murpay; fsk;
ef;fPud; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy;
NghUk;
gTj;j rkaKk;
(11)
nrd;wKiw Gj;juhy; gTj;j rkaj;jtUf;Fk; tpjpf;fg;gl;l gQ;r rPyq;fs; vitnad;gijAk;
gTj;j NjuHfSf;F gQ;rrPyq;fis cs;slf;fpa jr rPyq;fs; vitnad;gijAk; fz;Nlhk;. gQ;r rPyq;fs; vd;git
nfhy;yhik> fs;shik> fhkkpd;ik> ngha;ahik> Gwq;$whik vd;gtdthFk;>
,tw;NwhL gTj;j NjuHfSf;F tpjpf;fg;gl;l Ie;J rPyq;fs; Mtd td;nrhy; ,ak;ghik.
gadpy;nrhy; nkhopahik> nt/fhik> ntFshik> ew;fhl;rp vd;gdthFk;.
,e;j gTj;jkj Nfhl;ghLfspd; jhf;fKk; nry;thf;Fk; jpUf;FwspYk; vjpnuhypg;gijg;
ghHj;Njhk;.
jpUf;Fwspd;; 31tJ mjpfhuk; nfhy;yhikgw;wpf; $WfpwJ. 29tJ mjpfhuk; fs;shik gw;wp
etpy;fpwJ.15tJ mjpfhuKk; 92tJ mjpfhuKk; KiwNa gpwd; ,y; tpioahik> tiutpd; kfspH gw;wpg; NgRfpd;wd.
40tJ mjpfhuk; tha;ik mjhtJ ngha;ahik gw;wpf; $WfpwJ. 19tJ mjpfhuk; Gwq;$whik gw;wpvLj;Jr; nrhy;fpwJ.
10tJ mjpfhuk; ,dpait $wy;gw;wpf; $WfpwJ. 20tJ mjpfhuk; gadpy;nrhy; $whik gw;wpf; $WfpwJ. 18tJ
mjpfhuk; nt/fhik gw;wpf; $WfpwJ. 31tJ mjpdhuk; ntFshik gw;wp ,ak;GfpwJ. ,t;thW Gj;j jHkj;jpd; mjhtJ
Gj;jH Nghjpj;j jrrPyk; jpUf;Fwspy; mg;gbNa ifahsg;gl;bUg;gJ ftdpf;fj; jf;fJ.
jpUts;StH Gj;jUf;Fg; gpd; RkhH 500 Mz;Lfs; fopj;J tho;e;jtH. mtH fhyj;jpy; jkpo;
ehl;by; gTj;jKk; rkzKk; nry;thf;Fg; ngw;W tpsq;fpd. vdNt gTj;j rkaj;jpd; jhf;fKk; nry;thf;Fk;
jpUf;Fwspy;> Fwpg;ghf mwj;Jg; ghypy;> vjpnuhypg;gjpy; tpag;NgJk; ,y;iy.
ehk; tpUk;ghj nghUs;fs; Jf;fj;ij tpistpf;fpd;wd. ehk; tpUk;Gk; nghUs;fs;
fpilf;fhj NghdhYk; Jf;fk; cz;lhfpwJ.
,e;jf; fUj;J jpUf;Fws; mwj;Jg; ghy; mjpfhuk; 37 mth mWj;jy;. Fws; 368y;
nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ.
"mth,y;yhHf;F ,y;yhFk; Jd;gk;> m/Jz;Nly;
,jd; nghUs; Mir mw;wtUf;F Jd;gk; ,y;iy. Mir cilahHf;Fj; Jd;gk; njhlHe;J tUk;.
Mirjhd; Jd;gj;jpw;Ff; fhuzk; vd;gJk;> mij mWj;jhy; kl;LNk tPLNgW fpilf;Fk; vd;gJ gTj;jj;jpw;Fk; ,e;J
rkaj;Jf;Fk; nghJthd cz;ikahFk;.
"Mir mWkpd; Mir mWkpd;
vdj; jpUke;jpuk; rhw;WtJ <z;L ftdpf;fj;jf;fJ.
gpwtpf;Ff; fhuzk; Mir vd;fpwJ gTj;jk;. Miria mWj;jhy; kl;LNk gpwtpj; Jd;gj;jpy;
,Ue;J kPsKbAk;. ,e;jf; fUj;ij mth mWj;jy; mjpfhuj;jpy; tUk; Fws; 361njuptpf;fpwJ.
"mthvd;g vy;yh capHf;Fk;vQ; Qhd;Wk;
vy;yh capHfSf;Fk; vf;fhyj;Jk; gpwtpf;F tpj;J Mir vd;W $WtH.
rq;f fhy r%fj;jpy; kJ cz;gJk;> Gyhy; cz;gJk;> guj;ijaH cwTk;> fhkf;fpsj;jpaH
kzKk; ,ay;ghff; fUjg; gl;lJ. Mdhy; ,itnay;yhk; jpUf;Fwspy; kpfj; jPtpukhff; fbe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.
,jw;Ff; fhuzk; gTj;j-rkz rkaq;fspd; jhf;fKk; nry;thf;Fk; MFk;..
gy mbg;gil tpOkpaq;fs; vy;yh kf;fSk; nghJthf ,Ug;gJ Nehf;fj;jf;fJ. gpw capHfsplk;
md;Gfhl;l Ntz;Lk;> gpw capHfisf; nfhy;yf;$lhJ> nfhy;tJ ghtk;> ngha; nrhy;yf; $lhJ vg;NghJk; nka;Na
Ngr Ntz;Lk;> gpwHnghUisj; jpUlf; $lhJ> jpULtJ Fw;wk; ,itahTk; kdpj rKjhaj;jpw;F nghJthd
tpOkpaq;fshFk;> ,e;j tpOkpaq;fis vy;yhr; rkaKk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sd.
,dp ,yq;ifapy; gTj;j rkaj;jpd; tUif> tsHr;rp gw;wp rpwpJ tpupthfg; ghHg;Nghk;.
mNrhfr; rf;futHj;jpapd; gps;isfshd kfpe;j NjuUk; rq;fkpj;ijANk gTj;j rkaj;ij ,yq;ifapy; gug;gpatHfs;
vd;gij Kd;dNu nrhd;Ndhk;. mDuhjGuj;ij Mz;l Njtek;gpa jPrNd gTj;j kjj;ijj; jOtpf; nfhz;l Kjy; ,yq;if
murdhthd;. ,td; ehfH ,dj;ijr; NrHe;jtd;.
,yq;ifapd; tuyhw;wpy; ,J xU Kf;fpa jpUg;Gkidahff; fUjg;gLfpwJ.
,yq;ifapd;tuyhw;iwf; $Wk; kfhtk;rk; vd;w gTj;j ,jpfhrk; kfpe;j Njuupd; tUifiaAk; Njtek;gpa jPrdpd;
Gj;jkjg; gpuNtrj;ijAk; kpfTk; rpyhfpj;Jf; $WfpwJ.
khfhtk;r MrpupaH ,yq;ifapd; tuyhw;iw tp[aDk; mtdJ vOEhW NjhoHfNshL
tUifNahLjhd;Muk;gpf;fpwhH. mJkl;Lk; my;yhJ tp[ad; Gj;jH gupepHthzk; mile;j mNj ehspy;jhd; ,yq;ifia
mile;jhd; vd;W Gj;jupd; gupepHthzj;Jf;Fk; tp[adpd; tUiff;Fk; Kbr;Rg; NghLfpwhH. mtH vOjpapUg;gjhtJ.
"itafk; tho;e;jpl topfhl;batd;. G+TyNfhiu newpg;gLj;jp Rk;kh ,Uf;Fk; caH epiyia
mile;jJk;> NjtH kj;jpapy; epHthzkha; rha;e;jpUe;j caH QhdpAk;> thf;fpy;
caHe;NjhDk;> mUNf epd;w NjNte;jpudplk; $wpajhtJ> "yhyh" (Lala) ehl;bypUe;J rpq;fghFtpd; ike;jdhfpa tp[ad;> jd; NjhoHfs; vOEhw;WtUld; ,yq;ifia te;jile;Js;shd;. NjNte;jpuNd! vdJ ey;ywk; ,yq;ifapNyNa epiyj;J epw;fk;. MfNt> mtidAk; mtdJ NjhoHfisAk; ,yq;ifiaAk; mLj;j Iahapuk; Mz;L fhyj;Jf;F ghJfhg;ghaf!" vdg; Gj;jH me;j Kg;gj;J Kf;Nfhb NjtHfsJ murdhd NjNte;jpuid> NjtHfSf;Fk; Njtid> Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhH."
NghUk;
gTj;j rkaKk;
(12)
,d;ndhU ,lj;jpy; rpq;fs-ngsj;jHfspd; tuyhw;W Ehy; vd;W Fwpg;gpLk; kfhtk;rk;>
,yq;ifia ehfH> ,af;fH vd;w G+HtPf Fbkf;fs; Mz;l fhyj;jpy; nfsjk Gj;jH xU mf;fpdp Rthiyahfj; Njhd;wp
tp\;ZTf;F (rf;funja;nah) ,yq;ifapy; ngsj;jkjk; 5000 Mz;LfSf;Fg; ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W fl;lis
,l;ljhff; $Wfpd;wJ.
nfsjk
Gj;jHgw;wp ,e;j kfhtk;r MrpupaH vOjp itj;j fw;gidf; fijNa ,d;iwa ,dg; gpur;rpidf;F %yhjhuf; fhuzk;
vd;gJ epidT $uj;jf;fJ. ,/J ""kfhtk;r kdg;Nghf;F (Mahavamsa
mind-set)
vd tHzpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
mDuhjGuj;ij Mz;l Njtek;gpa murd; gTj;j kjj;ijj; jOtpf; nfhz;lJ ,yq;ifapd;
tuyhw;wpy; xU jpUg;GKid vd;W Kd;dH nrhd;Ndhk;. ,jd; gpd;dH gTj;j kjk; Vwf;Fiwa mur kjk; vd;w
me;j];ijg; ngw;wJ. gTj;j kjj;jpw;F murHfspd; MjuT ,Ue;J te;jJ. gTj;jHfs; my;yhj vy;yhsd; Nghd;w jkpo;
kd;dHfs; mDuhjGuj;ij Mz;l fhyj;jpYk; gTj;j kjk; mur Mjuitg; ngw;W tpsq;fpaJ. fhyg; Nghf;fpy; muRf;Fk;
gTj;j rq;fj;Jf;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s cwTgw;wpa kuGfs; vOe;jd.
KjyhtJ gTj;j rq;fj;ij guhkupf;f Ntz;ba nghWg;G murHfsJk; kf;fsJk; jiyaha flik
vd;gJ Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,uz;lhtJ muRf;Fr; NrUk; tUkhdj;jpd; xU gFjp gTj;j tpfhiufs; fl;lTk;>
gTj;j Jhgpfs; epWtTk; nrytopf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ tpjpahf;fg; gl;lJ. %d;whtJ gTj;j rkaj;ijg;
ghJfhf;Fk; nghWg;G murHfsJ flikfspy; xd;whf tFf;fg;gl;lJ.
gTj;j NjuHfSf;F tpjpf;fg;gl;l xOf;fyhWfs; tPda vdg;gLk;. ,jd; mbg;gilapNyNa gTj;j
NjuHfs; jq;fsJ JwT tho;f;ifia Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j tpjpfspy; xd;W gTj;j NjuHfs; gpr;ir vLj;Nj
cz;z Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;.Mdhy; gTj;j NjuHfspd; vz;zpf;if Mapuf;fzf;fpy; mjpfupj;jNghJ mtHfs; vy;NyhUk;
gpr;ir vLj;J kl;LNk cz;z Ntz;Lk; vd;w tpjpiaf; filg;gpbj;J xOFtJ eilKiwrhj;jpaj;jpw;F xj;J tUtjhf
,Uf;ftpy;iy.
,jdhy; ehlhSk; murNd nghJj; jpiwr;Nrupapy; ,Ue;J gTj;j NjuHfSf;F cz;bAk;>
ciwASk;> cilAk; nfhLj;Jg; guhkupf;f Ntz;ba fl;lhak; Vw;gl;lJ. rkagf;jp epiwe;j murHfs; gTj;j rq;fj;ij
Mjupg;gJk; mjd; Njitfis epiwT nra;tJ jq;fsJ Gdpj flikfspy; xd;whff; fUjpr; nray;gl;lhHfs;.
murHfs; gTj;j rq;fj;jpd; guhkupg;Gf;F Vuhskhd fhzpfis epte;jkhf mspj;jhHfs;.
,jdhy; gTj;j rq;fk; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; cs;s kpfg; ngupa epyTilikahsuhf tpsq;fpaJ. ,e;j epyTlik gTj;j
rq;fj;jpd; mjpfhuj;ijAk;> r%fj;jpd; kPjhd mjd; nghUshjhu Nkyhz;ikiaAk; mjpfupfr; nra;jJ. ,jdhy;
fhyg;Nghf;fpy; gTj;j rq;fk; muridAk; murd; gTj;j rq;fj;ijAk; mDrupj;J thOk; epiy Vw;gl;lJ.
fTjk Gj;jupd; gupepHthzj;jpd; gpd;dH gTj;jk; fPdahdk; vd;fpd;w rpWtop> kfhahdk;
vd;fpd;w ngUtop vd ,uz;L ngUk; gpupTfshfg; gpsTgl;lij Kd;dNu Fwpg;gpl;Nlhk;.,e;jg; gpstpd; vjpnuhyp
mDuhjGu ,uhr;rpaj;jpYk; Nfl;lJ.
fPdahdk; my;yJ Njuthjg; gpupit goikthj gTj;jk; vd miof;fyhk;. Njuthjk; vd;why;
ngupNahHfs; nrhd;dJ vd;gJ nghUshFk;.
Njuthj gTj;jk; gTj;j jHkj;ij Vwf;Fiwa Gj;jupd; Nghjidfshd fUiz> ey;nyhOf;fk;
Nghd;w mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghLfis vspajhfTk; njspthfTk; itj;jpUf;f tpUk;gpaJ. Fwpg;ghf Gj;jiu nja;t
epiyf;F caHj;j mJ tpUk;gtpy;iy> Jf;f epthuzj;Jf;F ml;lhq;f khHf;fj;jpy; xOFtNj xNu top vd mJ
nrhy;ypw;W. kdpjd; Mirfisj;Jwe;jhy; kl;Lk; NghjhJ jdJ nrhe;j Kaw;rpapd; %yNk tPLNgW milayhk;. mJNt
Jd;gk; epiwe;j cyf tho;f;ifapy; ,Ue;J tpLgLtjw;F top vdr; nrhy;ypaJ.
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf xU gTj;j NjuH Gj;jupd; ey;y rPluhf xOfp> jrrPy xOf;fj;ij
rupahff;filg;gpbj;jhy; mtH epHthzk; milayhk;. mg;gb epHthzk; mile;jhy; mtH gpwg;ig mWj;jtuhthH.
kWgpwg;G vd;nwhd;W mtUf;F ,y;iy.
,Nj rkak; Njuthjk; itjPf rkaq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; gf;jp> gutrk;> nja;tPfk;> Nghd;w
ftHr;rpahd mk;rq;fs; ,y;yhJ vspikahf tpsq;fpaJ m/J mjd; gytPdkhfTk; ,Ue;jJ. mw;Gjq;fisAk>
mjpraq;fisAk;> Nfspf;iffisAk; tpUk;gpa kf;fSf;F Njuthj gTj;jk; ftw;rp mw;wjhff; fhl;rp mspj;jJ.
kWGwk; kfhad gTj;jk; Gj;jiu Nghjprj;JtH epiyf;F caHj;jpaJ. Gj;jH CopNjhWk; ,Ue;J
tUfpd;w Nghjprj;JtH vd;Wk; mtH gupepHthzk; miltijj; jtpHj;J kdpjHfsJ tPL NgWf;F topfhZk; tz;zk;
fhye;NjhWk; ,we;J gpwf;fpwhH vd;W $wpaJ.
Nghjprj;JtH jdJ jt typikahYk;> Md;kPfr; rpwg;ghYk; vy;yh capHfsJ Nkhl;rj;jpw;Fk;
Jizahf mUs;ghypf;fpwhH vd;Wk; $wpaJ. NtW tpjkhff; $wpd; Nghjprj;JtH jdJ epHthzj;Jf;F ,y;yhky; Vida
capHfsJ epHthzj;Jf;F mUs;ghypf;fpwhH vd;gjhFk;.
,g;gb Nghjprj;Jtiu nja;t epiyf;F caHj;jpajd; %yk; kfhad gTj;jk; gTj;j rkaj;ij xU
rlq;F> rk;gpujhaq;fs;> tpohf;fs; epiwe;j ,jpfhr rkakhf khw;wpaJ. Fwpg;ghf Gj;jH flTshf kjpf;fg;gl;L
topghl;Lf;F cupatuhf khw;wg;gl;lhH. mtuJ cUtj;ij rpiyahf tbj;J mjid topghL nra;Ak; tof;fk; vOe;jJ.
Nghjprj;JtH NjtHfSf;Fk; Njtd; vd;Wk; mtH mz;l ruhruq;fs; NjhWk; fhyj;ijAk; ,lj;ijAk;
fle;Jepw;gtuhfTk; Nghw;wg;gl;lhH. ,jdhy; Jf;f epthuzj;Jf;Fupa ml;lhq;f khHf;fk; kl;LNk
gupepHthzj;Jf;Fupa xNu khHf;fk; vd;w Nfhl;ghL iftplg;gl;lJ.
gTj;j kjj;jpy; ,e;j Gjpa kfhad gTj;j Nfhl;ghLfisg; GFj;jpa jj;Jt
MrpupaHfshfehfhHr;RdhTk;>Mupa NjtUk; vz;zg;gLfpwhHfs;. ehfHr;Rdh Me;jpuhitg; gpwg;gplkhff; nfhz;ltH.
MupaNjtH rpq;fs mur guk;giuapy; te;jtH vd;w xU IjPfk; epyTfpwJ. ,e;jg; gpd;dzpapy; ,yq;ifapy; kfhad
gTj;jk; Njuthj gTj;jj;jpw;Fg; Nghl;bahf gutMuk;gpj;jJ.
NghUk;
gTj;j rkaKk;
(13)
kfhad gTj;jj;jpw;F mgafpup tpfhiuapy; Gfyplk; fpilj;jJ. mgafpup tpfhiu tl;lfhkpdp
mgad; vd;w murdJ fhyj;jpy; (fp.K. 103) kfhtpfhiuf;Fg; Nghl;bahf epWtg;gl;lJ.
mgafpup tpfhiuj; NjuHfSf;Fk; kfhtpfhiuj; NjuHfSf;Fk; ,ilapy; gTj;jkj Nfhl;ghLfs;>
jj;Jtq;fs;> NjuHfSf;F tpjpf;fg;gl;l fl;Lg;ghLfs; gw;wp fUj;J Kuz;ghLfs; vOe;jd. mtw;iwapl;L fhurhukhd
tpthjq;fSk; mtHfSf;F ,ilNa XahJ ele;jd. Gj;jupd; NghjidfSf;F ntt;NtW tpahf;fpahdq;fs; tiuag;gl;ld.
mgafpup tpfhiu kfhad gTj;jj;jpd; Nfhl;ilahfTk;> kfhtpfhiu fPdahd gTj;jj;jpd; xU gpupthd Njuthj
gTj;jj;jpd; Nfhl;ilahfTk; tpsq;fpd.
kfhtk;rk; kfhad gTj;jj;ij itJy;athjk; my;yJ tpjz;lhthjk; vd;W miof;fpwJ.
gf;jpa jPrd; (fp.gp.209-231) mDuhjGuj;ij Mz;lNghJ kfhtpfhiuiar; rhHe;j NjuHfs;
kfhad gTj;jk; cz;ikahd gTj;;jk; my;y vd;gij mtDf;F vLj;Jr; nrhy;ypmtid ek;gitj;jdH. ,jdhy; murdJ MjuT
Njuthj gTj;jk; gf;fk; jpUk;gpaJ. mgafpup tpfhiu NjuHfs; mur mlf;FKiwf;Fk; Gwf;fzpg;Gf;Fk; MshdhHfs;.
,e;j kfhtpfhiu - mgafpup tpfhiufSf;F ,ilapyhd NkhjYf;Ff; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jtH
jkpofj;jpy;,Ue;J ,yq;iff;Fr; nrd;w xU jkpo;j; NjuH vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
gTj;jk; vd;why; mJ KOf;f KOf;f rpq;fs gTj;jk;> rpq;fs kf;fSf;F kl;LNk cupa rkak;
vd;w khaia rpq;fs ,jpfhr - tuyhw;W MrpupaHfs; Njhw;Wtpj;Js;shHfs;.
kzpNkfiyf; fhg;gpaj;ij ,aw;wpa rPj;jiyr; rhj;jdhH> ciwA+H kw;Wk;
fhtpupg;gl;bdj;jpy; tho;e;J ghyp nkhopapy; gTj;j ciuEhy;fis vOjpa Gj;jjj;jH> kzpNkfiyapy;
Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;w mwtz mbfs;> ehfjj;jH> rq;fkpj;jH Nghd;wtHfs; gTj;j rkak; ,e;jpahtpy; kl;Lky;y fly;
fle;Jk; ,yq;if> rPdh> jha;yhe;J ehLfSf;Fk; gutr;nra;jtHfs; MthHfs;.
jkpo;j; NjuHfs; ghypnkhopapy; vOjpa gTj;jrka Ehy;fs; ,d;Wk; rPdh> jha;yhe;J
Nghd;wehLfspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
Gj;jjj;jH
"mgpjHktj;ju" "tPda tpdpr;ra" vd;w ciu Ehy;fis ghyp nkhopapy; vOjpAs;shH. ,d;ndhU Gfo;G+j;j NjuH
ehye;jh gTj;j gy;fiyf; fofj;jpd; Jiz Nte;juhf ,Ue;j NghjpjHkH MthH. KjyhtJ guhf;fpukghFtpd; Ml;rpf;
fhyj;jpy; mtdJ miog;gpd; Ngupy; ,yq;if nrd;W gTj;j [hjpf;f fijfis rpq;fsj;jpy; nkhopngaHj;jtHxU
jkpo;j; NjuH MthH.
NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l rq;fkpj;jHjhd; fp.gp. 3k; Ehw;whz;by; ,yq;iff;Fr; nrd;W kfhad
gTj;jj;ijg; gug;gpg; Gfo;ngw;w NjuH MthH.
mg;NghJ ,yq;ifia Mz;l kd;dd; mgad; Mthd;. rq;fkpj;jupd; tUifia vjpHj;jkfhtpfhiu
NjuHfs; kd;ddplk; mtiug;gw;wp Kiwapl;lhHfs;.
kd;dd; kfhtpfhiu NjuHfspd; Kiwg;ghl;ilj; jPHj;J itf;f xU GJ topiaf;
fz;Lgpbj;jhd;. jdJ Kd;dpiyapy; rq;fkpj;j NjuNuhL kfhtpfhiuiar; rhHe;j NjuHfs; gTj;jkj Nfhl;ghLfs;
gw;wp tpthjpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; me;j tpthjj;jpy; ahH nty;fpwhHfNsh mtHfSf;Fj; jdJ Mjuit
mspf;fg;NghtjhfTk; murd; mwptpj;jhd;.
rq;fkpj;jH me;j tpthjj;jpy; ntw;wpthif #bdhH. murd; thf;FWjp mspj;jgb jdJ Mjuit
mgafpup tpfhiuj; NjuHfSf;F mspj;jhd;. mj;NjhL jdJ ,uz;L kf;fSf;Fk; fy;tp fw;gpf;f rq;fkpj;j NjuiuNa
epakpj;jhd;. gpd;dH ,tHfspy; xUtdhd kfhNrdd; Ml;rpf;F te;jNghJ kfhtpfhiuiar; NrHe;j gTj;j NjuHfis
kf;fs; Mjupf;ff; $lhnjdf; fl;lis gpwg;gpj;jhd;. ,jdhy; mur Mjuit ,oe;j kfhtpfhiu NjuHfs; mDuhjGuj;ij
tpl;L ePq;fp njd;dpyq;iff;Ff; FbngaHe;jhHfs;.
kfhNrdd; kfhtpfhiuia Kw;whf ,bj;Jtpl;L
me;j ,lj;jpy; Gjpjhf mgafpup tpfhiuiaf; fl;Ltpj;J me;j tpfhiuia rq;fkpj;juplk; ifaspj;jhd;.
Njuthj gTj;jj;ijg; Gwq;fhz;gjpy; kfhad gTj;jk; kl;Lk; jdpahf ,aq;ftpy;iy.
mDuhjGuj;jpy; mg;NghJ NtW rkaq;fSk; nry;thf;NfhL tpsq;fpd. Gj;jrkaj;jpd; tUiff;F Kd;dH ,Ue;j
kjtopghl;LKiw> itjPfkjk;> rkzkjk;> je;jpuPf gTj;jk; Nghd;wit mtw;Ws; Kf;fpakhdit MFk;.
gz;ila kjtopghl;L Kiw ngUk;ghYk; rpW nja;t topghl;bidf; nfhz;ljhf ,Ue;jJ. fhld;>
khld;> Kdp Nghd;w rpWnja;;tq;fSf;F gyp nfhLf;Fk; tof;fKk;. nghq;fy;>G+ir nra;Ak; tof;fKk;>
jPf;Fopg;gJ NgahLtJ Nghd;w tof;fq;fSk; ,Ue;jd. kf;fs; NehAw;why; mJ Nga;fshy; Vw;gLfpd;wJ vd;w
ek;gpf;if ,Ue;jJ. mg;gbg;gl;l Nga;fis Xl;l G+rhupfs; Ntg;gpiy mbj;J ke;jpuk;nrgpg;gJk;> kil NghLtJk;>
khe;jpuPfk; nra;tJk; tof;fj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ. gQ;rk; jiytpupj;j fhyj;jpYk;> kio ngha;j;j fhyj;jpYk;>
nfhs;is Neha; te;j fhyj;jpYk; mtw;iw ePf;FkhW nja;tq;fis Ntz;bf; nfhs;s nghq;fy;> G+ir topghL
nra;ag;gl;ld. ML Nfhopfs; capHg;gyp nfhLf;fg;gl;ld.
,d;Wk; fpuhkk;Gw rpq;fs-gTj;j kf;fspd; md;whl tho;f;ifapy; ,e;j kuGtopghl;L
ek;gpf;ifAk; nry;thf;Fk; ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. gTj;j rka itgtq;fspy; gTj;j NjuHfs; gpupj; XJk; tof;fk; Kd;ida
kuGKiw topghl;bd; vr;r nrhr;rk; vd;gJ ftdpf;fj;jf;fJ. jpupgPlfk; Nghd;w gTj;jrkaEhy;fspy; fhzg;gLk;
RNyhfq;fNs ,e;j gpupj; Xjypd;NghJ gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
,yq;ifapy; ,e;Jkjk; Nghd;w itjPf rkaj;ijg; Gwq;fz;L gTj;jk; gutpdhYk;
,e;Jrkaj;jpd; nry;thf;if mjdhy; Kw;whf xopf;f Kbatpy;iy. fhyg;Nghf;fpy; ,e;J kjj;jpd; nry;thf;F gTj;j
topghl;by; NkYk; mjpfupj;jJ.
NghUk;
gTj;j rkaKk;
(14)
,e;Jf; Nfhtpy;fs; gTj;j tpfhiuf;F mUfhikapy; vOg;gg;gl;ld. gTj;j rkaj;ij Mjupj;j
murHfs; ,e;Jf; Nfhtpy;fSf;Fk; MjuT toq;fp te;jhHfs;. ahfk; nra;jy;> jpUtpohf;fs; nra;jy; Nghd;w
gpuhkzpa rlq;Ffis mtHfs; nra;tpj;jhHfs;.
njd;dpe;jpahtpy; ele;j r%f> murpay;> rka khw;wq;fs; fhuzkhf ,e;Jkjj;jpd;
nry;thf;F mDuhjGu ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; gpw;fhyg; gFjpapy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ. fpwp];jt rfhg;jj;jpw;F
Kd;dUk; gpd;dUk; njd;dpe;jpahtpy; Gj;jkjk; ed;whf Nt&d;wp ,Ue;jij Kd;dH fz;Nlhk;. Me;jpuhtpy;
ehfHr;Rdhnfhz;lh> jkpofj;jpy; fhQ;rp gTj;j rkak; nry;thf;NfhL tpsq;fpa efuq;fshFk;. njd;dpe;jpa gTj;j
gPlq;fSf;Fk; ,yq;ifg; gTj;j gPlq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; neUf;fkhd cwT ,Ue;J te;jJ. ,yq;ifg; gTj;j gPlj;jhy;
fl;lg;gl;l tpfhiu xd;W ehfHRdhnfhz;lhtpy; ,Ue;jJ. njd;dpe;jpahtpy; fhzg;gl;l gy;NtW gpupTfisr; NrHe;j
gTj;j NjuHfs; ,yq;iff;Fr; nrd;W gTj;jrkak; gutg; ghLgl;lhHfs;.
Mdhy; Kd;dH Fwpg;gpl;lJNghy; fp.gp. Mwhk; Ehw;whz;by; njd;dpe;jpahtpy; Njhd;wpa
irtrka kWkyHr;rpf;Fg; gpd; gTj;jrkak; tPo;r;rpaila Muk;gpj;jJ. tlf;Nf xwprh Nghd;w gpuNjrj;jpy;
kl;Lk; Mq;fhq;Nf gTj;j rka nry;thf;Ff; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,e;j tPo;r;rpf;Fg; gpd;dH gTj;j kjk; jiyJhf;fNt
,y;iy.
,yq;ifj;jPtpd; murpaypy; jkpof ghz;ba Nrho muRfspd; jiyaPL vy;yhsd; fhye;njhl;L
,Ue;J te;jJ. gjpNdhuhk; Ehw;whz;by; Nrhog; NguuR ,yq;ifkPJ Nkw;nfhz;l ghupa gilnaLg;Gf;fs; Vohk;
Ehw;whz;by; jiyJhf;fpa gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; nry;thf;F NkYk; tYg;ngw topNfhypaJ.
gf;jp ,af;fj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l G+ir topghLfs;> rupif> fpupif> ke;jpuje;jpuk;>
,iwgf;jp %yk; xUtd; tPLNgw;iw milayhk; vd;w Nfhl;ghL kfhad gTj;jj;jpy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ. ,jdhy;
gTj;jk; xU jj;Jtk; my;yJ tho;f;if newp vd;w mfg;G+ir topghl;L epiyapy; ,Ue;J tpyfp Gwg;G+irfspy;
<LgLk; xU rkakhf khwpaJ.
,jdhy; gTj;j ,jpfhrq;fspy; ,e;Jj; nja;tq;fshd cGYtd;> rhkd;> ehjd;> JthughyfHfs;
,lk;ngwyhapdH. tpfhiufspy; ,tHfsJ rpiyfs; itf;fg;gl;L topglg; gl;ldH. ,e;j khw;wk; fp.gp. 10k;
Ehw;whz;by; ,lk; ngw;wJ.
gTj;jj;jpd; ,d;ndhU gpupthd je;jpupa gTj;jk; 8k; Ehw;whz;by; ,e;jpahtpy;
nry;thf;Fg; ngwj; njhlq;fpaJ. tof;fk;Nghy mjd; jhf;fKk; ,yq;ifapy; vjpnuhypj;jJ. je;jpupa gTj;jj;jpd;
Kd;dzpj; NjuHfshd t[;uNghjp kw;Wk; mnkhf;uh[;uh ,yq;if te;J je;jpupa gTj;jk;gw;wpa Vl;Lr; Rtbfis
Njbf; fz;Lgpbj;J Nrfupj;jhHfs;. xd;gjhk; Ehw;whz;by; je;jpupa gTj;jj;jpd; nry;thf;F ,yq;ifapy;
ed;whfg; gjpaj; njhlq;fpaJ.
je;jpupa gTj;jj;jpy; ,U ngUk; gpupT fhzg;gl;lJ. xd;W epyghjjHrdk;. kw;wJ
t[;uthjk;. t[;uthjk; Nrdd; (fp.gp. 833-53) mDuhjGuj;ij Mz;L nfhz;bUe;j fhyj;jpy; gutpaJ. Nrdd;
je;jpupa gTj;jj;ijg; gpd;gw;wpa murdhthd;.
Njtefup vOj;jpy; 9k; Ehw;whz;by; fw;fspYk;> fspkz; fl;bfspYk;> nrg;NgLfspYk;
vOjg;gl;l ke;jpuq;fs; gioa uh[ul;l gpuNjrj;jpy; fz;nlLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. je;jpupa gTj;jHfs; tzq;Fk; jhuif
vd;w nja;tj;jpd; rpiyfSk; fz;nlLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
Njuthj gTj;jj;jpd; rka Ehy;fs; ghyp nkhopapy; vOjg;gl;ld. Mdhy; kfhahd gTj;j rka
Ehy;fs; ngUk;ghYk; rk];fpUj nkhopapNyNa vOjg;gl;ld. rk];fpUj nkhopapd; ghtid rpq;fs nkhopapd;
tsHr;rpf;F cjtpaJ. rpq;fs nkhop ngUe;njhifahd nrhw;fis rk];fpUj nkhopapy; ,Ue;J fld;thq;fpaJ.
,tw;wpd; %yNk rpq;fsk; xU nkhopvd;w epiyia mile;jJ. rk];fpUj nkhopapd; ClhfNt thdtpay;> kUj;Jtk;>
murpay;> fiy> ,irgw;wpa mwpT ,yq;ifapy; gutpaJ.
rk];fpUj nkhopapd; nry;thf;Ff;F ,e;J kjKk; xU fhuzkhFk;. gTj;jj;jpw;F
ghypnkhopNghy ,e;J rkaj;Jf;F rk];fpUjk; tpsq;fpaJ. tp\;ZTf;F fz;bapy; fl;lg;gl;bUf;Fk; kfhNjthyak;
fp.gp. 790k; Mz;lstpy; fl;lg;gl;ljhFk;.
,yq;ifapy; ,d;W epyTk; fPdahd gTj;jj;jpd; xU gpupthd Njuthj gTj;jk; gy;NtW
rkaq;fspd; fyitahff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. gTj;j rkak; guTtjw;F Kd;dpUe;j fpuhk Njtijfs; topghLfs;> rlq;Ffs;>
je;jpupa> kfhad gTj;jj;jpd; topghLfs;> Ntjrkaj;jpd; nry;thf;F Njuthj gTj;jj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. mNj
rkak; Njuthj gTj;jk; ve;jnthU gpwrka Nfhl;ghLfSf;F Kw;wpYk; MshfkYk; ,Ue;J tUfpwJ.
,Nj rkak; Njuthj gTj;jk; njd;fpof;F Mrpa ehLfspYk; gutpaJ. gHkhtpy; epytpaukz;z
gTj;jkj gPlj;NjhL ,yq;ifj; Njuthj gTj;jk; rka mbg;gilapy; njhlHG nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,yq;ifg; gTj;j
ahj;jpupfHfs; gHkhTf;F Ngha;tUtJ tof;fj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ.
NrhoHfsJ
Ml;rp gj;jhk; Ehw;whz;bd; ,Wjpapy; Kw;Wg;ngw;W Kjyhk; tp[aghF (1055-1110) Ml;rpf;F te;jNghJ mtdJ
Ntz;LNfhspd;gb gHkhit Mz;l murd; mNef gTj;j NjuHfis ,yq;iff;F mDg;gp itj;jhd;.
mNj Neuj;jpy; Kjyhk; tp[aghFtpd; gpd; Ml;rpf;F te;j rpq;fs murHfs; gyH ghz;baHmy;yJ fypq;f murpfspd; gps;isfshfNt fhzg;gl;ljhy; ,e;J rkaj;jpd; tsHr;rp jilglhJ njhlHe;jJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. Kjyhk; tp[aghF tpf;fpukghFtpd; (fp.gp. 1029-1041) Ngudhthd;. tp[aghFtpd; ,aw;ngaH fPHj;jp vd;gjhFk;. tp[aghFtpd; rNfhjup kpj;ij ghz;ba ,sturid kze;jhs;. tp[aghFtpd; kiwtpw;Fg; gpd;dH mtdJ cld;gpwg;G n[aghF mupaizf;F te;jhd;. mtDf;Fg;gpd; tp[aghFtpw;Fk; fypq;fehl;L murpf;Fk; gpwe;j kfd; tpf;fpukghF Ml;rpf;F te;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; mjw;Fg; gjpy; kpj;ijapd; %j;j kfd; khdtHkd; Ml;rpf;F te;jhd;. khdtHkdpd; kfNd KjyhtJ guhf;fpukghF Mthd;.
Ma;Tf; fl;Liu
NghUk;
gTj;j rkaKk;
(15)
jkpoHfs; rpq;fstHfs; jq;fis =yq;fhtpy;
,Ue;J mopf;fg; ghHf;fpwhHfs; my;yJ ,uz;lhk;gl;r Fbkf;fshf;fj; njz;bf;fpwhHfs; vdg; gag;gLfpwhHfs;.
rpq;fstH - jkpoHfSf;F ,ilapyhd ,d;iwa Nkhjy; fle;j 400 Mz;Lfhshf ,lk;ngw;w Nkhjy;fspd;
kPo;gjpg;ghFk;. ,e;j Nkhjy;fshy; =yq;fh mope;njhope;J gl;lJ.
NrhoHfs; my;yJ ghz;baHfSila ,uhr;rpaq;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf ,d;W ,e;jpa muR ,Uf;fpwJ.
Kd;ida fz;ba kd;dHfSf;Fg; gjpy; ,d;W rdhjpgjp kw;Wk; gpujkH ,Uf;fpwhHfs;.
NghUk;
gTj;j rkaKk;
(16)