jpUf;Nfhapy;fspy; jkpopy; topghL!
,e;Jf; flTsHf;Fj; jkpo;j; njupahjh?
ef;fPud;
(1)
FLFL
FLFL FLFL FLFL
ey;y fhyk; tUFJ> ey;y fhyk; tUFJ
rhjpfs; NrUJ rz;ilfs; njhiyAJ
nrhy;yb> nrhy;yb> rf;jp khfhsP
NtjGuj; jhUf;F ey;y Fwp nrhy;Y
ae;jpuk; ngUFJ> je;jpuk; tsUJ
Nej;jpuk; jpwf;FJ> epahak; njupAJ
tPuk; tsUJ> Nkd;ik fpilf;FJ
.........................................................
(ghujpahH ghly; - Gjpa Nfhzq;fp)
ePz;l
ehl;fSf;Fg; gpd;dH jkpo;ehl;by; ,Ue;J xU jpj;jpg;ghd nra;jp Njdhff; fhjpy; te;J tpOe;;jpUf;fpwJ!
jpUf;Nfhapy;fspy; mHr;rid (Nghw;wp) nre;jkpopyh? tlnkhopapyh? vd;w
fUj;Jg;NghH jkpo;ehl;by; $Hik mile;J tUfpwJ vd;gJjhd; me;j ey;y nra;jp!
,uz;lhapuk; Mz;L ,ilntspf;Fg; gpd;dH jkpo;nkhop rk];fpUjj;ij Gwq;fz;L ntw;wp thif #Lk; #o;epiy
ehSk; nghOJk; mjpfupj;J tUfpwJ.
jpUf;Nfhapy;fspy; jkpopYk; mHr;rid vd;w mwptpj;jy;
Mq;fhq;F njhq;fpdhYk; ngUk;ghYk; mHr;rid tlnkhopapy; kl;LNk ,lk;ngw;W tUfpwJ.
1997 ,y; jkpopy; mHr;rid eilKiwg; gLj;jg;gLk;
Nfhtpy;fs; 3127. jkpopy; yl;rhHr;rid elj;jg;gl;l Nfhtpy;fs; 1082. jkpopy; Nfhb mHr;rid elj;jg;gl;l
Nfhtpy;fs; 11. xypngUf;fp %yk; jkpo;g;; gf;jpg;ghly;fs; xypgug;gg;gLk; Nfhtpy;fs; 1068.
fle;j jpKf Ml;rpapd;NghJ (1995-2000)
jkpo; Ml;rp nkhop> jkpo;g; gz;ghL> ,e;J rkak; kw;Wk; mwepiyaj;
Jiw mikr;rH KidtH K.jkpo;f;Fbkfd; ngU Kaw;rp vLj;jhH. jkpopy; Nghw;wpg; ghly;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F
MizaH nka;fz;lNjtd; jiyikapy;
,iw <LghLk; Ehw;GyikAk; gilj;j mwpQHfs;
mlq;fpa Nkk;ghl;Lf; FO xd;iw mikj;jhH.
,e;jf; FO nrhe;jf; ftpij
vOjptplf;$lhJ. Njthuk;> jpUthrfk;> ehyhapu jpt;tpag;
gpuge;jk;> jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil Nghd;w Ehy;fpspy; ,Ue;J tupfs; xNu rPuhf> ,U rPuhf> Kr;rPuhf mikj;J
Nghw;wp mfty;fis cUthf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W gzpf;fg;gl;lJ.
Nkk;ghl;Lf; FO mt;thNw nray;gl;L
Nghw;wpg; ghly;fis cUthf;fpaJ. mjid jkpofj;jpy; cs;s Fwpg;gplj;jf;f MjPd fHj;jhf;fSf;F mDg;gg;gl;L
mtHfsplk; ,Ue;J fpilf;fg;ngw;w jpUj;jq;fs; NrHf;fg;gl;L
nrg;gk; nra;ag;gl;l Nghw;wp mfty;fs; mikr;rH jkpo;f;Fbkfd; mtHfshy; ntspaplg;gl;L itf;fg;gl;ld.
,jd; %yk;
jpUf;Nfhapy;fspy; mg;gUk;> Re;juUk;> MSilg;gps;isahUk;>
mUkzpthrfUk; tpUk;gpg; Nghw;wpa jkpo;nkhop topghl;Lf;F topNfhyg;gl;lJ.
,Ue;Jk; jkpo;nkhop mHr;ridf;F
jkpo;ehL mHr;rfH rq;fj;jplk; ,Ue;J gyj;j vjpHg;Gnjuptpf;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ.
,g;NghJ mHr;rid topghL kl;Lky;y
Nfhapy; FlKOf;Fk; jkpo;nkhopapNyNa nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nghuhl;lk; tYg;ngw;W gyKid
vjpHg;Gf;fisj; jhz;b ntw;wpfukhf eilngw;Ws;sJ.
f&upy; cs;s jpUKf;$lYhH kzpKj;jPRtuH
jpUf;Nfhapypy; fle;j nrg;njk;gH 09Mk; ehs; (jpq;fl;fpoik) jkpo; Kiwg;gbahd FlKOf;F ntw;wpfukhf
eilngw;wJ.
Kd;djhf jkpo; Kiwg;gbahd FlKOf;F tpohtpw;F mDkjp Nfhup 2
rptdbahHfs; 100 mb cau njhiy Ngrp NfhGuj;jpy; Vwp epd;W jw;nfhiy nra;ag; Nghtjhf mwptpj;jpUe;jdH.
jkpo; Kiwg;gbahd FlKOf;Ff;F
mHr;rfHfs; rq;fk; fLk; vjpHg;Gj; njuptpj;jpUe;jhHfs;. jkpopy; FlKOf;F nra;jhy; mjdhy; Md;kPf
gyd; vJTk; fpl;lhJ. Ntj ke;jpuq;fis rk];fpUj nkhopapy; nrhy;Yk;NghJjhd; ,iwtDila rf;jp fpilf;Fk;.
'' vd;gJ mHr;rfHfspd; thjk;.
,e;j thjj;ij epuhfupj;j f&H midj;J
jkpo; mikg;Gfs; FlKOf;F tpohit ntw;wpfukhf elj;jpd.
Kjypy; Mfktpjpg;gb Fk;ghtpN\rkh?
jkpo;Kiwg;gb FlKOf;fh vd;gjpy; Kidg;ghl;Lf; fhl;lhj nghJkf;fs; jha;nkhop jkpOf;F vjpuhf vjpHe;j
vjpHg;igf;fz;L Ntjidg; gl;lhHfs;.
ghHg;gdpaj;jpd; jiyik mHr;rfuhf
jkpo;ehl;by; ,Uf;ff; $ba fhQ;rp fhkNfhb gPlhjpgjp ru];tjp n[ae;jpuRthkpfs; tof;fk;Nghy;
rk];fpUjj;Jf;F tf;fhyj;J thq;fp ntspapl;l mwpf;if ve;jg; gaidAk; mspf;ftpy;iy.
'Mfk tpjpg;gb fl;ba Nfhapypy;
Mfktpjpg;gbjhd; Fk;ghtpN\fk; (FlKOf;F) elj;j Ntz;Lk;. ahfrhiyfspy; Ntj ke;jpuq;fs;jhd;
xypf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJjhd; Mfktpjp. jkpopy;
ke;jpuq;fSf;Fupa gjq;fs; fpilahJ. ke;jpuq;fistpl;L
jpUKiwfis Xjyhk; Mdhy; mjdhy; gyd; fpl;lhJ. jkpo;j; Njhj;jpuq;fSf;F kupahij ,Ue;jhYk; mtw;Wf;F
ke;jpu rf;jp fpilahJ. Md;kPf gyDk; fpilf;fhJ'' vd fhQ;rp
fhkNfhb n[Nae;jpu ru];tjp rq;fuhr;rpahH jdJ mwpf;ifapy; $wpapUf;fpwhH.
,jd; nghUs; vd;dntd;why; ,e;Jf; flTsHf;Fj; jkpo; njupahJ. rk];fpUjnkhopf;F
cs;s ke;jpurf;jp jkpOf;Ff; fpilahJ. rk];fpUjk; kl;LNk ,e;Jf; flTsHf;Fj; njupAk;.
jkpo;ehl;by; tho;e;J nfhz;L> mjd;
cg;igj; jpd;Wnfhz;L> mjd; fhw;iwr; Rthrpj;Jf; nfhz;L jkpoHfsJ jd;khdj;Jf;Nf miw$ty; tpLk; fhQ;rp
rq;fuhr;rhupahpd; (mrl;Lj;) Jzpr;riy ehd; ghuhl;LfpNwd;.
jkpoHfspy; gyH kjNghijapy; kjpkaq;fp
,Ug;gjhNyNa fhQ;rp rq;fuhr;rpahH Nghd;NwhH vq;fsJ KJfpy;
Vwp rthup nra;fpwhHfs;.
fhQ;rp rq;fuhr;rpahupd; mwpf;if
gFj;jwpitf; nfhQ;rf; fhykhf
%l;il fl;btpl;L %iyapy; cl;fhHe;J ,Ue;j fiyQH fUzhepjpapd; Nfhgj;ijf; fpswp tpl;bUf;fpwJ. fhQ;rp
rq;fuhr;rpahiu kpfTk; fLikahfj ; jhf;fp jpUkztpohnthd;wpy; NgrpapUf;fpwhH. ehd; fiyQH epue;ju
vjpHf;fl;rpj; jiytuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;Gfpd;wtd;. mg;gb ,Uf;Fk; NghJjhd; mtUf;F jkpOzHTk;>
,dTzHTk; gFj;jwpTk;
gw;wpf; nfhz;L tUfpwJ.
jkpo;ehl;Lf; Nfhapy;fspy; jkpopy; FlKOf;F elj;jpaJ jtW vd;W
fhQ;rp rq;fuhr;rhupahH mwpf;if tpl;ljw;F fLk; fz;ldk; njuptpj;j fiyQH fUzhepjp
''jkpOf;F jkpo;ehl;bNy Ntiyapy;iy
vd;W nrhy;fpwtHfSf;Fk; jkpo;ehl;bNy Ntiyapy;iy- jkpo; njupahj flTSf;Fk; jkpo;ehl;bNy Ntiy
,Uf;ff;$lhJ- jkpo; njupe;jhy; eP flTshf ,q;Nf ,U! jkpo; njupahtpl;lhy; %l;il fl;bf; nfhz;L ntspNa
Ngh'' vdr; rhbapUf;fpwhH!
Mfkj;jpd;gb ,d;W Nfhapy; topghL G+ir
,lk;ngWtJ Fiwe;J tUfpwJ. Mfkk; rpy Fwpg;gpl;l rhjpapdH NfhapYf;Fs; nrd;W topghL nra;tijj;
jLf;fpwJ. topgl;lhy; jPl;Lg;gl;LtpLk; vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. Mdhy; ,d;W jPz;lhik rl;lg;gb Fw;wk; Mf
gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mfkk; ML Nfhop Nghd;w capupdq;fs; gypaplg;gLtij Cf;Ftpf;fpwJ. Mdhy; ,JTk;
,d;W rl;l tpNuhjkhf Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mfkj;jpd;gb Iag;gd;rhkp vd;W xU rhkp ,y;iy. Mdhy; ,d;W
Mfkj;Jf;F tpNuhjkhf Iag;gd; topghL elf;fpwJ. ,d;W fdlhtpy; cs;s ve;jf; NfhapYk;
Mfktpjpg;glb fl;lg;gltpy;iy. vdNt Mfkj;ijf; fhuzk; fhl;b
jkpo; mHr;ridiaNah jkpo;Kiw FlKOf;ifNah vjpHf;f KbahJ! 
rq;fuhr;rpahupd; mwpf;ifapy;
tpag;G ,y;iy. mtuJ
ePz;l ehs; epiyg;ghl;ilj;jhd; kPz;Lk; typAWj;jpapUf;fpwhH. fhQ;rp fhkNfhb rq;fuhr;rpahH rk];fpUjk;
Njt ghi\> jkpo; ePr ghi\ vd;gjpy; gpbthjkhf ,Ug;gtH. mjd;
fhuzkhf re;jpukTyP];tuH G+ir elf;Fk; ehl;fspy; rq;fuhr;rpahH kTd tpujk; mDl;bf;fpwhH. ePr ghi\ahd
jkpopy; NgRtijj; jtpHf;fNt ,e;j kTd tpujk;.
'FlKOf;F jkpopyh? rk];fpUjj;jpyh?
,jpy; nghJkf;fs; ve;jg; gf;fk;?' vd;w gpgprp jkpNohir
Nfs;tpf;F f&H jpdkzp nra;jpahsH KUNfrd; gjpy; mspj;jpUf;fpwhH.
''nghJ kf;fs; Muk;gj;jpy; ,Jgw;wp
Kidg;ghf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; jkpo;nkhopg; gad;ghl;bw;Fj; mHr;rfHfshy; vOg;gg;gl;l vjpHg;G mtHfsJ
Nfhgj;ijf; fpswptpl;lJ.''
jkpopy; mHr;rid> jkpo;Kiwg;gb
FlKOf;F> Ntjk; gbj;j midj;Jr; rhjpapdUk; G+rfHfshf Mfyhk; vd;w Nfhl;ghLfis mHr;rfHfs; jPtpukhf
vjpHj;J tUfpwhHfs;. mHr;rid nra;tJ mHr;rfHfspd; gpwg;Gupik vd;W $wp mtHfs; ePjpkd;wk; nrd;W
thjhbdhHfs;. mjpy; XusT ntw;wpAk; ngw;wpUf;fpwhHfs;. ,g;gb ,tHfs; jkpo;nkhopg; gad;ghl;il Vd;
vjpHf;fpwhHfs;?
jq;fs; gpiog;Gf;F kz; tpOe;J tpLk;
vd;gjw;fhfNt mHr;rfHfs; jkpo; mHr;ridia vjpHf;fpwhHfs;.
,e;J kjk; xd;wpNyNa xU Fwpg;gpl;l
rhjpapdH kl;Lk; Ntjk; gbf;Fk; cupikiaAk;> jpUf;Nfhapy;fspy; mHr;rid nra;Ak; cupikiaAk;
ngw;wpUf;fpwhHfs;. kw;wtHfSf;F me;j cupik kWf;fg;gLfpwJ. xU
gpuhkzd; vt;tsT xOf;ff; Nfldhf ,Ue;jhYk;> fy;tp Nfs;tpapy; vt;tsT jho;e;jtdhf
,Ue;jhYk;> xU Fwpg;gpl;l rhjpapy; gpwe;j xNu fhuzj;Jf;fhf
Ntjk; gbf;Fk; cupikiaAk;> mHr;rid nra;Ak; cupikiaAk; gpwg;gpd; mbg;gilapy; ngw;WtpLfpwhd;. (tsUk;)
jpUf;Nfhapy;fspy; jkpopy; topghL!
midj;Jr; rhjpapdUk; mHr;rfuhf Ntz;Lk;
irt
rpj;jhe;j Ehw;gjpg;Gf; fofk; ngaUf;F xg;g jkpOk; irt rpj;jhe;jKk;
rpwg;Gw;W Xq;fg; ghLgLk; mikg;ghFk;. jkpo;ehl;Lf;
Nfhapy;fspy; jkpo; top mHr;rid> jkpopy; MfkKiwg;gb FlKOf;F gw;wp gjpg;gf KfhikahsH Kj;Jf;Fkhurhkp
ntspapl;l mwpf;if gpd;tUkhW.
''vj;jidNah Mz;Lfshf jkpo;ehl;by;
jkpopy; mHr;rid nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;w Ntz;LNfhs; ,Ue;J nfhz;L tUfpwJ. ,J Kw;wpYk; jkpoHfspd; Kiwahd
Ntz;LNfhshFk;. fhuzk; jkpoHfSf;F Myaq;fspy; jkpopy; mHr;rid nra;Ak;nghOJjhd;> ,iwtop ghl;by;
KOikahf <Lgl;L ,iwapd;gk; ngw KbAk;. ,jpy; jtW VJkpy;iy.
rpy Mz;LfSf;F Kd;Ng ek; Nfhapy;fspy;
jkpopy; mHr;rid nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;W Ntz;bNdhk;.
Mdhy; mjw;F khwhf jkpo;ehl;Lf;
Nfhapy;fspNyNa ''jkpopy; mHr;rid nra;ag;gLk;'' vd;w gyif njhq;f tplg;gl;lJ. ,r; nray; NtW ve;j
ehl;bYk; eilngwhJ. Mdhy; ,Nj mHr;rfHfs; ntspehl;Lf;
Nfhapy;fSf;Fr; nrd;why; mq;F gzk; rk;ghjpf;f Ntz;ba #o;epiyapy; jkpopy; mHr;rid nra;J tUfpwhHfs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lg; gy $wyhk;. Mdhy; jkpo;ehl;by; kl;Lk; Vd; nraw;gLj;j kWf;fpwhHfs;.
ekJ ghuj Jizg; gpujkH mtHfs;
mz;ikapy; ,e;jp khehL xd;wpy; fye;J nfhz;L NgRifapy; ehq;fs; Mq;fpNyaHfisNah> Mq;fpyj;ijNah
vjpHf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; Mq;fpy kNdhghtj;ijj;jhd; vjpHf;fpNwhk; vd;W $wpapUf;fpwhH.
ghujg; Jizg; gpujkH ek;khy;
NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;ltHjhNd Mifahy; vg;gb mtUf;F mtUila nkhop kPJ (,e;jp) gw;W ,Uf;FNkh
mNjNghy; Fbkf;fshfpa
xt;nthU jkpoDf;Fk; jkpo; kPJ gw;W itf;f cupikapUf;fpwJ. mNj Neuk;> jkpoHfSk; ,e;jpiaNah> ,e;jp
NgRk; kf;fisNah> mJNghd;W rk];fpUjj;ijNah> rk];fpUjk; NgRk; kf;fisNah vjpHf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; Jizg;
gpujkH $WtJ Nghy; mk;kNdhghtj;ijj;jhd; jkpoHfs;
vjpHf;fpwhHfs;.
,t;thW vjpHf;Fk; jkpoHfis>
gpw;Nghf;Fthjpfs; vd;W $wpdhy;> mjpy; ghujj; Jizg; gpujkUk; mlq;fp tpLthH. MfNt muR cldbahf Mtd
nra;J Nfhapy;fspy; jkpo; mHr;ridia fl;lhag;gLj;Jtjw;F jFe;j Vw;ghL nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
NkYk; vg;gb ika muR
xt;nthU rk];fpUjg; gz;bjHfSf;F Mz;Lf;F xU Kiw &>5>000 mjw;F NkYk; &.50>000 tiu toq;fp tUfpwNjh>
mJNghy;> jkpio jkpof muR kw;Wk; ika muR caHjdpr; nrk;nkhopahf mwptpj;Jj; jkpo; mwpQHfSf;Fk;
mj;njhif toq;f jFe;j Vg;ghL nra;J juNtz;LfpNwhk;.
jkpo;ehl;by; thOk; jkpoHfSf;F>
jkpo;ehl;Lf; Nfhapy;fspy;> jkpo;> jkpo; top mHr;rid> jkpopy; Mfk Kiwg;gb FlKOf;F Nghd;w nray;fSf;F
Kd;Dupik nfhLj;J jkpof muRk; kw;Wk; ,e;J rka mwepiyaj; JiwAk; ,jid mq;fPfupj;J jkpoHfSf;F MjuT
njuptpf;f Ntz;Lk;.''
''MfNt muR cldbahf Mtd nra;J>
Nfhapy;fspy; jkpo; mHr;ridia fl;lhag;gLj;Jtjw;F jFe;j Vw;ghL nra;a Ntz;Lk;'' vd irtrpj;jhe;j
gjpg;gf KfhikahsH Kj;Jf;Fkhurhkp Nfl;Lf; nfhs;tjpy; epahak; kl;Lky;y nghUSk; ,Uf;fpwJ.
,q;fpyhe;jpy; Fiwe;jJ fp.gp. 2Mk; Ehw;whz;bd; njhlf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj fpwpj;JtHfs; tho;e;J
tUfpwhHfs;. Gdpj. Mf];jPd; fhyj;jpy; (597) fpwpj;Jtk; nry;upf;
(Celtic)
ehLfshd gpupj;jdp>
IaHyhe;J> ];nfhj;yhe;J kw;Wk; Nty;]; ehLfspd; Kjd;ikr; rkakhf tpsq;fpaJ. Aj;jk;> mikjp> gl;bdp>
nropg;G ,tw;Wf;fpilNa r%fk;> rl;lk;> tho;f;ifKiw Nghd;wtw;wpd; Nkk;ghl;Lf;F fpwpj;jt Njthyaj;jpd;
gq;F fhj;jpukhf ,Ue;jJ. Mq;fpy rptpy; mjpfhuKk; Njthyaj;jpd; Mjpf;fKk; rkhe;jug; ghijapy; Mdhy;
rw;W Kuz;ghlhd epiyapy; tsHe;J te;jJ. Fwpg;ghf ,uz;L tplaq;fspy; ,e;j ,uz;Lf;Fk; ,ilapy; Kuz;ghL
Njhd;wpaJ. xd;W Njthyaj;jpd; nrhj;Jg; gw;wpaJ. kw;wJ cNuhkhGupNahlhd cwT gw;wpaJ.
,e;j ,uz;L Kuz;ghLfSk; 16Mk;
Ehw;whz;by; $Hikngw;wd. mg;NghJ muruhf ,Ue;j vl;lhk;
n`d;wpf;F Mz;Foe;ij ,Uf;ftpy;iy. vdNt jdJ Ml;rpf;F xU thupRit cUthf;Fk; nghUl;L kWkzk; nra;Jnfhs;s
murd; tpUk;gpdhd;. mjw;F Kd;Ndhbahf kd;dd; jdJ kidtpia kzKwpT nra;Jtplj;
jPHkhdpj;jhd;. Mdhy; me;j
kzKwpTf;F ,irT ju Nghg;ghz;ltH kWj;J tpl;lhH. ntFz;nlOe;j
kd;d; cNuhkhGupNahL cs;s cwit Kwpj;Jf; nfhz;L
Church
of
England
vd;w
Gjpa jpUr;rigia epWtp mjd; vy;yhk;ty;y jiytdhf
(Supreme Head)
jd;idNa
gpufldg;gLj;jpdhd;.
,jdhy; Gdpj gPl;lH fhyk; njhl;L
jiyKiw jiyKiwahf ,q;fpyhe;Jf;Fk; cNuhKf;Fk; ,ilapy; ,Ue;J te;j cwT Kiw ntl;lg;gl;Ltpl;lJ.
n`d;wp kd;dd; mj;NjhL epw;ftpy;iy.
,q;fpyhe;J ehl;by; 16k; Ehw;;whz;Ltiu fpwpj;jt Myaq;fspy; ahUf;Fk; Gupahj ,yj;jPd; nkhopapy;
nra;ag;gl;L te;j Njhj;jputopghl;il Gjpa fpwpj;Jt rig Mq;fpy nkhopf;F khw;WkhW ,uNthL ,uthf Miz
gpwg;gpj;jhd;.
fpwpj;Jt FUkhHfs; Mya topghl;il
Mq;fpy nkhopapy; Mw;wNtz;Lk; vd;Wk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpy; mg;gbr;
nra;aj; jtwpdhy; mtHfsJ rPUil fioag;gl;L tPl;Lf;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gLthHfs; vd;Wk; n`d;wp kd;dd;
fl;lis gpwg;gpj;jhd;.
,e;j mur Mizapd; %yk; mJtiu fhyKk;
Mya topghl;by; ,yj;jPd; nkhop nrYj;jp te;j VfNghf Mjpf;fk; mbNahL xopf;fg;gl;lJ.
mJ Kjy; ,d;Wtiu ,q;fpyhe;J
jpUr;rigapd; topghl;Lnkhop Mq;fpykhfNt ,Ue;J tUfpwJ.
,yj;jPd;
nkhopjhd; Gdpjkhd nkhop. mJjhd; flTSf;Fj; njupe;j nkhop. mjpy; topgl;lhNy flTSf;Fg; GupAk;>
Mq;fpyk; ,iwtDf;Fg; GupahJ vd;w thjk; ,g;Nghjy;y 500 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dNu mq;F vLgltpy;iy.
,e;J
kjj;jpy; nkhopr; rpf;fy; ,Ug;gjw;Ff; fhuzk; mJ mbg;gilapy; ,d;ndhU ,dj;Jf;F> ,d;ndhU
gz;ghl;Lf;Fupa kjk; vd;gJjhd;.
jpUf;Nfhapypy; rk];fpUjj;jpy; Fk;ghgpN\fkh jkpopy; FlKOf;fh vd;w ,Ogwpapy; jkpo;ehL Kjy;tH n[ayypjh fpQ;rpj;Jk; mf;fiw fhl;ltpy;iy. ',uhkd; Mz;lhnyd;d> ,uhtzd; Mz;lhnyd;d> ,uz;Lk; ,y;yhky; ,ilapy; te;j Fuq;F Mz;lhnyd;d' vd;w kdg;ghd;ikapy; mtH ,Ue;Jtpl;lhH. ,e;J rka kw;Wk; mwepiyaj;Jiw mikr;rH cl;gl Vida mikr;rHfisg; gw;wpg; NgrNt Ntz;lhk;. mtHfs; Ngrh kle;ijfs;!
xU kjj;jpy; %d;W mbg;gil mk;rq;fs;
cz;L. jj;Jtk;> Guhzk;> rlq;F vd;gitNa mitahFk;.
,e;J kjk; vd;gJ cz;ikapy; Mupaupd;
Ntjfhy rdhjd jHkk; MFk;. ,e;J vd;w nrhy; ,e;jpah kPJ
gilnaLj;J te;j fpNuf;fH ghurPfH Nghd;wtHfshy; Kjypy;
,e;Jejpf;F
(Indus River)
mg;ghy; tho;e;j
kf;fisf; Fwpf;f ifahsg;gl;l nrhy;. ehsiltpy; mJ me;j kf;fsJ rka ek;gpf;iffisf; Fwpr;Fk;
nrhy;yhfTk; khwpaJ. ,e;jr; nrhy; kl;Lky;y irtk; vd;w
nrhy;Yk; rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; fhzg;glhj nrhw;fshFk;.
jpUf;Nfhapy; topghL rk];fpUjj;jpyh jkpopyh vd;w ,Oghl;bw;F ePz;l
tuyhW cz;L. 1970 ,y; je;ij ngupahH mtHfs; midj;J rhjpapdUk; mHr;rfuhf Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nghuhl;lj;ij
mwptpj;jhH.
midj;J rhjpapdUk; mHr;rfuhfptpl;lhy; Nfhapypy; rhjp Ngjk; ,y;iy
vd;w epiy te;JtpLk;. jw;NghJ Nfhapy; 'fHg;gf;fpufk;' vd;w fUtiwf;Fs; caH rhjpapduhd gpuhkzHfs;
kl;LNk mHr;rfuhfp Eioa KbAk;. ,e;j Vw;ghL rhjpiag; gj;jpukhfg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf cUthf;fg;gl;lJ vdg;
ngupahH vLj;Jiuj;jhH.
Kjypy; fUtiwf;Fs; Eioe;J cupikia epiy ehl;l je;ij ngupahH
Nghuhl;lk; njhlf;fpaNghJ md;iwa Kjy;tH fiyQH fUzhepjp ''fUtiwf;Fs; cs;s tpf;fpufj;jpw;F Vuhskhd
eif G+l;bapUg;gijf; fhl;bAk;> Mfk tpjpfisf; fhuzk; fhl;bAk; kWg;Gf; $WthHfNs vd;fpd;w Iag;ghLfis
vOg;gpdhH.
kdpj cupik mbg;gilapy; xU kdpjDf;Fs;s
cupik ,d;ndhUtUf;F> mjpYk; mNj kjj;jpidr; NrHe;tUf;F>
mJTk;$l mtH gf;juhfr; nry;Yk;NghJ Vd; kWf;fg; gly;
Ntz;Lk;? me;j kWg;G ''#j;jpu gQ;rkj; jd;ikfis'' ghJfhg;gJjhNd! MfNt
mij xopf;f midj;J rhjpapdiuAk; mHr;rfuhf;fptpl;lhy; vq;fSf;F ve;j kWg;Gk; ,y;iy vd;W ngupahH
nrhd;dhH. jdJ fUtiw EioTg; Nghuhl;lk; vd;gjid midj;Jr;
rhjpapdUk; mHr;rfuhf;Fk; Nghuhl;lkhf ngupahH khw;wp mikj;jhH.
Nghuhl;lk; mwptpf;fg;gl;lTld; mg;NghJ
Kjyikr;ruhf ,Ue;j fiyQH fUzhepjp mJ njhlHghf jkpo;ehL rl;lrigapy; xU rl;lj;ijf; nfhz;L te;jhH.
me;jr; rl;lj;ij vjpHj;J mHr;rfHfs;
ePjpkd;wj;jpw;Fr; nrd;whHfs;. me;jr; rl;lk; mbg;gil
kjRje;jpuj;ij kPWfpwJ vd;gjhy; mJ nry;yhJ vd;W thjhbdhHfs;.
jpU. ,uhrNfhghyhr;rhupahH kw;Wk;
md;iwa fhQ;rp fhkNfhb gPlhjpgjp re;jpuNrfNue;jpuh
rq;;fuhr;rhupahH ,UtUk; NrHe;J vjpHj;jhHfs;. mtHfs; rhHgpy; gpugy rl;lthjp gy;fpthyh Njhd;wp
thjhbdhH. mg;gb thjhbaNghJ mtHfs; nrhd;dhHfs; midj;Jr;
rhjpapdiuAk; mHr;rfuhf;fpdhy; rlq;F Kiw nfhs;if vy;yhtw;iwAk; khw;wptpLthHfs;
vd;W nrhd;dhHfs;.
jpUf;Nfhapy;fspy; jkpopy; topghL!
"jFjptha;e;j gpuhkzH my;yhjtH mHr;rfuhf epakpf;fg;glyhk;";
,e;j thuk; ,e;jpa cr;r ePjpkd;wk;
Myaq;fspy; G+ir nra;tJ gpuhkzHfspd; VfNghf cupikay;y> Mya
G+ir tpjpKiwfs; ed;F
njupe;jtHfs; ahuhf ,Ue;jhYk; mtH mHr;rfuhf epakpf;fyhk; vd mjpubahfj; jPHg;gspj;Js;sJ.
Nfus khepyk;> vHzhFsk; mUNf cs;s
myq;fhL rptd; Nfhapypy; gpuhkzH my;yhj xUtH G+rhupahf
epakpf;fg;gl;lhH. mjid vjpHj;J cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpy;
njhlug;gl;l tof;fpy; ePjpgjpfs; uhNre;jpu ghG> Jiurhkp MfpNahH mlq;fpa ePjpkd;wk; jPHg;gspj;Js;sJ.
,e;jj; jPHg;gpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; fUjp
mjd; RUf;fj;ijf; fPNo jUfpNwd;.
''Myaq;fspy; G+ir nra;tJ gpuhkzHfspd;
VfNghf cupikay;y> Mya G+ir tpjpKiwfs; ed;F njupe;jtHfs;> mjpy; ed;F gapw;rp ngw;wtHfs;> xU
Fwpg;gpl;l nja;tj;jpd; topghl;L Kiwfs; njupe;jtHfs; ahuhf ,Ue;jhYk; mtH ve;j r%fj;ijr; NrHe;jtH
vd;gijf; fUj;jpy; nfhs;shky; mtiu mHr;rfuhf epakpf;fyhk;.
Mfk tpjpKiwfs;> G+irf;Fupa topghl;L
ke;jpuq;fs; ed;F njupe;jtHfs;jhd; mHr;rfHfshf tuNtz;Lk; vd;gjpy; ve;j re;NjfKk; ,y;iy. mj;jifa
egHfs;jhd; Nfhapy; fHg;gfpufj;Jf;Fs; nrd;W nja;tq;fspd; rpiyfisj; njhl;L topghL elj;Jk; jFjp
ngw;wtHfs;.
,jpy; ehk; ghHf;f Ntz;baJ vd;d
vd;why; xUtH Mfk tpjpKiwfs;> topghl;L Kiwfis ed;F fw;Wj; NjHe;jpUf;fpwhH vd;gijj;jhNd jtpu mtH
ve;j r%fj;ijr; NrhHe;jtHfs; vd;gij my;y.
rpy Nfhapy;fspy; tof;fkhd eilKiw
fhuzkhNth my;yJ kuT topapNy gpuhkzHfNsh topghL elj;jp
mHr;rfHfshfr; nray;gl;Ltuyhk;. Mdhy; mjw;fhf G+irfs; elj;j
gpuhkzH my;yhjtHfSf;F jil tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhf mHj;jky;y. jFjpAs;s ve;j egUk; mHr;rfuhfyhk;.
,e;j tof;fpy; gpuhkzNuh my;yJ kiyahs
gpuhkzNuh jhd; mHr;rfH epakpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W typAWj;Jtjpy; ve;j epahaKk; ,y;iy.
murpay; mikg;Gr; rllk; 25tJ
gpuptpd;gb vy;NyhUf;Fk; vy;yh cupikAk; Rje;jpuKk; cs;sJ.
Fwpj;J vtUk; Nfs;tp vOg;g KbahJ.'
1970 Mk; Mz;L jkpo;ehl;by; Kjy;tuhf
,Ue;j fUzhepjp midj;J rhjpapdUk; mHr;rfuhfyhk; vd;W rl;lk;
nfhz;L te;jhH;. ,ij vjpHj;J njhlug;gl;l tof;fpYk; cr;r
ePjpkd;wk; ,Nj Nghy; xU jPHg;G toq;fpaJ vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
jpKf muR rhHgpy; cr;r ePjpkd;wj;Jf;F 'ehq;fs; mbg;gilia khw;w khl;Nlhk;.
Mdhy; midtUf;Fk; gapw;rp nfhLf;fg;gLk;. vg;gb Ky;yh
Mtjw;F ,];yhkpa kjj;jpNy gapw;rp ,Uf;fpwNjh> mNjNghy fpwpj;jt kjFUthf Mtjw;F VO Mz;Lf; fhyg;
gapw;rp ,Uf;fpwNjh mJNghy midj;J rhjpapdUf;Fk; gapw;rp
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjw;F cj;juthjk; jUfpNwhk;' vd;W md;iwa
jpKf murpd; rhHgpNy njspthf ePjpkd;wj;Jf;Fj; njuptpf;fg;gl;lJ vd;W Kd;dH Fwpg;gpl;bUe;Njd;.
jpKf muR nfhLj;j thf;FWjpia Vw;Wf; nfhz;l cr;rePjpkd;wk; mjid muR kPWk; gl;rj;jpy; kPz;Lk; kDjhuHfs; ePjpkd;wj;ij mZfp jf;f
gupfhuk; fhzyhk; vdf; $wp kDf;fisj; js;spaJ.
vk;[pMH Kjy;tuhf ,Ue;jNghJ je;ij ngupahH Ehw;whz;L tpoh (1978)
Xuhz;L fhyk; nfhz;lhlg;gl;lJ. mg;NghJ cr;r ePjpkd;w
jPHg;gpd;gb> murpay; rl;lj; jpUj;jj; Njitapd;wpNa> ,e;J mwepiyar; rl;lg;gb xU mHr;rfH gs;spia
epWtp mjd; %yk; gapw;rp ngw;wtHfis mHr;rfuhf;fyhk; vd;W $wp> rl;l epGzHfspd; mwpTiuiaAk; ,izj;Jf;
nfhLj;jJ. mjd; gpd; vk;[pMH mjpf fhyk; capH thotpy;iy.
1987 k; Mz;L bnrk;gH khjk; 28Mk; ehs; mtH fhykhdhH.
jpKf Ml;rp 1988Mk; Mz;L kPz;Lk; gjtpf;F te;jJ. Mdhy; me;j Ml;rp
1991Mk; Mz;L rdtup 31Mk; ehs; gjtp ePf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lJ.
mjid Vw;Wf; nfhz;l n[ayypjh Vw;fdNt
,Uf;fpd;w rl;lj;ijAk;> jPHg;igAk; gad;gLj;jp jpUr;rp khtl;lk; fk;gurk; Ngl;ilapy; MjpjpuhtplH
Kjw;nfhz;L midtUk; 7 Mz;Lfhyk; Mfkk; gbj;J mHr;rfuhf
tUtjw;F topNfhYk; xU gs;spf;$lj;ij epWtpdhH.
ngupahH
mtHfs; kiwe;jnghOJ midj;J rhjpapdUk; mHr;rfuhfpd; gpur;rpidiag;gw;wpf; nrhy;Yk;nghOJ mtUila
neQ;rpy; xU Ks;NshL itj;Jg; Gijj;J tpl;Nlhk; vd;W fiyQH fUzhepjp nrhd;dhH. mtH Ks; vd;W
Fwpg;gpl;lJ jPz;lhik xopg;G> rhjp xopg;G Mfpatw;iwahFk;. Mdhy;
Ml;rp ehw;fhypia kPz;Lk; gpbj;j jpKf muR midj;Jr; rhjpapdUf;Fk; Mfk gapw;rp mspf;Fk; gs;spia
njhlq;fp elj;Jtjpy; mf;fiw fhl;lhJ mjidf; iftpl;L tpl;lJ.
jpUf;Nfhtpy;fspy; jkpopy; mHr;rid topghL eilngw Ntz;Lk; vd;W Fuy; vOg;gpatH Fd;wf;Fb mbfshH
vd;gjpy; khWghL ,y;iy. Mdhy; mtUf;F Kd;dNu tlYhH ,uhkypq;f mbfs; rkur Rj;j rd;khHf;f rj;jpag; ngU
tpz;zg;gj;jpy;> topgL nkhopahf> jkpio mspj;jjw;fhf vy;yhkhdtuhAk; xd;Wkpy;yhjtuhAk; vy;yh
mz;l ruhruq;fspd; mfj;Jk; Gwj;Jk; epiwe;J tpsq;Ffpd;w jdpj;jiyikf; flTSf;F ed;wp ghuhl;LfpwhH.
NkYk;-
,lk;gj;ijAk; Muthuj;ijAk;> gpuahrj;ijAk;> ngUkiwg;igAk;> NghJNghf;ifAk; cz;L gz;Zfpd;w Mupa
Kjypa ghirfspy; vdf;F Mir nry;y nthl;lhJ gapYjw;Fk;> mwpjw;Fk; kpfTk; ,NyRilajha;> ghLjw;Fk;
Jjpj;jw;Fk; kpfTk; ,dpik cilajha;> rhfhf; fy;tpia ,Nyrpy;
mwptpg;gjha;j; jpUtUs;tyj;jhw; fpilj;j njd;nkhop (njd;nkhop - jkpo;) xd;wdplj;Nj
ghLtpj;jUspdPHvd
,uhkypq;f mbfshH kdKUff; $wpapUf;fpwhH.
,uhkypq;f mbfshiu ghHg;gdHfs;
kl;Lky;y "Ie;jhk; FutH" vd;W Nghw;wg;gl;l MWKfehtyH Nghd;NwhUk; rpthfkthjpfSk; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;stpy;iy. ,uhkypq;f mbfshupd; mUl;ghf;fis kUl;gh vd tHzpj;J MWKf ehtyH nrhw;NghH njhLj;jhH.
,UtUf;Fk; ,ilapy; ele;j nrhw;NghH ePjpkd;wk;tiu nrd;wJ. ts;syhH
Nfhtpy; topghl;by; irt Mfktpjpfis kPWfpwhH> rhjpapy;iy vd;W nrhy;fpwhH vd;gJ ehtyupd; Fw;wr;rhl;L.
jpUKiwfistpl rpthfkq;fSf;F ehtyH Kjd;ik nfhLj;jjhy; te;j ,lHg;ghL
,J. ,itnay;yhk; gioa fij.
mbfshH
jdJ gpw;fhyj;jpy; ghHg;gdPaf; Fg;igfshd Guhz> rhj;jpu> ,jpfhrq;fis fLikahfr; rhbdhH. jkJ Mwhk;
jpUKiwapy; mtw;iw mf;FNtH MzpNtuhfg; gpa;j;njLj;jhH.
"rhjpapNy kjq;fspNt rka newpfspNy
rhj;jpur; re;jbfspNy> Nfhj;jpur; rz;ilapNy
MjpapNy mgpkhdpj;J miyfpd;w cyfPH
miye;jiye;J tPNzePH mopjy; mofyNt
ePjpapNy> rd;khHf;f epiyapNy .........."
,d;W
,uhkypq;f mbfshUf;F G+ir nra;Ak; gf;jHfSk;$l ,e;jg; gFjpfisf; fz;L nfhs;tjpy;iy. kpfTk; Kaw;rp
nra;J mtw;iw kiwj;J tpLfpd;wdH.
tlYhH ts;syhupd;; ghHitapy; rkaq;fs; midj;JNk kdpjid Ml;bg;gilf;Fk; xUtpj
NgahfNt mtUf;Fg; gl;lJ. mjdhy;jhd; mtH "kjk; vd;Dk; Nga; gpbahjpUf;f Ntz;Lk;" vd;W mwpTwpj;jpdhH.
kjj;ij Ngnadr; rhba ts;syhH mjw;F Kjy; tupapy; ngUnewp gpbj;njhOf Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; nrhd;dhH.
"Ntj newp Mfkj;jpd; newpkuG uhzq;fs;
tpsk;G newp KOJk;
XJfpd;w R+jidj;Jk; cs midj;Jq; fhl;b
cs;sjid cs;sgb czu czHj;jpidNa"
MupaHfsJ Ntjk;> Mfkk;> Guhzq;fs;> ,jpfhrq;fs; midj;Jk; R+jhdit vd;W ts;syhH
rhbdhH.
"fiyAiuj;j fw;gidNa epiynadf; nfhz;lhLk;
fz;%bg; gof;fq;fs; kz;%bg; Nghf"
vd;W ,bj;Jiuj;jhH.
Rj;jrd;khHf;f newpapy; Nfhtpy; ,y;iy. mjw;Fg; gjpyhf rig te;jJ. tpf;fpufk;
,y;iy. me;j ,lj;jpy; Nrhjp ,lk;ngw;wJ. Ie;njOj;J> vl;nlOj;J ke;jpu cr;rhldq;fs; ,y;iy. mUl;ngUQ;Nrhjp jdpg;ngUk; fUiz te;jJ. rpWnja;t topghby;iy. capHg;gyp ,y;iy. jHkrhiy te;jJ.
xU Kiw rpjk;guj;jpy; ,tH topghL nra;ag; NghdNghJ mHr;rfHfs; mbfshhpd;
gplupiag; gpbj;J ntspapy; js;spdhHfs;. mg;NghJ xU
KbntLj;jhH. "rpjk;guj;jpy;
vOe;jUsp ,Uf;Fk; jpy;iyeluhrid ehd; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpw;F tutiof;fpNwd;"
vd;W $wp tlYhupy; rpw;wk;gyk; (cj;ju rpjk;guk;)
vd;w ,d;ndhU rpjk;guj;ij cUthf;fpdhH. (tsUk;)
'fz;zg;g
epw;f! fz;zg;g epw;f!'
Jujpl;ltrkhf
ts;syhupd; Gul;rpfu rpe;jidfis irt cyfj;jhNyNa rPuzpf;f KbahJ Ngha;tpl;lJ. ts;syhupd; Md;kNeak;
kdpjj;Jtj;ijAk; fle;jjhf ,Ue;jJ.
thba gapiuf; fz;lNghnjy;yhk;
thbNdd;> grpapdhy; ,isj;Nj
tPLNjhW ,ue;Jk; grpawh jaHe;j
ntw;wiuf; fz;L csk; gijj;Njd;
ePba gpzpahy; tUe;Jfpd; NwhH vd;
NeH cwf; fz;L cse; Jbj;Njd;
<bd;kh dpfsha; Viofsha; neQ;
rioj;jtH jikf;fz;Nl ,isj;Njd;
vd;W ts;syhH ghbaNjhL epy;yhky;> ntWk; cgNjrj;NjhL epd;W tplhky; grpg;gpzpiag;
Nghf;f ts;syhH Muk;gpj;j mwf;Nfhl;lk; ,d;Wk; tlYhupy; ,aq;fp tUfpwJ. grpj;j ViofSf;F gfy; -,uT
,uz;L Neuk; czT toq;fg;gLfpwJ. ts;syhH capNuhL ,Ue;jNghJ %l;ba mLg;G ,d;Wtiu mizatpy;iy. ,jid
Neupy; ghHj;Njd;.
''vj;JizAk; NgjKwhJ vt;TapUk;
jk; capHNghy; vz;zp cs;Ns
xj;Jupik cilauha; ctf;fpd;whH
qhtH mtH cse;jhd; Rj;j
rpj;JUtha; vk;ngUkhd; elk; GupAk;
,lk; vd ehd; njupe;Njd; me;j
tpj;jfHjk; mbf;Nfty; Gupe;jpl vd;
rpe;ij kpf tpioe; jhNyh!''
vt;TapUk; jk; capHNghy; vtd; ghHf;fpwhNdh mtd;jhd; Rj;jrd;khHf;fp>
Md;kNeaj;jtd; vd;fpwhH ts;syhH. Mdhy; ahH mtupd; cgNjrj;ijg; nghUl;gLj;jpdhHfs;?
jkpopy; Nghw;wp (mHr;rid) kw;Wk; FlKOf;Fr; nra;tij
rhjhuz mHr;rfHfs; njhlq;fp fhQ;rp fhkNfhb rq;fuhr;rhupahH tiu vjpHf;fpwhHfs;. mit
rk];fpUjj;jpy;jhd; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W xw;iwf; fhypy; epw;fpwhHfs;. mjw;F mtHfs;
$Wk; fhuzq;fs;
vit?
(m) flTSf;F jkpo; cfe;j nkhop my;y. ghuk;gupakhf rk];fpUjj;jpNyNa ke;jpuq;fs;
nrhy;yp mgpNrfk;> Muhjidnay;yhk; elj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
(M) Mfk tpjpfspd;gb rk];fpUjj;jpNy kl;Lk;jhd; FlKOf;F ( Fk;ghgpNrfk;)
elj;jyhk;. jkpopy; nra;a Mfk tpjpfspy; ,lkpy;iy.
(,) kPwpj;jkpopy; elj;jpdhy; mJ flTspd; Nfhgj;jpw;F cs;shf;Fk; nrayhfptpLk;.
mjdhy; ehl;by; ,aw;if cw;ghjq;fs; NeupLk;> ehl;L kf;fSf;F ngUk; jPq;Ffs; tpisAk;.
,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;L fz;l jiy rpwe;j jkpowpQHfspy;
jpU.tp.f. vd;W vy;NyhuhYk; md;Gld; miof;fg;gLk; jpU.tp.fy;ahzRe;juk; (KjypahH) xUtH. mtUf;Fj;
'jkpo;j;njd;wy;' vd;w gl;lKk; cz;L.
jpU.tp.f. kpfr;rpwe;j vOj;jhsH> E}yhrpupaH> nra;jpNal;lhsH> fhq;fpu]; jiytH>
Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;l tPuH> njhopw;rq;fthjp. kpfr;rpwe;j gf;jpkhd;. rptNerr; nry;tH.
ehad;khH tuyhW> Mo;thHfs; tuyhW vy;yhk; vOjpatH. mjdhy;
'jkpo;KdptH' vd;Wk; miof;fg;gl;lhH.
irt rkaj;jpy; ngupa Guhzj;Jf;F XH Kf;fpa ,lk; cz;L. Nrf;fpohH ngUkhd; mtHfs;
me;j E}iy vOjpdhH. mJ flTis Kiwahf topgl;L> flTSf;Fj; njhz;L
nra;J> gf;jpnewp gug;Gk; njhz;by;
<Lgl;L> flTspd; kPJ fhyj;jhy; mopahj gf;jp newpg; ghly;fisg; ghb> flTs; mUshy; rptNyhf gjtp my;yJ
Kf;jp ngw;w 63 rptnewpr; nry;tHfspd;> ehad;khHfspd; tuyhw;iwg; ngupaGuhzk; gjpT nra;Js;sJ.
mjd; ,d;ndhU ngUik me;j E}iy vOjpl flTNs ew;wkpopy;
®cynfyhk; czHe;J Xjw;F mupatd; epyT cyhtpa ePHkyp
Ntzpad;''
vd;W mbnaLj;Jf; nfhLj;jhd; vd;gjhFk;. gd;dpU jpUKiwfspy;
filrpj; jpUKiwahfTk; ngupaGuhzk; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
mj;jifa ngUikfs; epiwe;j ngupaGuhzj;ij> rptnewpr; nry;tHfspd; tho;f;if
tuyhw;iw tpsf;fkhfTk;> nkj;jg;gbahj kf;fSk; Gupe;J nfhs;Sk;tz;zk; ehad;khH tuyhW'' vd;w
jiyg;gpy; xU Eiy jpU.tp.f. vOjpAs;shH.
mjpNy fz;zg;g ehadhH tuyhWk; xd;W. gf;jp
vd;gJ topghL vd;gJ> Muhjid vd;gJ> mgpNrfk; vd;gJ Mfktopg;gl;ljh? md;G topg;gl;ljh? vd;w Nfs;tpf;F
NtLt Fy jpz;zdhH nra;j ,iwtopghL gjpyspg;gjhf mike;jpUf;fpwJ.
jpz;zdhH NtLtH Fyj;J murd;. jpz;zdhH xU ehs; fhl;bNy Ntl;ilahbf; nfhz;bUe;j
NghJ nfhO nfhO gd;wp xd;W mtuJ mk;GfSf;Fj; jg;gp Xl;lkha; XbaJ.
jpz;zdhH tpltpy;iy. gd;wpiaf; Juj;jpf;nfhz;L XbdhH. xU kiyabthuj;Jf; Nfhtpypy;
mJ kiwa Kad;wNghJ jpz;zdhH jdJ cilthshy; mijf; Fj;jpdhH. jkJ ez;gHfs; fhld;> ehfDld; me;jg;
gd;wpia neUg;gpypl;L cz;z trjpahf nghd;Kfyp Mw;wq;fiuia mile;jhH. mq;Nf xU rptypq;fk; ,Ug;gijf;
fz;lhH. me;j rptypq;fj;ij gf;jpAzHT Nkyplf; fl;bg;gpbj;Jf; nfhz;lhH.
ma;Nah ,e;jf; fhl;by;> Iad; rptngUkhd; jdpahf ,Uf;fpwhNu> ,tUf;F czT gilf;f>
jpUePuhl;l ahUkpy;iyNa® vd;W Vf;fk; nfhs;fpwhH!
Mz;ltDf;F mgpNrfk; nra;J mKJ gilg;gJ vd;W KbntLj;jhH jpz;zd;!
mjd; gpwF mtH vg;gb mgpNrfk; nra;jhH? vj;jifa mKij nra;jhH?vd;gij jkpo; KdptH
jpU.tp.f. thahNyNa Nfl;Nghk;:
jpz;zdhH CdKijf; fy;iyapNy itj;Jf;
nfhz;lhH. jpUkQ;rdj;Jf;Fg; nghd; Kfypahw;W ePiu thapNy Kfe;Jnfhz;lhH.
gr;rpiyfisAk; kyHfisAk; FLkpapNy
nrUfpf;nfhz;lhH;. xU ifapy;
xU tpy;iyAk; mk;igAk; jhq;fpf; nfhz;lhH; kw;nwhU ifapy;
CdKjKs;s ,iyf;fyj;ij Ve;jpf; nfhz;lhH;.
'vdf;fpdpa ngUkhd; rhyg; grpj;jpUg;ghH vd;W ,uq;fp Vq;fp tpiue;J ele;J kiyia
mile;jhH. mq;Nf rptdhH jpUKb kPjpUe;j kyHfisf; fhy;
nrUg;ghy; khw;wpdhH. tha; ePiuj; jpUKb kPJ md;GNghy; ckpo;e;jhH;.
FLkpapy; nrUfpte;j g+f;fis Mz;ltDf;Fr; rhj;jpdhH; CdKijj; jpUKd;Nd itj;J ''Mz;ltNd!
,t;tpiwr;rpfs; ey;yd. ,itfis ahNd Rit ghHj;Jj; jpUKd;dHg; gilj;Js;Nsd;; mKJ nra;jUs;f' vd;W
,d;nrhw; $wp mKJnra;tpj;jhH.
mg;nghOJ #upad; kiwe;jhd;. ,utpy;
nfhba tpyq;Ffs; IaDf;Fj; jPq;F nra;Ak; vd;W jpz;zdhH fUjp
mQ;rpj; jpUf;ifapy; rpiy jhq;fpr; rptgpuhid Nehf;fp epd;whH. fhLfspy; Eioe;Jk; kiyfspw; GFe;Jk;
gd;ndL ehs; mUe;jtq; fple;j NjtHfSk; KdptHfSk; fhz;lw;fupa ngUkhidj; jpz;zdhH md;gpdpy; fz;L
nfhz;lhH. nghOJ GyHe;jJ. gwitfs; xyp nra;jd. ,uT KOtJk; fz; Japyhj tPuH> Mz;ltDf;F CdKJ nfhz;Ltu
Ntl;ilf;Fg; Gwg;gl;lhH.
jpz;zdhH nrd;w gpd;G> rptNfhrupahH mq;Nf te;jhH. rptNfhrupahH
vd;gtH> jpUf;fhsj;jpag;giu ehs;NjhWk; Mfktpjpg;gb
mUr;rpg;gtH. mtH tof;fk; Nghyj; njhz;lhw;wj;
jpUKd;dHr; nrd;whH;. mq;Nf nte;j ,iwr;rpiaAk; vYk;igAk; ghHj;jhH;.
mfykpjpj;J Xb ,t; tErpjj;ijr; nra;jtH ahtH? Ntlg; GiyaHfNs ,ijr; nra;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
,f;nfhLikf;Fj;
Njt Njtd; jpUTs;sKk;
,ire;jNjh vd;W fyq;fpdhH;. njsptile;jhH;. ,iwr;rp>
,iy> nrUg;gb> ehab Kjypatw;iwj; jpUtyfhy; khw;wpg; nghd;
Kfyp Nghe;J %o;fp tpiue;J re;epjp NrHe;J gpuhar;rpj;jQ; nra;J Kiwg;gb mUr;rpj;Jj; jkJ jNghtdk;
NghdhH.
Mz;ltDf;F CdKjq; nfhz;Ltu jpz;zdhH fhd; GFe;jhH;.
Ntl;ilahbg; gd;wp khd; Kjypa tpyq;Ffisf; nfhd;whH;.
mitfspd; CndLj;Jg; gjQ;nra;J Njd; fye;J fy;iyapNy itj;Jf; nfhz;lhH;. Kd;NghyNt kQ;rdKk; kyUq;
nfhz;lhH;. ,itfisf; nfhz;L kiyNawpg; gioagb ghHg;gdH g+iria mfw;wpj; jkJ g+iriar; nra;J Kbj;J ,iwr;rpfisj;
jpUKd;Nd itj;J> IaNd! ,t;tpiwr;rpfs; Kd;ditfistplr; rpwe;jd. ,it
gd;wp> khd;> fiy> kiu> flik ,itfspd; ,iwr;rpfs;. ahDQ; Rit ghHj;Njd;;.
NjDq; fye;Js;Nsd;. jpj;jpf;Fk;
mKJ nra;jUs;f! vd;W ,d;nrhy; $wp mKJ nra;tpj;jhH.
,t;thW jpz;zdhH gfypy; Ntl;ilahb Mz;ltDf;F CdKjk; gilj;Jk;> ,utpNy cwq;fhky;
Mz;ltd; Kd;dpd;Wk; jpUj;njhz;L epfo;j;jp te;jhH. rptNfhrupahUk; rptre;epjp Nghe;J tdNte;jH g+ridia
khw;wp khw;wp MfkKiwg;gb mUr;rpj;J
te;jhH.
rptNfhrupahH ehNlhWk; mErpjj;ij tpyf;fp tpyf;fpr; rypg;Gw;whH;.
xUehs; Mz;ltd; vjpNu epd;W> vd;Dila ehafNd! ,t;tErpjQ;
nra;jhiuf; fhz;ly; $ltpy;iy. ,jid cd;dUshNyNa xopj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;W Ntz;br; nrd;whH>
md;wpuT rptngUkhd; rptNfhrupahH fdtpNy Njhd;wp> 'mErpjQ; nra;Ak; xUtid NtLtd;
vd;W eP epidj;jy; Ntz;lhk;. mtd; md;gd;. mtDila mwpnty;yhk; ek;ik mwpAk; mwpNtahFk;. mtDila
nray;fnsy;yhk; ekf;F ,dpaitahFk;.
mtd; epiy ,j;jifj;J> eP ehis ekf;Fg; gpd;Nd xspj;jpU. mtd;jd; md;Gr; nray;fis fhz;gha;; ftiy
nahopf' vd;wUsp kiwe;jhH.
rptNfhrupahH fz;tpopj;Jf; nfhz;lhH. nghOJ tpbAk; tiu mtUf;F cwf;fk; tutpy;iy.
nghOJ tpbe;jJ. rptNfhrupahH vOe;J nghd;Kfypapy; ePuhb kiyNawp tof;fk;Nghy Mz;ltid topgl;lhH;.
Mz;ltd; Mizg;gb gpd;gf;fk; xspj;jpUe;jhH. ehs;fs; Mwhapd. jpz;zdhH tof;fk;Nghy ,iwr;rp
Kjypatw;iwj; jhq;fpf;nfhz;L tpiue;J tUfpwhH. mtH md;W topapy; rFzq;fisf; fhz;fpwhH;.
,itfs; cjpuq;fhl;Lq; Fwpfs;. vd; IaDf;F vd;d NeHe;jNjh! vd;W mtH fyq;fp Xb
tUfpwhH.
jpUf;fhsj;jpg; ngUkhd;> jpz;zdhHjk; md;gpd; ngUikiaf; fhl;lj; jkJ tyf;
fz;zpdpd;Wk; cjpuk; ngUfr; nra;jhH. mf;fhl;rpiaj; Jhuj;Nj fz;l jpz;zdhH> XNlhb te;jhH;.
,uj;jq;fz;lhH> kaq;fpdhH> mtHjk; thapYs;s ePH rpe;jpw;W.
ifapYs;s Cd; rpjwpw;W. tpy;Yk; tpOe;jJ.
jiykapupdpd;Wk; kyHfs; tpOe;J miye;jd. jpz;zdhH gij
gijj;J tPo;fpwhH;> vOfpwhH;> vOe;JNgha; ,uj;jj;ijj;
Jilf;fpwhH. Jilj;Jk; ,uj;jk; epw;ftpy;iy. mtH ngU%r;R tpl;L tpOfpwhH;.
gpd; xUthW Njwp> ahH ,J nra;jhH? vd;W vOe;jhH;.
jpir jpir Xbg; ghHf;fpwhH;.
tpy;iy vLf;fpwhH; mk;igj; njhLf;fpwhH.
vdf;F khwhf ,j;jPq;if NtlHfs;
nra;jhHfNsh? nfhba tpyq;Ffs; nra;jdNth? vd;W $wpf; nfhz;Nl
kiyg;gf;fq;fspy; mtH neLe;Jhuk; Xbg; ghHf;fpwhH.
jpz;zdhH NtlHfisAq; fz;lhupy;iy.
tpyq;FfisAq; fz;lhupy;iy. md;gH jpUk;gp te;J Mz;ltidf; fl;bf;nfhz;L>
IaNd! cdf;F mLj;jJ vd;Ndh? vd;Ndh? vd;W fjwpf; fjwp
mOfpwhH;. ,/J vd; nra;jhy; jPUk;? gr;rpiy kUe;Jfisf;
nfhz;L tUNtd; vd;W fhnlyhQ; Rw;wpg; gr;rpiyfis gwpj;J te;J gpire;J gpire;J Iad; fz;zpy;
thHf;fpwhH. ,uj;jk; epw;ftpy;iy. ,dp vd; nra;tJ? vd;W mz;zy; rpe;jpj;J epw;fpwhH.
mg;nghOJ CDf;F Cd; vd;Dk; gonkhop mtuJ epidTf;F te;jJ. te;jJk;> jpz;zdhH
mk;ghy; jkJ tyf;fz;iz mfo;e;njLj;J Iad; jpUf;fz;zpy; mg;gpdhH. ,uj;jk; epd;Wtpl;lJ. md;gH ngUkhd;
Fjpf;fpwhH;. Njhs; nfhl;LfpwhH;. $j;jhLfpwhH;.
ehd; nra;jJ ed;W ed;W! vd;W $wpf; $wp kfpo;r;rpailfpwhH. kfpo;r;rpg; ngUf;fhy; md;gH
cd;kj;jH NghyhdhH.
Cd;wpa nghOJ> jlq;fUizg; ngUq;flyhfpa NjtNjtH kde;jhshjtuha;> 'fz;zg;g epw;f!
fz;zg;g epw;f! fz;zg;g epw;f!'' vd;wUspf; nfhz;Nl jpz;zdhH ifiaj; jkJ jpUf;ifahy; gpbj;Jj;
jLj;jhH. (tsUk;)
fhyj;jpw;Nfw;g
Mfkk; khwpf;
nfhz;L te;jpUf;fpwJ
jpz;zdhH jdJ thapy; Mw;W ePiu epug;gp te;J Mz;ltDf;F mgpNrfk; nra;jhH!
fhypy; mzpe;j nrUg;ghy; gioa kyHfis mfw;wpdhH.
gd;wpf;fwp> khd;fwpia mKJ gilayhf md;Gld; ieNtj;jpak; nra;jhH.
Mfktpjpfspd;gb jpz;zdhH mgpNrfKk; nra;atpy;iy> mHr;ridAk;
nra;atpy;iy! Mdhy; fhl;by; rptypq;fj;ij jpz;zdhH fz;l
MwhtJ ehs; rptngUkhd; jpz;zdhUf;Ff; fhl;rpaspj;jhH!
,iwtDf;Nf fz;izf; nfhLj;jjhy;> jpz;zidf; fz;zg;gd; vd;W mioj;jhH.
khwpyh md;gNd! eP vg;NghJk; vd; ,lg;gf;fk; ,Uf;ff; fltha;
vd;W mUs;ghypj;jhH!
,jpNy Fwpg;gplj; jFe;j nghUs; vd;dntd;why;> fhyk;fhykhf me;j rptypq;fj;ij
Mfktpjpg;gb mgpNrfk; nra;J> vg;NghJk; jpUNkdp jPz;b mHr;rid nra;J> Muhjid elj;jp te;j
rpthr;rhupahUf;Fj; juhj juprdj;ij MNw ehl;fs; Mfk tpjpfs; vijAk; filgpbf;fhky; md;G top xd;iwNa
filgpbj;J tha; ePuhy; mgpNrfk;> gd;wpf;fwpia ieNtj;jpak;
nra;j NtLtDf;F juprdk; je;jhH. mj;NjhL epd;Wtplhky; jdJ ,lg;gf;fj;jpYk; mkHj;jpf;nfhz;lhH!
mjhtJ Mfktpjp mwpahj ghkudhf ,Ue;jhYk;
md;Gtop epd;W neQ;rk; nefpo Muhjpf;Fk; gf;jH vtuhapDk; me;j gf;jdpd; mgpNrfj;ij> Muhjidia>
mKJgilaiy Mz;ltd; Vw;Wf;nfhs;thd;!
f&H mUNf jpUKf;$lY}H vd;w rpd;dQ;rpW Cupy; cs;s kzpKj;jP];tuH Nfhtpy; ePz;l
fhykhf ftdpg;ghuw;w epiyapy; mope;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. mjidg; Gjpg;gpj;J
jkpopy; FlKOf;Fr; nra;jtHfSk; gf;j Nfhbfs;jhNd? mtHfsJ FlKOf;if Mz;ltd; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s khl;lhd;
vd mHr;rfHfSk; rq;fuhr;rhupAk; vt;thW $w KbAk;? ,J nja;t
epe;jid Mfhjh?
ehd; Vw;fdNt vOjpathW topghL
vd;gJ khwpf;nfhz;L tUfpd;w xUnewp. mijf; $Wfpd;w MfkKk;
khwpf;nfhz;Nl te;jpUf;fpwJ vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhfr; nrhy;y
Ntz;Lk; vd;why; khupak;kd; vd;w Njtij topghL rpWnja;t
topghl;ilr; NrHe;jJ. ve;jr; rpthyaj;jpd; cs;Sk; khupak;kd; rpiy
itg;gjpy;iy. khup IadhH> Kdpag;gH Nghy xU fhty; nja;tk;. Cupd; ntspnay;iyapy;jhd; ,tHfSf;Ff;
Nfhapy; cs;sJ. khup vd;w jkpo;g; ngaH kfhkhup vd;Wk;>
tlnkhopapy; rPjyhNjtp vd;Wk; ngaH ngw;W tpl;ld. Mfkj;jpy; khupg; gpujpl;lh tpjp vd;w xU
mj;jpahak; ,ilr; nrUf;fyhfr; NrHf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
rq;f fhyj;jpy; nja;tk;>
mzq;F> Nga;>G+jk;> eLfy;> njd;Gyj;jhH> gj;jpdp Nghd;w rpW nja;t topghL ,Ue;jJ.
rhj;jd;> IadhH> Iag;gd;
rkz-gTj;j rkaq;fspd; nry;thf;fpdhy; Njhd;wpa nja;tq;fs;. IadhUf;F rkzf; Nfhapypy; ahid CHjpAk;>
gTj;j Nfhapypy; Fjpiu CHjpAk; ,Uf;Fk;. khupak;kd;> IadhH> Kdpag;gH topghL kl;Lky;y mz;ikf;fhykhf
gpugy;ag;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;w Iag;gd; topghL $l Mfkj;Jf;F vjpuhdJjhd;! etf;fpuf topghL $l
gpw;fhyj;jpy; tUtha;f;fhfg; GFj;jg;gl;lJjhd;!
Vd; ,q;Fs;s ve;j irthyaKk;
rpw;g> rhj;jpu> Mfk tpjpfSf;F mikaf; fl;lg;gltpy;iy! Nfhtpypd; mikg;G kdpj clk;ig xj;jjhf
mikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Nfhapy; mikg;ig tpsf;Fk; jpUke;jpuk; ,J.
'cs;sk;
ngUq;Nfhapy; CDlk;G Myak;
ts;sy; gpuhDf;F tha; NfhGu thry;
njs;sj; njspe;jhHf;Fk; rPtd; rptypq;fk;
fs;sg; Gyide;Jk; fhsh kzptpsf;Nf.'
(jpUke;jpuk;)
ekJ kdNk ngupa Nfhapy;. mf;
Nfhapypd; %yl;lhdk; jirahy; Md clk;G. md;gHfspd; Fwpg;gwpe;J nfhLj;jUSk; ,iwtDf;F thNa NfhGu thry;
MFk;. ed;F mwpe;j Qhdpfl;F Md;khNt rptypq;fkhFk;. kdijj; jpUl;L topapy; ,Oj;Jr; nry;Yk; Ie;J
Gyd;fSk; mofpa tpsf;fhFk;.
Mya mikg;G> Mztk; ,Ug;G ahTk; ek; clk;gpNyNa cs vd;gJ ,k;ke;jpuf; fUj;J MFk;. cs;sNk mk;Kjy;td; tPw;wpUe;J mUSk; fH(g;)g ,y;yhfpa ngUq;NfhapyhFk;.
,q;Fs;s gy Nfhapy;fs; Kd;ida gz;lfrhiyfs;. mq;F fUtiw> mHj;jkz;lgk;> kfhkz;lgk;> ];ehdkz;lgk;> myq;fhukz;lgk;> rghkz;lgk;> nfhbkuk;. gypgPlk;> ee;jpvJTNk ,y;iy.
NkYk; gpuhkzHfs;
fly;flf;fg;glhJ vd;gJ tpjp. me;j tpjpAk; ,d;iwa fhyj;Jf;F Vw;wthW kPwg;gl;Ls;sJ.
mJ NghyNt Nfhapy;fspy;
nja;tj;jpd; ngauhy; eilngw;w capHg; gypfs;> Njtjhrp xopg;G> muprd Myag; gpuNtrk; Mfk tpjpfSf;F
khwhf ,Ue;jNghjpYk;$l ,d;W rl;lG+Htkhf mit jilnra;ag;gl;L tpl;ld.
,t;thW
rhj;jpuq;fSk; rk;gpujhaq;fSk; kPwg;gLk;NghJ Myaq;fspy; jkpopy; Nghw;wp nra;jhy; mJ irthfk tpNuhjk;
vdTk;> rk];fpUj nkhopapy; nra;ag;gLk; Ntjhfk rk;Nksdf; fpupiffSf;F kl;LNk ke;jpurf;jp cz;nld;Wk;
fhQ;rp fhkNfhbgPl n[Nae;jpu rq;fuhr;rhupahH thjpLtjpy; nghUs; ,y;iy. mJ jkpo; kPJ mtHfSf;F
Mz;lhz;L fhykhf ,Ue;J tUk; ntWg;igAk; fho;g;igAk; ntspg;gLj;JfpwNjnahopa nka;awpit
ntspg;gLj;jtpy;iy.
Mfkj;jpy; ,lkpy;iy my;yJ mJ
Mfk tpNuhjk; vd;w MAjj;ij jkpOf;F vjpuhf vg;NghJk; Jhf;FfpwhHfNs? Mfkk; vd;why; vd;d? Mfkk;
jkpo;nkhop topghL gw;wp vd;d nrhy;fpwJ?
ePjpgjp lhf;lH v];;. kfuhrd;
jiyikapy; Nfhapy;fspy; jkpopy; topghL nra;ayhkh vd xU Mizaj;ij jkpo;ehL muR mikj;jJ. ePjpgjp
kfuhrd; FO mijapl;Lg; gbj;J Muha;e;J xU mwpf;if nfhLj;jJ.
Nfhapy;fspy; ahH mHr;rfH Mfyhk; vd;gJgw;wp Mfkq;fs; $Wtjhff; $WfpwhHfs;.
me;j
Mfkk;gw;wpAk; Mfkq;fspy; Vw;gl;Ls;s ,ilr;nrUfy; gw;wpAk; ePjpgjp
lhf;lH v];. kfuhrd;
FO
tpsf;FfpwJ.
1) Mfkq;fspy; fhkpf> fhuz> m[pj> rf];u> Rg;uNgj> utut> kFl> kjq;f> uz> thJs
vd;gtw;wpd; gFjpfs; rk];fpUjj;jpy; mr;rpy; ntspte;Js;sd. Mfkq;fspy; GJr;Nrup gpuQ;R Muha;r;rp
epiyaj;jpy;
(French Institute
of Indology)
,uz;L Mfk Vl;Lr; Rtbfs; ,Jtiu fpilj;Js;sd. cg Mfkq;fspy; gT];fu> gpUNfe;jpu>
Fkhuje;jpu vd;gdTk; mr;rhfpAs;sd.
2) fpilf;fpd;w
Mfk Vl;Lr; Rtbfs; ahTk; neLq;fhyj;Jf;F Kd;dNk njhlq;fp>
xd;iwg; ghHj;J xd;iw vOjpj; njhlHghf te;jdthFk;. ,tw;iwg; ngUk;ghYk; rpthr;rhupahHfNs
itj;jpUe;jhHfs;. fhyg;Nghf;fpy; xU VL rpjpykhfg; Nghfpd;w
epiyapy;> xUtH mijg; ghHj;J kw;nwhd;iw vOjpitj;Jf; nfhz;l NghJ> jhd; mtrpankd;W fUjpatw;iwAk;
Gjpjhf vOjpr; NrHj;Jf; nfhz;lhH vd;W epidf;f ,lKz;L. MfNt
ekf;F ,d;W fpilf;fpd;wit Mfkr; Rtbfs; my;y. topghL vd;gJ khwpf;nfhz;L tUfpd;w xUnewp mijf; $Wfpd;w
MfkKiw khwpf;nfhz;Nl te;jpUf;fpwJ vd;gjpy;
3) khupak;kd; vd;w Njtij
topghL rpWNjtij topghl;ilr; NrHe;jJ. ve;jr;
khupg;
gpujpl;il rpthfkj;jpy; nrhy;y Ntz;ba nghUs;y. MapDk; gpw;fhyj;jpy; xU rpthr;rhupahH jd;
ifr;Rtbapy; ,ij vOjp itj;Jf; nfhs;s ,JTk; fhuzhfkj;jpy; xU gFjpahf ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.
,J ,ilr; nrUfy; vd;gJ njspT.
,e;jg; gjpg;ghsH fhuzhfkj;jpd; ,Wjpapy; gj;jpufhsp cw;rtk;
ehfg;gpujpl;il vd;w ,uz;L mj;jpahaq;fs; (10 RNyhfq;fs;)
,e;j Mfk Vl;Lr; Rtbapy;> NtW ,lj;jpypUe;J vLj;J NrHf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwijf; fz;L> mtw;iw XH mEge;jkha;
mr;rpLtjhfr; nrhy;ypapUf;fpd;whH. Mdhy;>
,itfSk;
fhuzhfkj;jpd; gFjp vd;Nw kw;wtHfs; fUJthHfs;. ,JNghd;w NtW
rpy gFjpfSk; ,Uf;ff;$Lk;. ekf;F ,d;W NtWghL njupahky; vy;yhk; xd;whfp
tpl;ld. khup vd;w jkpo;g; ngaH ,d;W kfhkhup vd;Wk;> tlnkhop apy; rPjyhNjtp vd;Wk; ngaH
ngw;Wtpl;ld.
4) fhkpfhfk ];ehd
tpjpg;glyk; 109-MtJ RNyhfj;jpy; Gj;jH (rhf;fpaH)>
rkzH
(epHfe;jH) MfpNahupd; epHkhy;aj;ijg; Grpg;gtH> gpw kjj;jtH KjypNahuhy; jPz;lg;gl;lhy;> ];ehdk;
nra;aNtz;L vd;W nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,f;fUj;ijNa rpy Mfkq;fs; rkz gTj;j rkaq;fisf; Fiw $Wtjhf
v];.v]; #upaehuhaz rh];jpupAk; njuptpj;Js;shH (rpfz;lupd; rpthj;J itjk;).
jkpo;ehl;by; ,e;j kjq;fspd; njhlHG RkhH fp.K. 3-2 Mk; E}w;
whz;Lfspy; Vw;gl;lJ vd;W Md;NwhH fUJfpd;wdH. ,tHfs;gw;wpa Fwpg;G Mfk E}ypy; ,lk;ngWfpwJ vd;why;>
mf;fUj;Jf;fs; ,d;Dk; rpy E}w;whz;Lfs; gpw;gl;Nl ,lk; ngw;wpUf;fNtz;Lk;;.
mjhtJ rkzH kJiuapy; Mjpf;fk;
ngw;wpUe;j fhykhfpa fp..gp 3-6-Mk; E}w;whz;Lfspy; ,j;jifa tpjpfs; tFf;
fg;gl;bUf;fyhk; vd;W fUjj; Njhd;WfpwJ. Mdhy;> fhkpfk;>
fhuzk; Nghd;w
gpujhdkhd rpy Mfkq;fs; gy fhuzq;fshy; fp.K. 6 Mk; E}w;whz;Lf;F Kw;gl;bUf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W nfhs;s
,lkpUf;fpwJ. MfNt fhkpfhfkj;jpy;
,g;gb
xU tpjpia ehk; ,g;NghJ fhZk;NghJ> ,J kpfTk; gpw;gl;l fhyj;jpy;
Mfkj;jpy;
NrHf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ
vd;Nw KbT nra;a Ntz;bapUf;fpwJ.
Mjyhy;
Mfkq;fspy; ,ilr; nrUfy; epfo;e;Js;sd vd;W vz;Ztjw;F
,JTk; kw;nwhU rhd;whfpwJ.
5) itzt
rkaj;jpy; ghQ;ruhj;jpu Mfkj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; RNyhfq;fs; gpd;tUkhW::
'Uf; aR]; rhk Ntjh]; glj;gp gpU\;lj rpij'
'fhaj; gp mf;Nu Njt];a jpukpB RUjp cj;jkh"
(RNyhf 231> 232)
,jd; nghUshtJ> ,Uf;F> aRH
rhk Ntjq;fisg; ghuhazk; nra;gtHfs;
jkpopy; mHr;rid nra;tJ Mfkj;Jf;F cld;ghNl!
Mfkq;fspy; Vw;gl;Ls;s ,ilr;nrUfy; gw;wp ePjpgjp lhf;lH v];. kfuhrd;
FO
NkYk; nrhy;ypapUg;gjhtJ.
(6) xNu
Mfkj;jpw;Fg; gy ,lq;fspypUe;Jk; fpilf;fpd;w ntt;NtW gbfs;
ntt;Ntwhd mj;jpahaq;fisAk; RNyhfq;fisAk; ngw;wpUf;ff;
fhz;fpNwhk;. ,jdhy;
,t;
(7) Mfkq;fis cyFf;F
ntspg;gLj;jpa up\pfSila Fyj;ij Muha;e;jhy;
(8) fhyj;jpd; Njitia
mDrupj;J ,uhkhErH Nghd;w rka Mr;rhupaHfs; Mfk rhj;jpu mDl;lhdj;jpy; ngUk; khWjy;fisAk;
rPHjpUj;jq;fisAk; nra;jpUf;fpwhHfs;.
(9) vjpHg;G ,Ue;Jk; $l>
Njitia mDrupj;Jk; r%feyidAk; Kd;Ndw;wj;ijAk; fUj;jpy;
nfhz;Lk; ,e;jpa muR ,e;J-yh-tpy; rl;lr; rPHjpUj;jq;fs;
gytw;iwr; nra;jpUf;fpwJ.
(10) fhyj;jpd; Njitia
mDrupj;Jk; r%f eyidAk; Kd;Ndw;wj;ijAk; fUj;jpy; nfhz;Lk;
jkpo;ehL muR Mfkj;jpw;F khWgl;l rpy rl;lq;fisr; nra;jpUf;fpwJ.