Nrhjplk

vjpHfhyk; gw;wpa kf;fspd; ghJfhg;gpd;ikiar; NrhjplHfs; jq;fsJ Ruz;lYf;Fg; gad;gLj;jp tUfpwhHfs;. ,jdhy; jiyKiw jiyKiwahfr; Nrhjplg; Gul;Lf;Fj; jkpo;r; r%jhak; ,iuahfp tUfpwJ. Nrhjplk; vd;w %lek;gpf;ifahy; jkpo;r; r%fj;jpd; mwptpay; Kd;Ndw;wk; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu tsHr;rp ghjpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

Nrhjplk; Fwpg;gpl;l Njhr el;rj;jpuq;fspy; gpwe;j ngz; rhjffhuHfSf;Ff; fPo;f;fz;l Njhrq;fspy; VjhtJ xd;iwf; fhl;Lk; vd;gJ tpjp vd;fpwJ.

Nrhjplk; tpLf;Fk; ,e;jg; gaKWj;jy; nfhbatHfs; tpLf;Fk; nfhiyg; gaKWj;jiytpl mr;rk; juf; $baJ.

EhW Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH tho;e;j kfhftp ghujpahH ehl;L tpLjiyf;fhfg; ghl;Lf; fl;ba xU Njrpaf; ftp kl;Lk; my;yH. jdJ ghl;Lj; jpwj;jhNy ,e;j itaj;ij ghypj;jpl NtZk; vd;W KuR nfhl;b Kof;fpa kf;fs; ftpQUk; MthH. .

vdg; Gjpa Mj;jp#b ,aw;wpg; nghWf;fp vLj;j RL nrhw;fshy; %l ek;gpf;iffisr; rhbdhH. thdEhy; gbf;fr; nrhd;dhH.

Nrhjplk; jid ,fo; vd;w nrhy;yhl;rpapy;> ,fo; vd;w nrhy;Yf;Ff; nfhLj;Js;s mOj;jKk; nfhy; vd;Dk; nrhy;Yf;Ff;Ff; nfhLj;Js;s fLikAk; Cd;wpf; ftdpf;fj;jf;fd.

nksl;bak; vd;why; mwpahik vd;W nghUs;. 'neQ;rpw; ftiy epjKk; gapuhf;fp mQ;rp capH tho;jy; mwpahik” vdg; ghujpahH mwpahikf;F tiutpyf;fzk; $WthH. mwpahikapy; %o;fp ,Ug;NghH tho;f;ifapy; Kd;Ndw KbahJ. nka;awpT ,y;yhjtHfSf;F tho;f;ifapy; Fog;gq;fs;> ma;aq;fs; Vuhsk; Njhd;Wk;. mwpahikNahL tho;tJ gs;sKk; NkLk;> fy;Yk; Ks;Sk;> J}Rk; Jk;Gk;> fuLk; KuLk; epiwe;j ghijapy; fz;izf;fl;bf; nfhz;L elg;gijg; Nghd;wJ.

vijr; nrhy;yp vd;d? ghujp vd;w cyf kfh ftpQd; nrhd;d mwpTiuia ahH Nfl;fpd;whHfs;? ghujpahUf;F tpoh vLg;gtHfNs Nfl;gjpy;iy vd;why; kw;wtHfs; vg;gbf; Nfl;ghHfs;?

J}q;ifapNy thq;Ffpw %r;R – mJ Rop khwpg; Nghdhy; Nghr;R! mtdd;wp XH mZTk; mirahJ> md;nwOjpia mopj;njOj ty;yhH ahH? vy;yhk; ,iwtd; tpl;l top! vy;yhk; tpjpg; gad;! vy;yhk; fpuf gyd;! el;rj;jpu Njhrk;! vd kjq;fs; kdpjHfspd; %isiar; ryit nra;J> jd;dk;gpf;ifiar; rpjwbj;J tho;f;ifapy; cioj;J Kd;Ndw Ntz;Lk; vd;w cWjpg;ghl;ilf; Fiyj;J tpLfpd;wd.

mUr;rid> mgpNrfk;> NjNuhl;lk;> jpUtpoh> fhtb> ,UKb> nrgk;> Njhj;jpuk;> jhaf;fl;L> Ehw;fl;L> fhg;Gf;fl;L> Jsrpkhiy> Njhrgupfhuk;> vs;nsz;nza;r; rl;b vupj;jy; Nghd;w FWf;F topfis kjq;fs; ghku kf;fSf;Ff; fhl;Lfpd;wd. gf;jp khHf;fk; vd;gNj ghku kf;fSf;fhf tFf;fg;gl;l topghlhFk;.

ghujpfs; kl;Lky;y vj;jid ngupahHfs; te;jhYk; kf;fs; jpUe;jNt khl;lhHfs; Nghy; gLfpwJ.

,iza jsj;jpy; (Thatstamil) ,d;W te;j ,e;jr; nra;jpiag; gbAq;fs;. jkpo; eiliar; rpwpJ nrk;ikg;gLj;Js;Nsd;.

nrd;id> ngg;utup 11- fztu; uj;jg; Gw;W Nehahy; ,we;J tpLthu; vd;W N[hjplu; $wpaij ek;gpa ngz;> kdk; cile;J jw;nfhiy nra;J nfhz;lhu;.

Nfhak;NgL n[apd; efiur; Nru;e;jtu; nre;jkpod;. ,tu; kidtp ckh kNfRtup. ,UtUk; fhjypj;Jj; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;ldu;.

ckhkNfRtup <Nuhl;bYs;s cwtpdu; tPl;Lj; jpUkzj;jpw;fhf nrd;Ws;shu;. mg;NghJ mq;Fs;s N[hjplupd; mwpKfk; fpilj;Js;sJ.

mtu; [hjfk; ghu;j;J Nrhjplk; nrhy;tjhff; $wpAs;shu;. gpd;du; xU ehs; N[hjplu; Nfhak;Ngl;bYs;s ckhkNfRtupapd; tPl;Lf;F te;J Nrhjplk; ghu;g;gjhff; $wpAs;shu;.

mg;NghJ ckh kNfRtupapd; fztUf;F 50 Mk; tajpy; ,uj;jg; Gw;WNeha; tUk;> NtW gy Neha;fSk; tUk; ,ijj; jLf;f Ntz;Lkhdhy; gupfhuk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wpAs;shu;.

,ij cz;ik vd;W ek;gpa ckhkNfRtup fztuplk; njuptpj;Js;shu;. nre;jkpod; Nrhjplj;ij ek;gf; $lhJ vd;W $wpAs;shu;.

kdk; cile;j ckhkNfRtup rdpf;fpoik fhiy tPl;by; J}f;Fg; Nghl;L jw;nfhiy nra;J nfhz;lhu;.

,JFwpj;J nre;jkpod; Nfhak;NgL fhty; epiyaj;jpy; Kiwg;ghL nra;Js;shu;. fhty; Jiwapdu; tof;Fg; gjpT nra;J tprhupj;J tUfpd;wdu;.

NrhjplHfs; xUtuJ rhjfj;ijg; ghHj;J “cd;idg; gpbj;j Voiur; rdpad; ,e;j khjj;NjhL tpl;L tpyFfpwhd;. ,dp cq;fSf;F nts;sp JyhtpYk; tpahod; gl;ilapYk; epw;fg; Nghfpd;wd! mg;Gwk; ghUq;fs; mLj;j gj;jhz;Lfs; ckf;F ,uhrNahfk;jhd;!” vd;W nrhd;dhy; Nfl;gtDf;F cstpay; mbg;gilapy; xU cw;rhfk; ek;gpf;if MtJ gpwf;Fk;. gpd; vjw;fhf ,e;j NrhjplH “cdJ fztUf;F 50 Mk; mfitapy; ,uj;jg; Gw;WNeha; tUk;> NtW gy Neha;fSk; tUk;” vd;W nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;? fhuzk; gupfhuk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;ypg; gzk; gpLq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w jPa Nehf;fe;jhd;.

,jpy; ,d;ndhd;iwf; ftdpAq;fs;. nre;jkpoDf;F rhjfj;jpy; ek;gpf;if ,y;iy. “ma;k;gjhk; mfitapy; ,uj;jg; Gw;WNeha; tUk;> NtW gy Neha;fSk; tUk; vd;W NrhjplH; nrhy;fpwhd; ” vd;W nrhd;d kidtpaplk; “Nrhjplj;ij ek;gf; $lhJ” vd;W $wpAs;shu;. Mdhy; me;jg; ngz; jdJ fztd; nrhd;dij ek;gtpy;iy.

,J vijf; fhl;LfpwJ vd;why; Mz;fistpl ,sfpa kdk;nfhz;l ngz;fsplNk $Ljyhf %lek;gpf;if Fbnfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ngz;fSf;F mwpT ,aw;ifahf ,Ue;jhYk; kz;Zf;Fs;Ns rpy %lH mtHfis tPl;Lf;Fs; G+l;b itj;J mtHfsJ mwpitf; nfLj;jJ fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk;!

Nrhjplg; Gul;Lg; Nghy; nja;tPfKk; xU Gul;Lj;jhd;. kdpjHfis kilaHfshf;Ffpw Gul;L.

mt;tg;NghJ gps;isahH ghy; Fbf;fpwhH> NaRehjH rpiyapy; ,Ue;J FUjp tbfpwJ> Nkupkhjhtpd; fz;fspy; ,Ue;J fz;zPH nrhupfpwJ> mDkhupd; fz;fspy; ,Ue;J fz;zPH tbfpwJ vd;w nra;jpfs; te;j tz;zk; cs;sd. nra;jp VLfs; tpw;gidf;fhf ,g;gbahd nra;jpfSf;Ff; fz; fhJ itj;J ntspapLfpd;wd!

cj;jug; gpuNjrj;jpy; kJuh vd;w efH. mq;F xU mDkhH ke;jpH (Nfhapy;) ,Uf;fpwJ. . fle;j rdtup 21 Mk; ehs; me;jf; Nfhapypy; gf;jHfs; Mapuk; gjpdhapuk; vd;w fzf;fpy; jpuz;lhHfs;. mDkhidj; Njhj;jpuk; nra;J tpOe;J tpOe;J Fk;gpl;hHfs;. vd;d fhuzk;? Ntnwhd;Wkpy;iy> mDkhd; tpf;fpufj;jpy; ,Ue;J fz;zPH tope;Njhbaijf; jhd; fz;ljhf ke;jpH G+rhup N[\;fhd; nrhy;yp ,Uf;fpwhH. ,e;jr; nra;jp mf;fk; gf;fj;jpy; cs;s CHfspy; jP Nghy; gut gf;jHfs; ,yl;rf;fzf;fpy; ke;jpHiu gilnaLj;jhHfs;. fz;zPH tope;Njhbaij mw;Gjk; my;yJ nfl;l rFdk; vd;W epidj;j gf;jHfs; G+ir> Muhj;jp vLj;J gupfhuk; nra;jhHfs;.

mLj;j ehs; uh[;nfhl; efupy; cs;s ,d;ndhU mDkd; Nfhapy; tpf;fpuj;jpy; ,Ue;Jk; fz;zPH tUtjhf tje;jp gutpaJ. mq;Fk; nts;sk; Nghy; gf;jHfs; jpuz;lhHfs;. mDkDf;F Njhj;jpuk; nrhd;dhHfs;. gf;jpg; ghly;fs; ghbdhHfs;. Mdhy; Nfhapy; mwq;fhty; mit cWg;gpdH xUtH mDkhH fz;fspy; ,Ue;J fz;zPH tUtijj; jhd; ghHf;ftpy;iy vd;w cz;ikiar; nrhd;dhH. Mdhy; gf;jHfs; risf;ftpy;iy. njhlHe;J G+ir> mUr;rid vd;W nra;jhHfs;. NfhapYf;F vf;fr;rf;fkhd tUkhdk;!

rup> %lek;gpf;if epiwe;j ,e;jpahtpy;jhd; ,g;gb vd;why; gbj;j aho;g;ghzj;jtHfs; thOk; aho;g;ghzj;jpYk; ,Nj khjpupahd tje;jp gutpaij mLj;J gl;bdk; my;Nyhy fy;Nyhyg;gl;lJ! . toikNghy; nra;jpapy; fhzg;gl;l jkpior; nrk;ikg;gLj;jpAs;Nsd;.

fd;dp kupahspd; jpUTtj;jpd; ,U fz;fspy; ,Ue;J ,uj;jk; tbtjhf ntspahd jftiyaLj;J New;W tpahof;fpoik aho; efupy; gugug;Gf; fhzg;gl;lJ. .

aho;. MRg;gj;jpup tPjpapy; cs;s tPL xd;wpy; itf;fg;gl;bUe;j ,e;jj; jpUTUtj;jpd; fz;fspy; ,Ue;J rptg;G epwkhd jputk; tUtij tPl;by; ,Ue;jtu;fs; fz;Ls;sdu;.

,J gpd;du; maytu;fSf;Fj; njupate;J aho; efuk; vq;Fk; gutj; njhlq;fpaJ. ,jdhy; mjidf; fhz;gjw;fhf kf;fs; me;j tPl;il Nehf;fpj; jpuz;ldu;.

,jidf; fl;Lg;gLj;j Kbahky; tPl;bd; cupikahsu;fs; mUfpy; cs;s Gdpj me;Njhdpahu; Myaj;Jf;F me;j nrh&gj;ijf; nfhz;L nrd;W itj;jdu;.

kf;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j Kbahky; Mya epu;thfj;jpdu; jpz;lhbdhu;fs;. gpd;du; rpwg;G topghLfSk; ,lk;ngw;wd.

,e;j khjh nrh&gj;jpy; ,U fz;fspypUe;Jk; ,uj;jk; Nghd;w rptg;G epwj;jpyhd jputk; xd;W tbe;J ciwe;j epiyapy; ,Ug;gijf; fhzf; $bajhf ,Ue;jJ.

fd;dp kupahspd; jpUr;nrh&gj;jpd; ,U fz;fspy; ,Ue;J FUjp Vd; tba Ntz;Lk;? aho;g;ghz kf;fs; gLk; my;yy;fs;> mtyq;fs;> mdHj;jq;fs;> ,d;dy;fs; fz;L fd;dp kupahs; mOjhuh? my;yJ ngg;utup 4 Rje;jpu ehs; md;W ehl;Lkf;fSf;F kfpe;jh ,uhrgf;Nr Mw;wpa ciuiag; gbj;Jtpl;L ( Nfl;Ltpl;L) mOjhuh? my;yJ kfpe;jupd; jPHTj;jpl;lj;ij Kd;$l;b mwpe;J tpl;;L mOjhuh? Vd; mOjhH? vjw;fhf mOjhH? mg;gb mOJ vd;d gyd;? kf;fsJ fz;zPiu my;yth fd;dp kupahs; jdJ nja;tPf rf;jpahy; Jilf;f Ntz;Lk;? nfhiyfs;> fhzkhy; Nghjy;> flj;jy;> grp gl;bdp> Neha;; Mfpatw;iwg; Nghf;fp kf;fis epk;kjpahf my;yth thoitf;f Ntz;Lk;?

Rdhkpapd; NghJ fiuNahuj;ij mLj;J ,Ue;j fpwpj;jt Njthyaq;fs;> ,e;Jf; Nfhapy;fs> ,];yhkpa k#jpfs;> gTj;j tpfhiufs; Mfpatw;iw gf;jHfNshL fly; tpOq;fpa nra;jpfisj;jhNd nra;jpj;jhs;fspy; gbj;Njhk;! njhiyf;fhl;rpapy; ghHj;Njhk;! jq;fisf; fhg;ghw;w Mw;wyw;w flTsHfs; kw;wtHfis vg;gbf; fhg;ghw;w KbAk;?

rpwpJ fhyj;Jf;F Kd;dH fdlhtpYk; xU fpwpj;jt Njthyag; ghjpupahH NaRgpuhdpd; jpUTUtj;jpy; ,Ue;J FUjp tbtjhff; $wp Ciuf; $l;b me;j mw;Gjj;ijf; fhl;bdhH. nra;jpj;jhs;fSk; ngupa vOj;jpy; jiyg;gpl;L me;jr; nra;jpiag; gpuRupj;jd. fhty;Jiw ghjpupahiu JUtpj; JUtp tprhupj;jJ. mg;NghJ ghjpupahH cz;ikiaf; ff;fpdhH. Njthyaj;Jf;F tUkhdk; ,y;iy. vdNt Njthyaj;Jf;F nfhQ;rk; tpsk;guk; Njlj; jhNd NaRehjupd; rpiyapy; FUjpiaj; jltp Ciu Vkhw;wpajhf xg;Gjy; thf;F %yk; mspj;jhH! (tsUk;)

capupdq;fs; flTshy; gilf;fg;gl;ljh (Creation) ? fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;ljh (Invention) ? cUkyHr;rp %yk; cUthdjh (Evolution)?

cyfk;> capu;fs; cUthdit vd mwptpay; nrhy;fpwJ. ,it cUthf;fg;gltpy;iy flTshy; gilf;fg;gl;lJ vd kjq;fs; (Gj;jk;> rkzk; Mfpa kjq;fs; kl;Lk; tpjptpyf;F) nrhy;fpd;wd.

,e;J kjj;jpy; 18 Guhzq;fs; cz;L. ,e;jg; Guhzq;fs;. ,e;j cyfk;> capu;fs; Mfpatw;wpd; “gilg;G’ g; ;gw;wp nrhy;fpd;wd. tof;fk; Nghy; xt;nthU GuhzKk; xt;nthU tpjkhfg; GSFfpd;wd. cyfpd; mikg;Gg; gw;wpg; GuhzpfHfs; vOjp itj;jpUf;Fk; GSFfis ,g;NghJ ghu;g;Nghk;.

G+ kz;lyk; VO jPTfshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mtw;iwr; Rw;wp VO tifahd rKj;jpuq;fs; cs;sd. VO tifahd gu;tjq;fs; (kiyfs;) cs;sd.

,e;jpah (ghujtu;\k;) xU jPgfw;fk; (peninsula). mJ .vl;Lj; jPTfshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mit ,e;jpuj; jPT> RNrUkdj;jPT> jhk;uguzj; jPT> fg°jp khdj;jPT> ehfj;jPT> rtk;aj; jPT> fhe;ju;tj; jPT> thUzj;jPT vd;git MFk;. xd;gjhtJ gFjp flypy; %o;fptpl;lJ. ghuj tu;\j;jpd; fpof;fpy; fpuhju;fSk;> Nkw;fpy; atdu;fSk; tho;fpwhHfs;.

G+kpf;fbapy; mjyk;> tpjyk;> epjyk;> Rjyk;> jyhjyk;> u]hjyk;> ghjhsk; vd;W VO cyfq;fs; xd;wd; Nky; xd;wha;j; jl;Lfs; Nghy; mike;Js;sd.

,tw;wpy; ijj;jpau;fs;> jhdtu;fs;> ehfu;fs; MfpNahu; tho;;fpd;wdu;. ,e;jg; ghjhs Nyhfq;fs; kpfTk; mofpait. ,q;F nghd;Dk; nghUSk; Ftpay; Ftpyhfg; Ftpe;J fplf;fpd;wd. fhL> gwitfs; Nghd;w [PtuhrpfSk; epiwe;Js;sd. G+kz;lyg; gFjpahf gy efuq;fs; mike;Js;sd. ,jw;nfy;yhk; jiytd; akju;kuh[d;. mtutu; nra;Ak; ghtq;fSf;F Vw;g ,q;F [Ptd; jz;bf;fg;gLfpwJ.

,g; G+kp kz;zpypUe;J tpz; tiu gutpapUg;gJ . Gtu; Nyhfk; ,jpy; xU gFjp. kw;Wk; tupirahf R+upa kz;lyk;> re;jpu Nyhfk;> Gjd;> Rf;fpud;> mq;fhufd; (nrt;tha;) FU> rdp> rg;jup\p kz;lyk;> JUt Nyhfk; vd;W gy gpupTfs; cs;sd. fy;g Kbtpy; G+Nyhfk;> Gtu; Nyhfk;> Rtu; Nyhfk; kl;Lk; mopAk;.

ghjhs Nyhfj;jpw;F neLe;njhiytpy; MjpNr\d; ,Uf;fpwhu;. mtu; tp\;Ztpd; jpUNkdpaha; tpsq;Ffpwhu;. Mapuk; jiyfs; nfhz;ltu; mtu;. cly; Nghd;w kiy nfhz;l jpUtiuapy; ePyg;gl;lhil cLj;jpAk; ntz;ikahd Kj;J khiyfis mzpe;Jk; tpsq;Ffpwhu;.

,U Gwq;fspYk; rhe;jp NjtpapdhYk;> thUzP NjtpapdhYk; cghrpf;fg;gLfpwhu;. ,tu; vy;yh G+ kz;lyq;fisAk; jhq;fpf; nfhz;L ghjhsj;jpd; mbapy; ,Uf;fpwhu;. mtUila Mw;wiy mwpe;jtu; ahUkpyu;.

,e;jg; G+kpapd; gug;gsT J}uk; NkNy cs;sJ. G+kpf;F Nky; yf;\k; Nah[id J}uj;jpy; R+upa kz;lyk; cs;sJ. mjw;F Nky; mNj msT J}uj;jpy; re;jpu kz;lyk;> mNj Nghy; mjw;F NkNy ef;\j;u kz;lyk;> mjw;F Nky; Gjd;> mjw;FNky; Rf;fpu kz;lyk;> mjw;FNky; mq;fhuf kz;lyk;> gpU`°gjp kz;lyk;> rdp kz;lyk; Mfpait cs;sd. mtw;wpw;F Nky; rg;jup\p kz;lyk;> JUt kz;lyk; cs;sd. ,it Rtu;f;f Nyhfk; vdg;gLk;.

,tw;wpw;FNky; k`u;Nyhfk;> mjw;FNky; [dNyhfk; mjw;F Nky; jNghNyhfk; cs;sJ. ,jw;F Nky; gpuk;khtpd; rj;jpaNyhfk; cs;sJ.

,e;jpah jPT my;y. ,J GuhzplfHfspd; Kjy; jtW. G+kpf;FNky; ,yl;rk; Nahrid J}uj;jpy; R+upa kz;lyk;. mjw;Fk; NkNy mNj msT J}uj;jpy; re;jpu kz;lyk; vd;gJ jtW. G+kpf;F mUfpy; (385>000 fpkP my;yJ 238>700 iky;) re;jpuDk; mg;ghy; R+upaDk; (ruhrup 150 kpy;ypad; fpkP my;yJ 93.2 iky;fs;) fhzg;gLfpd;wd vd;gJjhd; cz;ik. mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;G vy;yhNk Guhzg; GSFfis kWf;fpwJ.

R+upaDila NjUf;F xw;iwr; rf;fuNk cs;sJ. rf;fuj;jpy; k`hf;\k; vd;Dk; mr;R cs;sJ. JUtid Mjhukhff; nfhz;l rpwpa mr;R. Njupd; ngupa mr;Rld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,e;jr; rf;fuk; ]k;tj;]uk; vdg;gLk; fhyr;rf;fu nrh&gkhf cs;sJ. Njiu VO Fjpiufs; ,Of;fpd;wd. R+upaDila Nju; Mjpj;jpau;fs; vdg;gLk; Njtu;fs;> up\pfs;> fe;ju;tu;fs;> mg;ruRfs;> af;\u;fs;> ]u;g;gq;fs;> uhf;\ru;fs; MfpNahuhy; mjp\;lhdk; nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpwJ.

R+upad; jf;\pzhad fhyj;jpy; gd;dpuz;L K$u;j;j fhy mstpy; gjpd;%d;wiu el;\jpuq;fisf; fle;J kpfg; ngupa G+kpiaf; flf;fpwhd;. ,uT fhyj;ij gjpndl;L K$u;j;j fhyj;jpy; flf;fpwhd;. mjdhy; gfw;nghOJ Fiwe;Jk;> ,uTg; gFjp ePz;Lk; Njhd;WfpwJ.

R+upad; tp\;Ztpd; mkprkhdtd;. me;j xspkakhd R+upaDf;Fs; epu;tpfhukhd gpuk;kk; ,Uf;fpwJ. mJNt gpuztj;jpd; nghUshfg; nghUe;jp epw;fpwJ. vdNt> gpuztk; vd;Dk; gpuk;kk;jhd; R+upaid ,af;FfpwJ.

re;jpuDila NjUf;F %d;W rf;fuq;fs;. Njupd; ,lg;Gwj;jpYk; tyg;Gwj;jpYk; gj;J ntz;zpwf; Fjpiufs; fl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. JUtid Mjhukhff; nfhz;L tpiuthfr; nry;Yk; ,e;jj; Njupdhy; jhd; ,e;jpud; ehftPjp Kjypatw;wpy; cs;s el;\j;jpuq;fisf; fle;J nry;fpwhd;. re;jpuDf;Fk; cjahjp fhyq;fspy; fpuzq;fs; FiwtJk; epiwtJk; cz;L.

re;jpudJ fiyfs; gjpdhW MFk;. mtw;Ws; gjpide;J fiyfis Njtu;fs; gUfp tUfpd;wdu;. filrp xU fiyAld; epw;Fk; re;jpuidr; R+upad; gjpide;J ehl;fspy; KOik ngwr; nra;fpwhd;. ,t;thW KOik ngw;w G+u;z re;jpudplj;jpy; cs;s mKjj;jpidj; jhd; Njtu;fs; gUfpf; fspf;fpd;wdu;.

R+upad; xU el;rj;jpuk;. re;jpud; G+kpapd; Jizf;Nfhs;. Mdhy; ,e;j ,uz;ilAk; fpufq;fs; vd;w fzf;fpy; Nru;j;J rhjfk; fzpf;Fk; Gul;lu;fs; R+upaDf;Fk; re;jpuDf;Fk; jiyf;F xU Nju; fl;b CHtyk; tpLfpwhHfs;.

GuhzpfHfs; NghyNt NrhjplHfSk; ,uhrpfs; (#upad; gazpf;Fk; ghijapd; ,U kUq;fpYk; - NkYk; fPOkhf 15 ghif mfyk; - fhzg;gLk; 1 - 100 tiuapyhd rpW rpW tpz;kPd; $l;lq;fs;) gw;wpAk; Nfhs;fs; gw;wpAk; NrhjplHfSk; jhWkhwhf fw;gid fye;J vOjpAs;shHfs;. md;iwa mwpT me;jsTjhd; ,Ue;jJ. ,d;W ,Ug;gJ Nghy; tpz;iz msf;Fk; njhiyNehf;fpfs;> tpz;fyq;fs;> nra;kjpfs; ,Uf;ftpy;iy.

vq;fsJ #upad; 500 Nfhb Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH cUthd el;rj;jpukhFk;. ehk; thOk; G+kp #upaidg; NghyNt 450 Nfhb Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH xU el;rj;jpuk; ntbj;Jr; rpjwpa NghJ cUthdJ. njhlf;fj;jpy; Gtp xU rpwpa el;rj;jpuk; NghyNt ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; Gtp cUtpy; rpwpajhf ,Ue;jjhy; #upadpy; ,lk;ngWk; ntg;g mZ Mw;wy; Gtpapy; ,lk;ngw tha;g;gpy;yhJ Ngha;tpl;lJ. vdNt Gtp Fspuj;njhlq;fpaJ. Gtpapy; capupdk; RkhH xU Nfhb Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH Njhd;wpapUf;fyhk;. capH vg;gbj; Njhd;wpaJ? capupdq;fs; (kuk;nrb kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffs;) vy;yhtw;wpYk; kugZ (DNA) ,Uf;fpwJ. kugZ Nfhbf;fzf;fhd %yf;$Wfshy; (molecules) MdJ. vg;gb tsu Ntz;Lk; vg;gb jd;idg;NghyNt ,d;ndhU capiu vt;thW cUthf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w mwpTiu ,e;j kugZTf;Fs; nghjpe;J fplf;fpwJ.

500 Nfhb Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G R+upadpd; <u;g;G tpir kpFe;J> gpa;e;J> rpjwp> Nfhs;fs; cUthfpd. G+kpapd; ntg;g epiy cau;e;J epyeLf;fKk;> vupkiy ntbj;jYk; Vw;gl;ld. 300 Nfhb Mz;LfSf;F Kd; ngUkio njhlu; kio nga;jjd; tpisthff; fly;fs; cUthfpd. ,e;jf; nfhs;ifjhd; Mtp Kfpy; jpus; nfhs;if (Nebular Hypothesis) vdg;gLfpwJ.

MWfs; epyg;gug;ig mupj;Jf; nfhz;L Xb fly; ePupy; fye;jNghJ> Mw;W ePupy; fiue;j cg;G flypy; fye;j fhuzj;jhy; fly; ePu; cg;ghdJ. mNjNghy fly; ePupy; mkpNdh mkpyq;fs; (Amino Acids) kw;Wk; epA+f;ypf; mkpyq;fs; (Nueclic Acids) cUthfp gpwF GNuhl;Bd;> GNuhl;Nlh gpshrk; cUthfpaJ. GNuhl;Nlh gpshrj;jpy; nky;ypa rt;Tg; glyk; R+o;e;jjd; tpisthf Xu; capu; mZ (Cell) Njhd;wp> ePu;g;ghrp (Algae) Njhd;wp mjd; gpwF GNuhl;NlhNrhth (Protozova) cUthdJ. ePu;g;ghrpAld; ,ize;J mkPgh (Ameba) vDk; xU nry; capup Njhd;wpaJ. Ez;Zapu;fs; (Bacteria) cUthfp> fly; gQ;R> gtsg; Gw;Wfs;> Gy; G+z;Lfs;> nrb> nfhb> kuq;fs; vd cUkyu;r;rp ngw;wd. gpd; GOf;fs;> el;rj;jpu kPd;fs; Mutatibn vDk; epiyahy; cUthfpd. gpd; jtis> kPd; vd;W gw;gy capu;fSk; cUkyu;r;rp ngw;wd.

capupdq;fs; cUkyHr;rp %yk; cUthdJ vd;gNj mwptpayhsHfsJ KbthFk;. mjid Kjy; Kjy; epWtpatH rhHy;]; lhHtpd; (Charles Darwin (1809-1882) MthH.

capupayhsH rhHy;]; lhHtpdpd; cUkyHr;rpf; Nfhl;ghL; (Theory of Evolution) ePH tho;td> epyj;jpy; CHtd> NkNy gwg;gd Nghd;w capupdq;fs; jhkhfNt Njhd;wpd> mit ,d;Ws;sJ Nghy ahuhYk; gilf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gij epWtpaJ.

NkYk; ehk; fhZk; capupdq;fspd; cUtk; njhlf;f fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj tutpy;iy. mit xU fy (single cell) capupapw; njhlq;fp ,ilawhj khw;wk;> gbKiw tsHr;rp> kyHr;rp> ,dg; ngUf;fk;> ,lg; ngUf;fk;> ,aw;ifj; NjHT (Natural Selection) epyj;jpd; jd;ik> #oy; Kjypatw;Wf;F Vw;g tho;f;ifj; Njitia epiwT nra;jy; fhuzkhf cUkhw;wk; mile;J te;Js;sd.

,d;W ehk; fhZk;> kuk;> nrb> nfhbfs; flypy; ,Ue;J fiuapy; tpOe;j rpW rhjhisapd; cUkyHr;rp MFk;.

kdpjid vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; mtd; “KOrhff; flTshy; gilf;fg;gltpy;iy> kz;zpd; nrOikahy; xd;W $b cz;lhd capuZf;fspd; cUkyHr;rpNa (gupkhz tsHr;rpNa) kdpjd;. mjhtJ G+r;rpaha;> GOtha;> ej;ijaha;> kPdha;> gwitaha;> Fuq;fha; tsHe;J ,Wjpapy; mtw;wpd; jpUj;j cUtkha; kdpjd; Njhd;wpdhd;” vd lhHtpd; cUkyHr;rpf; Nfhl;ghL %yk; epWtpdhH.

kdpjd; CHtd epiyiaf; fle;J ehY fhyhy; elf;Fk; Fuq;F epiy va;jpg; gpd;dH tise;j KJif NeH epkpHj;jp ehY fhy;fspy; ,uz;ilf; iffshfg; gad;gLj;jp kPjp ,uz;L fhyhy; elf;ff; fw;Wf; nfhz;L kuf; nfhg;GfSf;Fg; gjpy; Fbir fl;b rpw;rpy fUtpfisr; nra;J thog; gy ,yl;rk; Mz;Lfs; vLj;jJ vd lhHtpd; tpsf;fpdhH.

cyfj;ijAk; mjpYs;s capHfisAk; flTs; gilj;jhH> miuFiwahf my;y xt;nthd;iwAk; KOjhfNt gilj;jhH> mNj Nghy; MwwpT gilj;j MizAk; ngz;izAk; flTNs gilj;jhH vd;Wk; kjq;fSk; kjthjpfSk; nrhy;yp te;j gilg;Gf; Nfhl;ghl;il lhHtpdpd; cUkyHr;rpf; Nfhl;ghL jfHj;J vwpe;jJ.

lhHtpdpd; cUkyHr;rpf; Nfhl;ghL capupdq;fs; jk; epiy Ngw;Wf;fhfg; NghuhLfpd;wd> ,Wjpapy; jFjpAs;sit kl;LNk jg;gpg;gpiof;fpd;wd (The Struggle for Existence and Survival of the Fittest) vdf; $wpaJ. (tsUk;)

,d;W ntsptUk; jpiug;glq;fisg; ghu;j;J ,isNahH nfl;Lg; Nghtjw;F epiwa tha;g;gpUf;fpwJ. jpiuf;fijapy; epiwa td;Kiwf; fhl;rpfisAk; ghYzHitj; Jhz;Lk; fhl;rpfisAk; xspT kiwtpd;wpf; fhl;LfpwhHfs;. xt;nthUj;juhf tupirapy; tUk; gj;Jg; gjpide;J ky;yHfis xU NehQ;rhd; fjhehafd; Mfhaj;jpy; gww;J gwe;J cijf;Fk; fhl;rpfs; ,y;yhj glNk fpilahJ. mNj Nghy; nghf;Fs; njupa miuFiw Milfspy; FYq;ff; FYq;f Mbg;ghLk; fjhehafp ,y;yhj glq;fisAk; ghHf;f KbahJ.

kWGwk; rhjfk;> gQ;rhq;fk; Nghd;wit $Wk; gyd;fis gbj;Njh my;yJ Nfl;lwpe;Njh nfl;nlhope;J NghfpwtHfSk; ,Uf;fpwhHfs;. ,Jjhd; ,d;iwa epiyg;ghL. ,J gw;wp Kd;dUk; vOjpAs;Nsd;..gj;J> gd;dpuz;L mfitr; rpWtu;fs; nfhiy nra;fpwhu;fs;;. mjw;fhd jpl;lq;fisj; Jy;ypakhfj; jPl;Lfpwhu;fs;;. nfhiy nra;j gpwF me;j cliy ahUk; fz;lwpahjthW vd;ndd;d nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;gJtiu njupe;J itj;Js;shHfs;.

nfhiy nra;j Fw;wj;jpy; gpbg;gl;l rpWtd; “,e;jg; glj;jpy; tUfpw fhl;rpapy; nfhiy nra;jtd; cliy vg;gb ahH fz;zpYk; glhky; ,yhtfkhf kiwj;J tpLfpwhd; vd;gJ fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. mjd;gbjhd; ehDk; nra;Njd;’’ vd;fpwhd;.

Nryk; Gwefuhd kzpaD}iur; Nru;e;j 20 mfit ,isQd; ,uNk\;. rpWtajpy; ngw;Nwhiu ,oe;j ,td; rpj;jpahy; tsu;f;fg;gl;lhd;. rpW taJ Kjw;nfhz;Nl gQ;rhq;fj;ijj; J}f;fpf; nfhz;L miye;jpUf;fpwhd;;. Nfhapy; Fsk; vd;W Rw;wpj; jpupe;jpUf;fpwhd;.

jd;id ,uNk\; rpj;jd; vd;W nrhy;ypf; nfhz;lhd;. mtd; jiyapy; xU ehs; gy;yp tpOe;Jtpl;lJ. Fk;g ,uhrpf;fhud; jiyapy; gy;yp tpOe;jhy; kuzk; epr;rak; vd;W gQ;rhq;fk; gyd; nrhy;ypaJ. .

vd;d nra;jhd; me;j ,isQd;? 13 J}f;f khj;jpiufis Kjypy; rhg;gpl;L ,Uf;fpwhd;. rhT mtid thupf; nfhz;L Nghftpy;iy; mjd;gpd; raidl; rhg;gpl;L ,Uf;fpwhd;. raidl; Rit vg;gb ,Uf;Fk; vd;W njupAKd;Ng Misf; nfhd;WtpLk;. ,tDk; ,we;Nj Ngha;tpl;lhd;. mJTk; vq;F? Cj;Jkiy rf;fuhNjtp Nfhapy; rd;djpf;F Kd; nrj;Jf; fple;jhd;. mtDila ehs; Fwpg;igg; Gul;bg; ghu;j;jNghJ fPo;f;fz;lthW vOjpapUe;jJ.

“,UgJ tajpy; rhfNtz;Lk; vd;gJ vd; tpjp. gy;ypAk; vd; jiyapy; tpOe;Jtpl;lJ. rhT epr;rak;. MfNt> ehd; jw;nfhiy nra;J nfhs;fpNwd;. Kjypy; 13 J}f;f khj;jpiufs; rhg;gpl;Nld;. rhT tutpy;iy. ,g;nghOJ raidl; rhg;gpl;Lr; rhfpNwd;. 14 – 03 - 2007 md;W kW mtjhuk; vLg;Ngd;’’ vd;W vOjp itj;J tpl;Lj; jw;nfhiy nra;J tpl;lhd;.

,UgJ taJ ,isQd; mepahakhfj; jw;nfhiy nra;Jnfhz;L ,Uf;fpwhNd - ,jw;F vd;djhd; gupfhuk;? ahu;jhd; nghWg;G?

tPl;by; rhkp> Nga;> gprhR> ke;jpuk;> khak;> gf;jp> rhjfk;> gQ;rhq;fk; vd;W Ngrpj; njhiyf;f Ntz;lhk;. ,tw;Wf;;nfy;yhk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;Jg; ngupatu;fs; ele;J nfhs;sf; $lhJ. mg;gb ele;J nfhz;lhy; gps;isfis mJ cstpay; mbg;gilapy; fLikahfg; ghjpf;Fk;. mtHfis NehahspahfTk; Mf;fptpLk;.

gQ;rhq;fk; vd;gJ mwptpay; Ehyh? kf;fs; kj;jpapNy mwptpay; kdg;ghd;ikia (scientific temper) cz;lhf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W ,e;jpa murikg;Gr; rl;lNk $WfpwJ. mg;gbahdhy; mwptpaYf;F vjpuhd ,e;jg; gQ;rhq;ff; Fg;igfisj; jil nra;a Ntz;lhkh?

,uNk\; jw;nfhiy nra;Jnfhz;lhd;;. mtd; fij Kbe;Jtpl;lJ. Mdhy; ntl;fNkh Jf;fNkh vJTkpd;wp VLfSk;> ,jo;fSk; Nrhjplk;> gQ;rhq;fk;> ,uhrp gyd; Nghd;w %lj;jdj;Jf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fpd;wd. jq;fis Nrhjpl Mrhd;> Nrhjpl rf;futHj;jp> Nrhjpl ,uj;jpdk; vd;W ahUk; nrhy;ypf; nfhs;syhk;. Nfl;ghH ,y;iy. fdlhtpy; ,uhrpgyd; gFjp ,y;yhj VLfisg; ghHg;gJ kpfTk; mupJ. ,q;Fs;s Ehyfk; xd;W Nrhjplj;Jf;F jdp ,lk; xJf;fpAs;sJ! mwptpaYf;F ,lk; xJf;fg;gltpy;iy. muRfs; ,tw;iwahtJ jil nra;a Ntz;lhkh?

rhHy;]; lhHtpd; gy Mz;Lfs; ehL ehlhfr; nrd;W Ma;T nra;J vOjpa capupdq;fspd; %yk; (The Origin of Species) vd;w Ehy; 1859 ,y; ntspte;jNghJ kdpj tuyhw;wpy; mJtiu fhyKk; mtpo;f;fg;glhj gy Kbr;Rf;fs; mtpo;f;fg;gl;ld. capupdq;fspd; %yk; Kjy; gjpg;G KOJk; (1>250 gbfs;) xNu ehspy; tpw;W Kbe;jd. cyfk; fz;buhj xU rpe;jidg; Gul;rpia 230 gf;fq;fs; nfhz;l me;j Ehy; Vw;gLj;jpaJ. mjw;F Kd;dH 1842 Mk; Mz;L ,aw;ifj; NjHTf; Nfhl;ghL (Theory of Natural Selection) vd;w rpW Ehiy vOjp ntspapl;lhH. lhHtpd; cUkyHr;rp gw;wp nkhj;jk; 18 Ehy;fs; vOjpdhH.

lhHtpd; 1874 Mk; Mz;L kdpjd; Fuq;fpypUe;J Njhd;wpatd; (Man is the Developed Monkey) vdg; gy rhd;Wfs; %ykhf vLj;Jf; fhl;bdhH.

lhHtpdpd; cUkyHr;rpf; Nfhl;ghL kjthjpfs; kj;jpapy;> Fwpg;ghfr; nry;thf;Fg; gilj;j fpwpj;jt kjthjpfs; kj;jpapy;> jpifg;igAk; tpag;igAk; mr;rj;ijAk; cUthf;fpaJ. flTs;; RkhH 6>000 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH 6 ehs;fspy NjtNyhfq;fisAk; ,e;jg; GtpiaAk; gilj;jhH. jz;zPiu Mfhaj;jpy; ,Ue;J gpupj;njLj;jhH. Gy;> nrb> kuj;ijg; gilj;jhH. ,uT gfiyAk; el;rj;jpuq;fisAk; gilj;jhH. fly;tho; capupdq;fs;> CHtd kw;Wk; gwitfisg; gilj;jhH. tpyq;Ffisg; gilj;jhH. jdJ rhaypy; Kjy; kdpjHfshd Mjhk; – Vths; Mfpatw;iwg; gilj;jhH. VohtJ ehspy; Xa;T vLj;jhH> flTs; gukz;lyj;jpy;> ,Uf;fpwhH. Gz;zpak; nra;NjhH nrhHf;fj;Jf;Fk; ghtk; nra;NjhH eufj;Jf;Fg; NghthHfs;.

,t;thW NgrpAk; vOjpAk; te;j kjFUkhHf;F lhHtpd; kPJ nrhy;yp khshj rpdk; Vw;gl;lJ. lhHtpDk; mtH vOjpa EhYk; gyj;j fz;ldj;Jf;Fk; vjpHGf;Fk; cs;shfpaJ. kjthjpfs; cUkyHr;rpf; Nfhl;ghl;ilf; fLikahf vjpHj;jhHfs;. ‘mz;lk;> mjpy; mlq;fpa cyfk; midj;Jk; flTshy; gilf;fg;gl;lit mjid kWg;gtHfs; rhj;jhdpd; mtjhuq;fs;’ vd MaH tpy;gNghH]; (Bishop Wilburforce) fLikahff; Fw;wk;rhl;bdhH.

capupdq;fspd; %yk; vd;w Ehy; Ehy; ntspte;j MW khjj;Jf;Fs; (A+d; 30> 1860) ele;j nrhw;Nghupy; MaH tpy;gNghH]; gpd;tUkhW NgrpdhH-

“kjpg;Gf;Fupa kfhrdq;fNs! guk gpjhtpd; ngauhy; ehd; cq;fis xd;W Nfl;fpNwd;> rhj;jhdpd; mtjhukhd rhHy;]; lhHtpd; ePq;fnsy;yhk; Fuq;fpypUe;J Njhd;wpatHfs; vd;W nfhQ;rKk; ehf; $rhkhy; $wpapUf;fpwhd;. ePq;fNs nrhy;Yq;fs;? cq;fisf; fhy;NkYk; Njhs;NkYk; Nghl;Lr; rPuhl;b tsHj;j cq;fSila ghl;ld;khHfSk; Kg;ghl;ld;khHfSk; Fuq;Ffsh? ,ij ePq;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwPHfsh?

Fuq;fpypUe;J Njhd;wpa kdpjd; ,j;jid ,yf;fk; (,yl;rk;) Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpd;Dk; ve;jtpj cUkyHr;rp nfhs;shky; mg;gbNa ,Uf;fpd;whd;? Vd; mtDf;F ,d;Dk; xU nfhk;Ngh> xU ,wf;ifNah> xU thNyh my;yJ NtW vJTNk cz;.lhftpy;iy? Fuq;fpd; cUkyHr;rp kdpjd; vd;why; kdpjdpd; cUkyHr;rp vd;d?

,tw;iw vy;yhk; rpe;jpj;Jg; ghHf;fhky; ek;ikg; gilj;j Mz;ltid Vsdk; nra;tJ vj;jid ngupa ghtk; vd;gij ePq;fs; czutpy;iyah?”

,t;thW nrhy;yhly; nra;fpd;;w kjthjpfs; xd;iw kl;Lk; kwe;J tpLfpd;wdH. .cyfk; flTshy; gilf;fg;gl;lJ vd;why; flTisg; gilj;jtH ahH vd;w Nfs;tp vOfpwJ. mtH ahuhYk; gilf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;why; ,aw;ifapd; nray;fspy; fhuzk; ,d;wp fhupak; ,y;iy vd;gjhy; flTSk; gilf;fg;gl;ltNu vd xg;Gf; nfhs;s Ntz;b NeupLk;.

vkf;Fj; njupe;j mz;lj;jpy; (Known Universe) Vwj;jho 36>000 Nfhb ghy;kz;lyq;fs; (Galaxies) ,Uf;fpd;wd vdTk; Xt;nthU ghy; kz;lyj;jpYk; 10>000 - 20>000 Nfhb tpz;kPd;fs; (Stars) fhzg;gLfpd;wd vdTk; thdpayhsHfs; nrhy;fpd;whHfs;! Mdhy; kdpjdJ Cdf; fz;fSf;F RkhH 6>000 el;rj;jpuq;fs; kl;LNk ,utpy; njupfpd;wd! (mj;jpahak; 2)

mg;gbnad;why; ,e;j mz;lj;jpy; NtW Nfhs;fs; ,y;iyah? mjpy; capupdk; ,y;iyah?

jkpoHfs; thdpay; gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;tjpy; mjpf ehl;lk; fhl;Ltjpy;iy. thf;fpa gQ;rhq;fk; my;yJ ,uFehja;aH gQ;rhq;fk; ,y;yhj jkpoHfsJ tPl;ilNa ghHf;f KbahJ. Mdhy; mtHfs; tPl;by; xU ml;y]; (Atlas) ,Uf;fhJ! thdpay; gw;wpa mwpit tsHj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; Nrhjplk; gw;wpa %lek;gpf;ifapy; ,Ue;J tpLgLtJ vspjhfptpLk;!

,d;W #upa FLk;gk; (solar system) ghy; top kz;lyk; (Milky Way galaxy) mz;lk; (Universe) gw;wpa Ma;T ,iltplhJ ele;j tz;zk; cs;sJ. ehrh (NASA) Nghd;w mikg;G ,e;j Ma;tpy; Kd;dzp tfpf;fpwJ. ,jdhy; #upa FLk;gk;> ghy; top kz;lyk; kw;Wk; mz;lk; gw;wpa mwpT ehSk; nghOJk; mjpfupj;J tUfpwJ. (tsUk;)

Kjy; ,y;yhj mNj Neuk; gzk; nfhopf;Fk; xU njhopy; cz;L vd;why; mJ gf;jp tzpfkhfNt ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mLj;J Nrhjplj; njhopiyf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

,e;j ,uz;L tzpfKk; kdpjDf;Fj; jdJ vjpHfhyk; gw;wpa mr;rj;ijAk; NguhiriaAk; %yjdkhf itj;Jr; Ruz;bg; gpiof;fpd;wd.

fdlh te;J $lhuk; mbj;J fil tpupj;jpUf;Fk; jkpo;ehl;Lr; NrhjplHfsJ ngaHg;gl;baiyAk; mtHfsJ tPu jPu mjp guhf;fpukj;ijg; gw;wpAk; Kd;dH (mj;jpahak; 6) vOjpapUe;Njd;.

nuhwd;Nuhtpy; khjf;fzf;fpy; $lhuk; mbj;J rhj;jpuk; nrhy;Yk; NrhjplHfspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfupj;Jf; nfhz;Nl NghfpwJ. ,uz;L NgH ehL jpUk;g ehY NgH tpkhdk; Vwpf;; fdlhTf;Fg; gwe;J tUfpwhHfs;.

Rw;Wyh tprhtpy; tUk; ,tHfspy; rpyH xU mq;fhbapy; cs;s khb miwia thliff;F vLj;Jj; jd;ghl;by; njhopy; nra;fpwhHfs;. ,d;Dk; rpyH jkpo;ehl;by; ,Ue;J NrhjplHfis tutioj;J Nrhjplj;ij ‘rapl;’ njhopyhf itj;Jf; nfhz;Ls;shHfs;!

“tpahghuk; ngUf tpsk;guk; nra;Aq;fs;” vd;w nghd;nkhopf;F mika ,q;Fs;s thu VLfspYk; njhiyf; fhl;rpapYk; jly;Glyhfj; jq;fisg; gw;wp NrhjplHfs; tpsk;guk; nra;fpwhHfs;. mwptpay; fz;L gpbj;j njhiyf;fhl;rp %lek;gpf;ifiag; gug;gg;gg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ!

ruhrup vy;yh kdpjHfSf;Fk; jq;fsJ vjpHfhyk; gw;wp vg;NghJNk xU ,de; njupahj mr;rk; ,Uf;Fk;. mjpYk; ,lHfhg;gpd;ik (risk) ,y;yhj ngU ,og;G Vw;glf;$ba njhopypy; <LgLgtHfSf;F ,e;j mr;rk; kpfTk; mjpfk;. Mdgbahy;jhd; Kjyhspfs; ngupa ngupa Rthkp glq;fis Rthkp miwKOJk; khl;b itf;fpwhHfs;. Rthkp miw ,y;yhj mq;fhbiag; ghHf;fNt KbahJ. ,tHfs; tUtha; te;jhYk; rup ,og;G Vw;gl;lhYk; rup Nfhapy; NjH> jpUtpohf;fSf;F ed;whfr; nrytopf;fpwhHfs;. njhopypy; tUtha; te;jtH; NkYk; tUtha; tUk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifapy; nrytopf;fpwhH. njhopypy; ,og;igr; re;jpj;jtH NkYk; ,og;igj; jLg;gjw;Fr; nrytopf;fpwhH.

Nfhapy; fl;lg; NghfpNwhk; my;yJ NfhGuk; vOg;gg; NghfpNwhk; mbahHfs; jiyf;F Mapuk; nlhyH fhzpf;if nfhLq;fs; - ePq;fs; ,uz;L ifahy; nfhLg;gij KUfd; gd;dpU ifahy; jpUg;gpf; nfhLg;ghd; - vd;W xU nfhg;gpNahL gj;Jf; fil Vwp ,wq;Fq;fs;. ahUk; kWf;f khl;lhHfs;. nfhLf;fhtpl;lhy; flTs; Nfhgpj;Jf; nfhs;thH vd;w mr;rNk mjw;Ff; fhuzk;.

,Nj NgHtopfsplk; jkpOf;F tpoh vLf;fpNwhk; vd;W epjp Nfl;Lg; ghUq;fs;. nfhLf;fNt khl;lhHfs;. mJf;Ff; nfhLj;J tpl;Nld; ,jw;Ff; nfhLj;J tpl;Nld; vd;W rhl;Lr; nrhy;thHfs;. tPl;L Kftuhf ,Ue;jhy; “fle;j %d;W khjq;fshf xU tPL $l tpw;ftpy;iy” vd;W %f;fhNy mOthH!

,q;F VO ehSk; fhiy njhlq;fp ,uT tiu njhopy; ghHf;Fk; xU gy; kUj;Jtuplk; “jkpo;f; fpoik” nfhz;lhbatHfs; epjpAjtp Nfl;Lg; NghdhHfs;. mtHfis xU kzp Neuk; fhj;jpUf;f itj;Jtpl;L “ehd; ,g;gbg;gl;l fhupaq;fSf;Ff; nfhLg;gjpy;iy” vdg; gy;kUj;JtH ifia tpupj;Jtpl;lhH. ,t;tstpw;Fk; mtuJ tpsk;guk; thndhypapy; “vd;dplk; thUq;fs; jkpopy; Ngrp cq;fs; Nritiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;” vd kzpj;jpahyj;Jf;F xUf;fh xypj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ!

kdpjHfSf;F ,ay;ghf ,Uf;ff; $ba mr;rk; Mir ,uz;ilAk; gad;gLj;jp Ruz;bg; gpiof;Fk; Nrhjpluplk; gyd; Nfl;Lg; Nghd xU ngz;zpd; fijiaf; NfSq;fs;.

mtH kj;jpa tFg;igr; NrHe;jtH. ngupa gbg;Gg; gbj;jtH. xU filapd; khbapy; jq;fp njhopy; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j Nrhjpliug; ghHf;f ePz;l fpA+ tupirapy; fhj;jpUe;J tpl;Lf; filrpahf Nrhjpliur; re;jpj;jhH. NrhjplH mtiu cw;Wg; ghHj;J vilNghl;L tpl;L mUfpy; ,Ue;j xU cz;baiyf; fhl;b mjw;Fs; 21 nlhyiug; NghLkhW Nfl;lhH. gpd;dH gpwe;j ehs;> el;rj;jpuk; ,uz;ilAk; Nfl;Ltpl;L nfhQ;rk; fz;iz %bj; jpahdk; nra;jhH.

“ePq;fs; ey;y fTutkhd FLk;gj;ijr; NrHe;jtH (gyd; Nfl;ltH ed;whf cLj;jpUe;jhH) ey;y Fztjp. vy;NyhUf;Fk; gyid vjpHghuhJ cjtp nra;Ak; kdk; cq;fsJ kdk;. Mdhy; cq;fs; fztH (fOj;jpy; ,Ue;j jhypia NrhjplH ftdpj;jpUg;ghH) gw;wp mg;gbr; nrhy;y KbahJ. jw;rkak; cq;fSf;F gzr; rpf;fy; ,Uf;fpwJ. mjdhy; cq;fSf;F Vfg;gl;l kdTisr;ry;!” vd;whH. mjidf; Nfl;L mjprapj;j me;jg; ngz; jq;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd xU nrhj;ij tpw;f ePz;lfhykhf Kaw;rp nra;Jk; if$lhJ ,Uf;fpwJ vd;Wk; mjw;F VjhtJ gupfhuk; ,Uf;fpwjh vd;W Nfl;lhH.

“Vd; ,y;iy? vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; gupfhuk; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,jw;Fk; epr;rak; gupfhuk; ,Uf;fpwJ. mk;ghSf;F (miw epiwa tpf;fpufq;fs;) Njhr gupfhuk; nra;jhy; me;jr; nrhj;J xU khjj;Jf;Fs; fl;lhak; tpiyg;gl;Lg; Ngha;tpLk;. Mapuk; nlhyH nfhLq;fs; ehisf;Nf mk;ghSf;F gupfhu G+iria Muk;gpj;J tplyhk;” vdr; NrhjplH Mq;fpyj;jpy; nrhd;dhH.

Nrhjplk; Nfl;f te;jpUf;Fk; ngz;iz mstpl;l NrhjplUf;F rl;nld;W vy;yhk; Gupe;J tpl;;lJ. jhd; Nghl;l Jhz;:biyf; ft;t kPd; Maj;jk; vdf; fz;L nfhz;lJNk NkYk; mtUf;Fr; rpe;jpf;f ,lk; nfhlhJ tzpfj;ij clNd Kbf;f epidj;j NrhjplH kPz;Lk; “ehisf;Nf Njhrgupfhu G+iriaj; njhlq;fyhk;” vd mtrug;gLj;jpdhH.

me;jg; ngz;zpd; kdk; fbfhu Ks;Nghy; CryhbaJ! Mapuk; nlhyiu KjyPL nra;jhy; ma;e;J ,yl;rk; nlhyH ngWkjpahd nrhj;ij xU khjj;Jf;Fs; tpw;W tplyhk;. ,Ue;Jk; “tPl;Lf;fhuiuf; Nfl;fhky; ehd; vijAk; nra;tjpy;iy. mtuplk; Nfl;L tpl;L ehis te;J cq;fisg; ghHf;fpNwd;!” vd;W nrhy;yptpl;L me;jg; ngz; (jg;gp) te;Jtpl;lhH.

NrhjplH nra;Ak; Njhr gupfhuj;jhy; nrhj;Jf;fis xU khjj;Jf;Fs; tpw;W tplyhk; vd;why; tPL tpw;gid KftHfs; vjw;F? mtHfSf;F Vd; Iahapuk; gj;jhapuk; vd;W juF nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;?

,g;gb xU ehisf;F gj;J ,spj;jtha;j; jkpoHfs; fpilj;jhNy NghJk;. NrhjplH fhl;by; ,y;iy tPl;by; xNu gz kiojhd;.

gj;jhk; tFg;igj; jhz;bapuhj NrhjplHfs; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpy; gbj;J> ,sq;fiy> KJfiy> KidtH vdg; gl;lq;fs; ngw;w gbg;ghspfis vspjhf Kl;lhf;fshf;fp tpLfpwhHfs;.

,g;NghJ ,e;jr; nra;jpiag; gbAq;fs;. “NfhHl; gbNaWfpwhH NfhghyfpU\;zd; - ehb NrhjplHfis Rk;kh tplkhl;Nld;” vd;w jiyg;NghL Mde;jtpfld; (khHr;R 11> 2007) ,jopy; ntspte;jJ. Mde;jtpfldpd; mk;khkpj; jkpio Kbe;jsT nrk;ikg;gLj;jpAs;Nsd;.

rg;j ehbAk; xLq;fpg;Ngha; ftiyAld; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs; ehb Nrhjplu;fs;. Fwpg;ghf> itj;jP];tud; Nfhapy; Nrhjplu;fs;jhd; FiyeLf;fj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. fhuzk;> ,q;F Nrhjplk; ghu;f;f te;j Ms; xUtu;> ‘,e;j ehb N[hjpl tptfhuNk Vkhw;W Ntiyjhd;’ vd Mjhuq;fNshL ePjpkd;wk; gb VwpapUg;gJjhd;!

ehb Nrhjplj;ijg; gw;wp mwpahjtu;fs; mNefkhf ,Uf;f KbahJ. rpj;ju;fs; vOjp itj;Jtpl;Lg; Nghd ehbfis itj;J> cyfj;jpy; cs;s ahUf;F Ntz;LkhdhYk; mtu;fsJ Kw;gpwg;G> ,g;gpwg;G> mLj;j gpwg;G tiuapyhd midj;J tplaq;fisAk; mwpe;Jnfhs;s KbAk; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLtJjhd; ehb Nrhjplj;jpd; jdp Kj;jpiu (speciality). Nrhjplk; ghu;f;f tUfpwtupd; ifNuif kw;Wk; gpwe;j Njjp Mfpatw;iwg; ngw;W> mijf; nfhz;L mtutu;fSf;F cupa Rtbiaj; Njb vLj;J> mijg; gbj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;fs;. itj;jP];tud; Nfhapypy; njhlq;fpa ,e;j tif Nrhjplk;> ,d;W cyfk; KOJk; fpis gug;gp> rf;ifNghL Nghl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. itj;jP];tud; Nfhapypy; kl;LNk ,g;NghJ 48 Nrhjpl epiyaq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;gij itj;Nj mjw;fhd kTirg; gw;wp njupe;J nfhs;syhk;.

,g;gb ehb N[hjplj;ijg; gyu; nfhz;lhLtJ xUGwkpUe;jhYk;> ,J Rj;j Vkhw;W Ntiy vd;W mjw;nfjpuhff; nfhbgpbg;gtu;fSk; ,Uf;fj;jhd; nra;fpwhu;fs;. mg;gbj;jhd; NfhghyfpU\;zd; vd;gtu; xUgb NkNy Ngha; ePjpkd;wj;Jf;Nf Ngha;tpl;lhu;.

‘‘gf;fj;Jy rPu;fhopjhd; vd; CU. 35 tarhfpAk; ,d;Dk; fy;ahzk; MfiyNa> VjhtJ Njh\k; fP\k; ,Uf;Fkhd;D N[hrpak; ghu;g;Nghk;D KbT gz;zp> itj;jP];tud; Nfhapy;y gpugykh ,Uf;fpw rptrhkp ehb N[hrpau;fpl;Nl NghNdd;. mq;f epiwa NgU ehb gbg;ghq;f. mJy xUj;ju; jhd; vdf;F ehb gbr;rhU. vy;yhj;ijAk; mg;gbNa Gl;Lg;Gl;L itg;ghUd;D ghu;j;jh> ‘cdf;F fy;ahzk; MapLr;Rd;D Kjy;yNa jg;gh nrhd;dhu;. mg;Gwk; nrj;Jg;Nghd vq;f mk;kh capNuhl ,Uf;fhq;fd;Dk;> gj;jhtJ gbr;r ehd; gl;lg; gbg;G Kbr;R kpd;Jiwapy Ntiy ghu;f;fpNwd;Dk; ms;sp tpl;lhu;. ,Jf;F 500 &gh jl;rizAk; thq;fpf;fpl;lhq;f.

mg;gjhd; ehb N[hjplu;fs; vy;NyhUNk VNjh /gpuhL (fraud) Ntiyjhd; nra;Awhq;fd;D vd; kdRy gl;Lr;R. ,ij ek;gp gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhdtq;f te;J jq;fNshl gzj;ijj; njhiyr;rpl;Lg; Nghwhq;fNsd;D ftiyahTk; ,Ue;Jr;R. mjdhy ,ij vd;dhd;D ghu;j;JlZk;D KbT gz;zpNdd;. 2003 Mk; Mz;L nrj;Jg;Nghd vq;f mz;zNdhl ifNuif xU gj;jpuj;Jy ,Ue;Jr;R. mij gb vLj;Jl;Lg; Ngha;f; nfhLj;J> ‘,tU ntspA+u;y ,Uf;fhU. Neu;y tuKbay. mjhd; ifNuif nfhLj;J mDg;gpr;rhUd;D nrhd;Ndd;. mtNuhl cz;ikahd gpwe;j NjjpiaAk; nrhd;Ndd;.

mij tr;R mtNuhl Xiyr; Rtbia vLj;Jl;ljh nrhd;d rptrhkpNahl Ms; xUj;ju;> vq;fz;zd; capNuhl ,Ug;gjhfTk;> mtUf;F 78 taJ tiu ePz;l MAs; ,Ug;gjhfTk; nrhd;dhu;. mij mg;gbNa mtu;fs; ifahy; vOjpAk;> xyp ehlhitAk; thq;fpf;fpl;L te;Jl;Nld;. ,ij tr;R jhd; ehbN[hjplk; ngha;q;fpwij cyFf;Fr; nrhy;y KbntLj;Njd;. mjw;F Kjy;gbahjhd; ePjpkd;wj;Jf;Fg; NghapUf;fpNwd;’’ vd;W tpsf;fkhfr; nrhd;dhu;.

Nrhjplk; ghu;j;jNghJ Nrhjplu; fhl;ba Xiyr; Rtbfisg; glnkLj;Jf; nfhz;l NfhghyfpU\;zd;> mij jQ;ir ru];tjp kfhYf;F vLj;Jr; nrd;W mtu;fsplk; fhl;b tpsf;fk; Nfl;bUf;fpwhu;. mtu;fs;> ‘,J gz;ilf;fhy jkpo; vOj;Nj ,y;iy. ,g;NghJ jahu;nra;ag;gl;l Xiyjhd; ,J’ vd;W njspthfr; nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhu;fs;.

Xiyr;Rtbfs; Fwpj;J ed;F mwpe;j xUtu;> ‘‘rpj;ju;fs; vOjp itj;Js;sjhf nkhj;jk; 42>000 Xiyr;Rtbfs; ekf;Ff; fpilj;Js;sJ. mit murhy; gj;jpug;gLj;jg;gl;L tpl;ld. mit jtpu NtW vtuplKk; rpj;ju;fs; Xiyr;Rtbfs; fpilahJ. NkYk; rpj;ju;fs; ,yf;fpak;> ,yf;fzk;> ,ir> tuTnryT fzf;F> tu;kk;> Nahfh> kUj;Jtk; ,it gw;wpj;jhd; vOjpapUf;fpwhu;fNs jtpu> cyfj;jpy; gpwf;fpw vy;NyhUf;Fk; gf;fk; Nghl;L [hjfk; vOjp itf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy;> mtu;fs; ngaiur; nrhy;yp rpyu; kf;fis Vkhw;wp tUfpwhu;fs;. mtu;fspy; xUtUf;Ff;$l rpj;ju;fspd; Xiyr; Rtbapy; ,Uf;Fk; xU tupiaf;$l gbf;fj; njupahJ vdgJjhd; cz;ik. Mdhy; ,tu;fshfNt Xiyiaj; jahu; nra;J> mjw;F xU ftpij eil re;jj;ij cUthf;fp> nfl;bf;fhuj;jdkhf gpiog;G elj;jp tUfpwhu;fs;’’ vd;whu;.

jd;idg; Nghy; ,dpAk; ahUk; ehb N[hjpluplk; Vkhwf;$lhJ vdf; fUjp> kapyhLJiw tof;fwpQu; FNge;jpud; %yk; rPu;fhop Fw;wtpay; eLtu; ePjp kd;wj;jpy; Nrhjpl epiyak; kPJ Kiwg;ghL tpz;zg;gk; jhf;fy; nra;Js;shu;.

“gz;ila fhyj;jpy; vOjg;gl;l Xiyr; Rtbfs; vd;W Nghypahfj; jahupf;fg;gl;l gid Xiyr; Rtbfis itj;J vdf;F ehb N[hjplk; ghu;j;Jg; ngha;ahd jfty; fisf; $wpAs;sdu;. gupfhuk; Njlh tpl;lhy; gy rq;flq;fs; tUk; vd;W vd;id mr;RWj;jpg; gzk; gwpj;Js;sdu;. vdNt> cupa tprhuiz elj;jp ePjp toq;fNtz;Lk;” vd;W me;j tpz;zg;gj;jpy; mtu; Nfl;Ls;shu;.

rPu;fhop ePjpj;Jiw eLtu; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUf;Fk; ,e;j tof;fpy; tUk; 21 Mk; whs; rptrhkpia Neupy; Njhd;WkhW cj;jutpl;bUf;fpwhu; ePjpgjp ePyhtjp.

kf;fis Vkhw;Wtjpy; ehb NrhjplHfs; kd;dHfs;. ehb Nrhjplk; ghHj;jtHfisf; Nfl;Lg; ghUq;fs; “mJ Kw;wpYk; cz;ik. vdJ mg;gh mk;kh ngaH vy;yhk; mr;nrhl;lhfr; nrhd;dhH;” vd;ghHfs;. me;jg; ngaHfis rpy Nfs;tpfs; %yk; thbf;ifahsuplk; ,Ue;Nj ehbNrhjplH tutisj;jhH vd;w cz;ik mtHfSf;Fj; njuptjpy;iy.

cyfpy; 6>000 Nfhb kf;fs; tho;fpwhHfs;. gy Mapuk; Nghb kf;fs; tho;e;J kbe;J NghdhHfs;. ,tHfs; vy;NyhUf;Fk; 2>000 Mz;LfSf;F Kd; tho;e;j mf];jpaH> gpUF> tpahrH> thy;kPfp> trpl;lH MfpNahH Xiy> mjpYk; jkpopy;> vOjpitj;Jtpl;Lg; NghapUf;fpwhHfsh? Nfo;tufpy; nea;tbfpd;wnjd;why; Nfl;gtdf;F kjpapy;iyah?

Nkw;F ,e;jpa jPTfspy; 13 mzpfs; gq;Fgw;Wk; cyff; Nfhg;igf;fhd (2007) fpupf;nfl; Nghl;b ,d;W (khHr;R 13) njhlq;fp Vg;upy; 28 tiu eilngw ,Uf;fpwJ. tof;fk; Nghy Nrhjplf;fs;> vz;fzpj NrhjplHfs; filiaj; jpwe;J tpl;ldu;.

,e;jpa mzp nty;y Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,e;jpah vq;Fk;> Fwpg;ghf tUzhrpapy;> ahfq;fSk; G+irfSk; nra;aj; njhlq;fp tpl;ldu;!

xt;nthU tpisahl;L tPuu;fspd; fOj;jpYk; kzpf;fl;bYk; gy tz;zq;fspy; ke;jpuf; fapWfs;> jhaj;Jf;fs;> Jsrp khiyfs;. xt;nthU ge;ij tPRk; NghJk; mbf;Fk;NghJk; R+upa ek];fhuk;> fhaj;jpup ke;jpuk;> nrgk; nra;thHfshk;!

Kd;dH 2003 ,y; ele;j Nghl;bapd; NghJk; ,Nj fijjhd;. Mdhy; ,e;jpah kz;izf; ft;tpaJ!

xt;nthU ehl;Lf;fhuu;fSk; me;je;j ehLjhd; ntw;wpthif #lNtz;Lk; vd;W ahfKk; NahfKk; nrgKk; nra;aj; njhlq;fpdhy; tpisahl;L tPuu;fspd; jpwikf;F vd;djhd; kjpg;G? ,J vd;d xt;nthU kjf; flTSf;fpilNa elf;Fk; Nghl;bah? (tsUk;)

“xt;nthU ehl;Lf;fhuu;fSk; me;je;j ehLjhd; n[apf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ahfKk;> n[gKk; nra;a Muk;gpj;jhy;> tpisahl;L tPuu;fspd; jpwikf;Fj;jhd; vd;d kjpg;G? ,J vd;d xt;nthU kjf; flTSf;fpilNa Nghl;bah?” vd Kd;dH (mj;jpahak; 18) flhtp ,Ue;Njd; my;yth?

,e;jpa mzp nty;y Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,e;jpah vq;Fk;> Fwpg;ghf tUzhrpapy;> Nts;tpfSk; (ahfq;fSk;) G+irfSk; nra;aj; njhlq;fp tpl;ldu; vdTk; vOjpapUe;Njd;.

nrd;idf; flw;fiuapy; ,e;jpa mzp nty;y Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf 10 mb cau CJgj;jpiaf; nfhSj;jp itj;jhHfs;! nfhSj;jpatH rhjhuz Ms; my;y. nrd;id khefuhl;rp kd;w NkaH vk;. Rg;gpukzpad;!

,tH ghujPa [djhfl;rpiar; NrHe;jtH my;y. gFj;jwpT NgRk; fiyQH fUzhepjp jiytuhf ,Uf;Fk; jpKf cWg;gpdH! ,ijg; ghHj;Jtpl;L nrd;idf; flw;fiuapy; vijAk; jhq;Fk; ,jak; ,q;Nf Jhq;FfpwJ vd;W vOjpitf;fg;gl;Ls;s fy;yiwapy; gLj;jpUf;Fk; mwpQH mz;zh mtkhdj;jhy; nespe;jpUg;ghH vd;gjpy; ma;akpy;iy. flik> fz;zpak;> fl;Lg;ghL> gFj;jwpT vd;w Kof;fj;NjhL jhd; cUthf;fpa jpKf vg;gbnay;yhk; jlk; Guz;L gFj;jwpTf;F tpil nfhLj;J tpl;lJ vd;w ftiy mtUf;F epr;rak; Vw;gl;bUf;Fk;.

Nkw;fpe;jpa jPTfspy; eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fk; cyff; Nfhg;igf;fhd fpwpf;fl; Nghl;b gw;wp khiy KuR (28.2.2007) ,jo; gpd;tUkhW vOjp ,Ue;jJ.

“xU mzpapy; vd;djhd; jpwikahd tPuu;fs; ,Ue;jhYk; Nghl;b eil ngWk; ehs;> Neuk; Mfpait ve;j mzpf;Fr; rhjfkhf ,Uf;fpwNjh me;j mzpf;Fj;jhd; ntw;wp tha;g;G mjpfk; vd;W vz; fzpj epGzu;fs; fUj;Jj; njuptpj;Js;sdu;.

mj;Jld; tPuu;fspd; ngau;fs; mtu;fsJ gpwe;j ehs; kw;Wk; mtu;fs; mzpAk; gdpad;fs;> vz;fs; Mfpait$l ntw;wp Njhy;tpia epu;zapf;Fk; vd;W Nrhjplu;fs; Mjhuq;fSld; njuptpf;fpwhu;fs;.”

rup. fle;j Kiw 2003 ,y; eilngw;w cyff; fpupf;nfl; Nghl;bapy; ,e;jpah Vd; Njhw;wjhk;? mjw;Fk; khiy KuR fhuzk; nrhy;YfpwJ.

“fle;j 2003 Mk; Mz;L cyff; Nfhg;ig Nghl;bapy; ,e;jpa mzp ,Wjpg; Nghl;b tiu mghukhf Kd;NdwpaJ. Mdhy; mT];jpNuypa mzpaplk; gupjhgkhfj; Njhw;W cyff; Nfhg;igia ,oe;jJ.

,jw;Fr; rdpf;fpufj;jpd; Mjpf;f vz;zhd 8 jhd; fhuzkhk;. mjhtJ ,e;jpa mzp njhlu;e;J 7 Nghl;bfspy; ntd;W 8 MtJ Nghl;bf;Fs; Eioe;jJ. vdNt ,e;jpa mzpf;Fj; Njhy;tp Vw;gl;ljhf vz; fzpj epGzu;fs; Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wdu;.

,Nj Nghy; mg;Nghija Nfg;ld; fq;Fypapd; ,uhrpAk; Njhy;tpf;F Kf;fpa fhuzkhf mike;jjhk;. mtuJ ,uhrpahd vz;fs; 1>3>5 kw;Wk; 6 Mfpait vd;Wk; 8 Mk; vz; mtUf;Fr; rpwpJ$l ,uhrp ,y;yhj vz; vd;Wk; ,tu;fs; $Wfpd;wdu;.

2003 ,y; Njhw;wjw;F ,g;nghOJ ,e;j vz; fzpj Nrhjplu;fs; fhuzq;fs; nrhy;Yfpwhu;fNs? mg;nghOJ 2003 ,y; vd;d nrhd;dhu;fs;? vz; fzpjj;ij vy;yhk; fl;lk; Nghl;Lf; $l;bf; fopj;Jg; ngUf;fp mtu;fs; nrhd;dJ vd;d?

“njd; Mg;gpupf;fhtpy; eilngw;W tUk; cyff; Nfhg;igia ,lJ if Ml;lf;fhuuhd ,e;jpa Nfg;ld; fq;Fyp ifgw;Wthu;” vd;W gpugy vz; fzpj N[hjplu; xUtu; njuptpj;J cs;shu;. NkYk; me;j N[hjplu; njuptpj;jjhtJ:

“1979 Mk; Mz;L ele;j cyff; Nfhg;ig Kjy; 1999 Mk; Mz;L tiu ele;Js;s cyff; Nfhg;ig tiu xU cyff; Nfhg;igia ,lJ if Ml;lf;fhuu; (Nfg;ld;) ifg;gw;wpdhy; mjw;F mLj;j cyff; Nfhg;igia tyJ if gof;fKs;s Nfg;ld; vd khwp khwp ntd;Ws;sdu;. me;j tifapy; ,e;j Kiw ,lJ if Ml;lf;fhuuhd fq;Fyp jiyikapy; cs;s ,e;jpa mzpjhd; Nfhg;igiaf; ifg;gw;Wk;” vd;W nrhd;dhH. ,e;j vjpH$wiyj; jpdj;je;jp %d;W gj;jp jiyg;Gg; Nghl;L ntspapl;lJ.

jpdj;je;jp kl;Lkh? jpdkzp (14- 3- 2003) Ak; ,e;jpahjhd; nty;Yk; vd;W nra;jp ntspapl;lJ.

“,e;jpahTf;Nf Nfhg;ig vz; N[hjplk; fzpg;G” vd;W ehd;F gj;jp jiyg;Gg; Nghl;L vz;fzpj Nrhjplupd; fzpg;ig ntspapl;lJ!

“xU cyfg; Nghl;bf;Fk; kw;nwhU Nghl;bf;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s Mz;Lfspd; vz;zpf;if ehd;F. mT];jpNuypah 1987> 1999 Mfpa Mz;Lfspy; Nfhg;igia ntd;Ws;sJ. ,ilntsp 12 Mz;Lfs; - vz; fzf;fPl;bd;gb mLj;j vz; 20 (mjhtJ 4>12>20) me;j mbg;gilapy; Nfhg;ig ,e;jpahTf;F te;J NrUk; vd;W $WfpwJ N[hjplk;” vd;W jpdkzpapd; vz;fzpj N[hjplu; fzpj;Jr; nrhd;dhH.

2003 ,y; cyff; Nfhg;ig ,e;jpahTf;F te;J Nru;e;jjh? 2003 ,y; ,e;jpah Njhy;tpiaj; jhd; Rke;jJ!

“fpwpf;nfl; vd;whNy XLk; N[hjplu;fs;” vd;gJ jiyg;Gr; nra;jp. nra;jp ,g;gbj; njhlq;FfpwJ.

“cyff; Nfhg;igia ,e;jpahjhd; n[apf;Fk;!” vd;W Clfq;fs; khw;wp> khw;wp rj;jpak; nra;J nrt;tp mspj;j N[hjplu-fs; epiyik epuk;gg; gupjhgk;. ghtk;! ntspapy; jiy fhl;lNt gag;gLfpwhu;fs;!” vd;W jpdkyH nra;jp ntspapl;bUe;jJ. filrpapy; jpdkyH vg;gbr; nra;jpia Kbj;jpUe;jJ?

“jdJ N[hjplk; jiyfPohfg; Nghdjhy; gaq;fu tension dpy; ,Uf;fpwhuhk; kpj;jpudpd; NrhjplH ek;G+jpupghl;. ,e;j epiyapy; ntspapy; jiy fhl;LtJ ed;whf ,Uf;fhJ vd;gjhy;> tPl;NlhL Klq;fp ,Uf;fpwhuhk;. “ehd; vd;d nra;a KbAk;? vd;dplk; mT];jpNuypa> ,e;jpaf; Nfg;ld; ,UtuJk; gpwe;j Njjp kl;Lk;jhd; fpilj;jJ. gpwe;j Neuk; Jy;ypakhff; fpilj;jpUe;jhy; fzpg;Gk; fr;rpjkhf ,Ue;jpUf;Fk;’ vd;W fz;zpy; jl;Lg;gLk; ez;gu;fsplk; nrhy;yp tUj;jg;gLfpwhuhk;.’’ ,t;thW kq;fyk; ghb Kbj;jJ jpdkyu; VL!

nehz;bf; Fjpiuf;Fr; rWf;fpaJ rhl;L vd;ghHfs;. my;yJ Mlj;njupahj Mly;kfs; $lk; Nfhzy; vd;whshk;. ,e;jg; gonkhopfs;jhd; vdf;F epidTf;F tUfpwJ. gpwe;j Neue;jhd; Jy;ypakhff; fpilf;ftpy;iyNa Ngrhky; ,Uf;f Ntz;baJ jhNd? ahiu Vkhw;w ,e;jj; jfL jj;jk; my;yJ rl;Gf;fl;L?

2003 ,y; NrhjplHfs; $wpa vjpH$wy;fs; vg;gbg; ngha;j;Jtpl;ldNth mNjNghy; ,g;NghJ elf;Fk; cyff; Nfhg;igg; Nghl;b njhlHghf nrhy;yg;gl;l vjpH$wy;fSk; ngha;j;Jtpl;ld.

fpwpf;fl; gf;jHfs; nra;j ahfq;fs;> G+irfs;> Njhr gupfhuq;fs; vy;yhNk KOikahf waste Mfp tpl;ld. ghy; gok; nea; japH rhg;gpl;l flTs;fs; gf;jHfis Vkhw;wptpl;ld!

New;W (rdpf;fpoik – 18 -03- 2007) ele;j Kjy; Nghl;bapy; ,e;jpa mzp Nkhrkhf Mbj; Njhw;Wtpl;lJ. rhjhuz Njhy;tp my;y - gLNjhy;tp - Nftykhd Njhy;tp. mJTk; ahuplk;? fpupf;fl; tpisahl;by; fw;Wf;Fl;bfs;> fhfpjg; Gypfs; vd;W vz;zg;gl;l tq;fNjr mzpaplk;!

,e;jj; Njhy;tp ,e;jpa ,urpfHfis mjpHr;rpapy; Mo;j;jpAs;sJ. Kjy; Nghl;bapNyNa rhjhuz mzpahd tq;fNjrj;jplk; ,e;jpa tPuHfs; jpzwpg; NghdJ. ,e;jpahTf;F kpfg; ngUk; neUf;fbia cUthf;fpAs;sJ. ,e;jpa mzpapd; Nfhg;igf; fdit Nfs;tpf; Fwpahf;fptpl;lJ.

jq;fsJ mzp typik tha;e;j ,e;jpahit tPo;j;jpaijj; njhiyf;fhl;rp %yk; ghHj;j gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd tq;fNjr fpupf;nfl; ,urpfHfs; njUf;fspy; $b Mbg;ghb cw;rhf nts;sj;jpy; %o;fp me;j ntw;wpiaf; nfhz;lhbdH. gl;lhRfs; rukhupahf ntbf;fg;gl;ld

,Nj rkak; Nfhg;igf; fdtpy; kpje;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; jPtpu fpupf;nfl; ,urpfHfSf;F tq;fNjr mzpaplk; ,e;jpa mzp Nkhrkhf Mbj; Njhy;tpiaj; jOtpaJ gyj;j Vkhw;wj;ijf; nfhLj;Js;sJ. ,e;jpa fpwpf;nfl; mzp tPuHfspd; cUtg; glq;fis ,urpfHfs; jPapl;Lf; nfhSj;jpdH. [ye;jH> gl;dh> nfhy;fj;jh Nghd;w gy;NtW CHfspy; fz;ldg; MHg;ghl;lq;fs; elj;jpAs;sdH.

,e;jpa mzp tq;fNjr mzpaplk; GwKJF fhl;baJ vdf;F kfpo;r;rpiaf; nfhLf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; ,e;jpa mzp NrhjplHfspd; vjpH$wy;fisAk;> Nts;tp> G+ir> mUr;rid> ke;jpupj;jy; Nghd;w %lr;rlq;Ffs; - ek;gpf;iffs; - Mfpatw;iwg; ngha;f;fr; nra;jJ vdf;F nkj;j kfpo;r;rpjhd;!

Nju;jy; KbthdhYk; rup> fpwpf;nfl; Nghd;w tpisahl;Lfspd; KbTfshdhYk; rup VNjh FUl;lhk; Nghf;fpy; gyd; nrhy;yp fhf;if cl;fhug; gdk; goKk; tpOe;jJ vd;gjw;Nfw;g rpy Neuq;-fspy; gypg;gij itj;Jf; nfhz;L Nrhjplk; vd;why; cz;ik> Kf;fhYk; cz;ik vd;W gpiog;G elj;Jk; $l;lj;ij ,dpAk; njhopy; nra;a mDkjpf;fyhkh? kf;fs;jhd; mtHfis ek;gyhkh? fpwpf;nfl; jpUtpoh elf;Fk; ,e;jf; fhy fl;lj;jpy; kf;fs; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

ve;jr; rpf;fy; MdhYk; mjw;Fs; %f;if Eioj;J> jq;fs; Ruz;ly; njhopiy elj;Jk; xU nfhs;isf;fhuf; $l;lk; ehl;by; ,Uf;fj;jhd; nra;fpwJ. ,tu;fsplk; gzk; nfhLj;J Vkhe;jtu;fs; - Efu;Nthu; - ,g;NghJ ePjpkd;wjJf;Fr; nry;yj; njhlq;fpAs;shHfs;. Vnddpy; Nrhjplj;ij ,tu;fs; njhopyhfj;jhNd elj;Jfpwhu;fs;? jkpof muR Nrhjplj;jhy; tpisAk; Nfl;il kdjpy; nfhz;L mjidj; jil nra;a eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

%lg;gof;f tof;fq;fis xopg;gjpy; Clfq;fSf;Fg; ngUk; gq;Fz;L. Kjypy; mtHfs; Nrhjplk; gw;wpa tpsk;guq;fis> nra;jpfis> gyhgyd;fisg; NghLtij epWj;j Ntz;Lk;. mjw;Fg; gjpy; mwptpay; gw;wpa jfty;fis epiwa ntspapl Ntz;Lk;. khdpl Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;F mwptpaYk; gFj;jwpT ,uz;LNk cjTk;. (tsUk;)

,e;jpahit vjpu;j;J Mba ,yq;if mzp 254 Xl;lq;fs; vLj;jJ. mLj;J Mba ,e;jpa mzp 185 Xl;lfq;fs; kl;LNk vLj;jJ. MfNt 69 Xl;l tpj;jpahrj;jpy; ,e;jpah gLNjhy;tpiaj; jOtpaJ. ,jid mLj;J ,e;jpa mzp %l;il Kbr;Rld; ehL jpUk;GfpwJ.

ngH%lh mzp tq;fhsNjr mzpia ntw;wp fz;lhy; ,e;jpah ,Wjpr; Rw;Wf;F Kd;Ndw tha;g;Gz;L vd;w vjpHghHg;Gg; ngha;j;Jtpl;lJ. kio fhuzkhf ngH%lh – tq;fhsNjr mzpfSf;F ,ilapyhd Ml;lk; eilngwtpy;iy. vdNt Vw;fdNt ,e;jpa mzpia ntd;w tq;fhsNjr mzp ,Wjpr; Rw;Wf;F Kd;NdwpAs;sJ. kio ,y;yhJ ,Ue;jhYk; ngH%lh mzp tq;fNjr mzpia ntd;wpUf;f tha;g;gpy;iy. fhuzk; ngH%lh mzp xU njhopy;rhH mzpay;y. mjpy; rl;lk;gpfs;> fhty;JiwapdH Nghd;NwhHjhd; tpisahbdhHfs;. tpisahbd mj;jid Ml;lq;fspYk; ngH%lh mzp ngupa tpj;jpahrj;jpy; Njhy;tpiaf; fz;lJ.

NehQ;rhd; mzpahd ngH%lhit ,e;jpa mzp Jitj;J vLj;jJ. Mdhy; ,yq;if mzpaplk; gupjhgfukhfj; Njhw;Wtpl;lJ. ,id mLj;J ,e;jpa mzp Ml;lf;fhuu;fspd; glk;> cUtg; nghk;ikfs; nfhSj;jg;gl;ld. rpy Ml;lf;fhuHfSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd tPLfs; Xl;ly;fs; jhf;fg;gl;ld. ,g;NghJ rr;rpd; njd;Lf;fhH cl;gl gy Ml;lf;fhuHfsJ tPLfSf;F fhty;JiwapdH ghJfhg;Gf;F epWj;jpitf;fg;gl;Ls;sdH.

ntd;why; Ml;lf;fhuHfsJ glq;fSf;F fw;G+uk; Vw;WtJk; Njhw;why; cUtg; nghk;ikfis vupg;gJk; ,ay;Gjhd;.

cyff; Nfhg;igg; Nghl;bia cw;W Nehf;FNthUf;F jpwikAk; mzp kdg;ghd;ik Ak; (Team spirit) cila mzp ntw;wpthif #LtijAk; jpwikaw;w mzp Njhy;tpiaj; jOTtijAk; mtjhdpf;fj; jtwkhl;lhHfs;.

,jpypUe;J xU cz;ik njupfpwJ. fpupf;nfl; tpisahl;Lg; Nghl;bapy; ntw;wp ngWtJ me;je;j mzpfspd; jpwikiag; nghWj;jNj jtpu Nts;tp> G+ir> GdHf;fhuj;jhy; my;y vd;gJ njspthfpwJ.

cyff; Nfhg;ig Nghl;b njhlq;fpa ifNahL jpBnud;W Mq;fhq;F fpupf;nfl; gps;isahHfs; Kisj;J tpl;lhHfs;. nrd;id mz;zh efupy; ,uhkfpU\;zd; vd;gtH Nfhapy; fl;b mjpy; gjpndhU Kfk; nfhz;l “fpupf;nfl; gps;isahu;’’ vd;w nghk;ikiag; gpujp\;il nra;Jtpl;lhH. ,e;jf; fpupf;nfl; gps;isahupd; xU ifapy; kl;iliaAk;> xU ifapy; ge;ijAk; je;J G+irfs; elj;jp Fk;gpl Vw;ghL nra;jhu;.

gpgprp jkpNohirf;F New;W (rdpf;fpoik) nrt;tp mspj;j ,uhkfpU\;dd; fpupf;nfl; gps;isahuhy; vjidAk; rhjpf;f KbAk; vd;whH. gps;isahH ,e;jpa mzpNahL NrHe;J tpisahb ntw;wpiag; ngw;Wj; jUthH vd;whH. mjw;fhf ,uT gfy; Xk; ekfh ke;jpuk; nrhy;yp gps;isahiu topgLtjhfr; nrhd;dhH.

mz;zhefH mkHe;j fpupf;nfl; gps;isahNu
cdf;F ey;yngaH nfhLj;j vdf;Ff; ifnfhL
,e;jpa mzpia n[apf;ftpL!
ML fNzrh ML fNzrh
,e;jpa mzpia n[apf;f tpL fNzrh!

,g;gb jhd; vOjpa ghly; xd;iwAk; ghbf;fhl;bdhH. Mdhy; ,e;jg; gps;isahu; tpisahlTk; ,y;iy> ntw;wpiag; ngw;Wj; juTk; ,y;iy. fpupf;nfl; gps;isahH ,e;jpa mzpiaf; fhg;ghw;w mbNahL jtwptpl;lhH!

1983 Mk; Mz;Lf;Fg; gpwF cyff; Nfhg;igiag; ngw Kbahky; njhlu;e;J ,e;jpah Njhw;WtUfpwJ. ,e;j KiwAk; Njhw;wJ. ve;j kjf; flTSk; ,e;jpahTf;Ff; if nfhLf;ftpy;iy. ahfk; nra;jJk; tPz;. G+ir nra;jJk; tPz;. nkOFtj;jp Vw;wp itj;jJk; tPz;.

,e;jpa fpupf;nfl; mzpapd; Njhy;tp ahfj;jhy; gyd; ,y;iy> gjpndhU Kfg; gps;isahUf;Fk; Mw;wy; ,y;iy vd;gij vz;gpf;fNt gad;gl;Ls;sJ.

tl ehl;ilr; NrHe;j xUtH jdJ rpWePufj;ij (fpl;dp) tpw;W fpupf;nfl; ghu;f;fr; nrd;whuhk;.

cyff; Nfhg;igf;fhd fpupf;nfl; Nghl;bia mLj;J xU Gjpa Nrhjplk; cUthfpAs;sJ. mjw;F itj;Js;s ngaH fpupf;nfl; Nrhjplk; (Cricket Astrology)! ,e;jr; Nrhjplj;ijf; fz;Lgpbj;jtuJ ngaH tp. Mde;j;. ,tH xU tof;FiuQUk; MthH. mtH Mq;fpyj;jpy; vOjpAs;s fl;Liuapd; jkpohf;fj;ijf; fPNo gbAq;fs;.

“fpK 2 Mk; Ehw;whz;ilr; NrHe;j tuhfkpUfH vd;gtNu Nrhjplf; fiyapd; je;ij vd miof;fg;gLfpwhH. ,tH tpz;zpy; elf;Fk; epfo;Tfs; gw;wp vOjpapUf;fpwhH. #upa - re;jpu fpufzq;fs; ,lk;ngWtij 14 my;yJ 15 ehs; tpj;jpahrj;jpy; vjpH$wy; $wpAs;shH. mtH $wpatw;iw epfo;fhyj;Jf;F khl;Nlw;Wr; nra;J ghHj;jhy; fle;j khHr;R 4 Mk; ehs; re;jpu fpufzKk; khHr;R 19 Mk; whs; #upa fpufzKk; ,lk; ngw;wd. ,jdhy; gy ,yl;rk; kf;fisg; ghjpf;Fk; xU Kf;fpa tpisahl;L tpoh eilngw ,Uf;fpwj. ,jidf; Nfhs;fs; kw;Wk; el;rj;jpuq;fspd; tupirepiy (alignment) njhl;Lf;fhl;LfpwJ. .

cyff; Nfhg;ig Nghl;bapy; 16 mzpfs; Nghl;bapLfpd;wd. mtw;wpd; Nfhs; epiyia itj;Jg; ghHj;jhy; Nkw;F ,e;jpa mzpNahL mT];jpNuypah ,e;jpah kw;Wk; ,q;fpyhe;J njhlf;fj;jpNyNa ed;whf MLthHfs;. ,q;fpyhe;J kw;Wk; ,e;jpa mzpfspd; jFjpepiy (form) khHr;R 7 mstpy; jhof;$Lk;. Mdhy; khHr;R 21 f;Fg; gpd;dH jdpg;gl;l Ml;llf;fhuHfspd; jpwikahd tpisahl;lhy; ,uz;L mzpfSk; jiyJhf;fptpLk;. mNj rkak; mT];jpNuypa mzpapd; ntw;wp tha;g;G khHr;R 31 njhlf;fk; ,uz;L fpoikfSf;Fr; rpwpJ gpd;dila NeupLk;. mjd; gpd;dH mT];jpNuypa mzp jpwikahf tpisahLk;.

njhlf;fj;jpy; ghfp];jhd; kw;Wk; =yq;fhtpw;F epiyik rhjfkhf ,Uf;fhJ. =yq;fh mzpapd; Ml;lk; Ml;lf;fhuHfs; fhak;gLtjhy; mjw;F gpd;dilT Vw;gLk;. epA+rPye;J> nejHyd;l;];> rpk;ghNt> nfd;ah> tq;fhsNjrk;> ngH%lh kw;Wk; fdlh njhlf;fj;jpy; ed;whf MLthHfs;. epA+rPye;J mzp gbg;gbahf tPo;r;rp milAk;.

ve;j mbg;gilAk; ,y;yhj .NrhjplH Mde;jpd; vjpH$wy; jg;Gk; jtWkhf ,Ug;gijf; fz;$lhff; fhzyhk;.

xU jdpkdpjdJ rhjfj;ij itj;J gyd; nrhy;yyhk;. Mdhy; xU mzpf;F vij itj;Jg; gyd; nrhy;tJ? mzpj; jiytuJ rhjfj;ijah? mg;gbnad;why; kw;wtHfsJ rhjfk; ntWk; ntw;Wj;jhs;fsh vd;d?

,e;jpa fpupf;nfl; ,urpfHfSf;F kl;Lky;y =yq;fhtpd; murpay;thjpfSf;Fk; Nrhjpl;jpy; ek;gpf;if ,Uf;fpwJ. mjpYk; ,d;iwa Ml;rpj;jiytH kfpe;jh ,uhrgf;Nrf;F Nrhjplj;jpy; mghu ek;gpf;if ,Uf;fpwJ. mtH ve;j Kbit vLf;F Kd;dUk; NrhjplHfNshL fye;J Ngrptpl;Nl KbT vLf;fpwhH.

fTjk Gj;jH Nrhjplk; Kl;lhs;fs; tpUk;Gk; xU jpu];\Pd tpj;a (Thirascheena Vidya) vd;W tUzpj;;Js;shH. jpu[;\Pz tpj;a vd;why; tpyq;F mwptpay; vd;gJ nghUs; MFk;. gTj;j gpf;FfSk; gpf;FzpffSk; Nrhjplj;jpy; ek;gpf;if itf;ff; $lhJ vd;Wk; mjidj; njhopyhff; nfhs;sf; $lhJ vd;Wk; Gj;jH Nghjpj;Js;shH

Gj;jH kdpjdJ vjpHfhy tho;f;if mtdJ vz;zq;fisg; nghWj;Nj mikAk; vd;Wk; Nfhs;fs; el;rj;jpuq;fs; Nghd;wtw;why; my;y vdTk; Nghjpj;jhH. gTj;j [hjf fij xd;wpy; Nfhs;fs; - el;rj;jpuq;fspd; ,Ug;ig itj;J KbT vLf;fg;gLtJ vs;sp eifahlg; gl;Ls;sJ. (Glossary of Buddhist terms: Astrology)

Gj;juJ Nrhjpl vjpHg;G tpid tpidg;gad; (fhuz fhupak;) ek;gpf;ifaw;w Ntjfhy ghHg;gdHfspd; vjpHg;ig mtUf;Fj; Njbf; nfhLj;jJ.

,Ue;Jk; Nrhjplj;ij ek;Gk; gTj;jHfs; vq;Fk; gutyhff; fhzg;gLfpwhHfs;. mJ kl;Lky;y gTj;j NjuHfNs NrhjplHfshfj; njhopy; nra;tijf; fhzf; $bajhf cs;sJ. vdNt kfpe;j ,uhrgf;Nrf;F Nrhjplj;jpy; ek;gpf;if ,Ug;gJ xd;Wk; tpag;gpy;iy. Kd;dhs; Ml;rpj;jiytH uzrpq;f gpNukjhrhTf;Fk; ,e;jr; Nrhjplg; gapj;jpak; ,Ue;jJ. mtuJ mfhy ,wg;ig ve;j NrhjplUk; Kd;$l;br; nrhy;yp mtiu vr;rupf;tpy;iy vd;gJ NtW fij.

fle;j 2002 – 08- 18 ,y; ,yq;if gz;lhuehaf;f epidT kz;lgj;jpy; gd;dhl;L Nrhjplk; kw;Wk; Md;kPf mwptpay; khehL ele;jJ. mjpy; ePjp mikr;rH Kjd;ik tpUe;jpduhff; fye;J Nfhz;lhH.

,uhrgf;Nr jd;idr; re;jpj;j mikr;rHfsplk; jpl;lq;fSf;fhd epjp xJf;fPLfis vjpH tUk; Vg;upy; khjj;Jf;F Kd;dNu nra;AkhW mwpTWj;jpAs;shH. fhuzk; Vg;upy; khjj;Jf;F Kd;dH Ml;rp khw;wk; Vw;gLk; vd NrhjplHfs; vjpH$wy; $wpAs;shHfshk;!

,e;jr; nra;jpia Sunday Leader (khHr;R 25>2007) QhapW ntspaPl;by; murpay; gj;jp vOj;jhsH Rudpkhyh “Astrology dominates cabinet as moves to arrest Mangala get underway” vd;W jiyg;gpl;L vOjpa fl;Liuapy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH.

njd;dpyq;ifapy; “ gpugy NrhjplHfs;” gyH Nrhjplj;ij KONeukhff; nfhz;L njhopy; ghHf;fpwhHfs;. Nrhjpl khj ,jo;fSk; ntsptUfpd;wd. Mdhy; ngUk;ghyhd NrhjplHfs; gzj;ij thq;fpf; nfhz;L thbf;ifahsH tpUk;Gk; vjpH$wiyr; nrhy;yptpLfpwhHfs;.

nrd;w Kiw ele;j Ml;rpj;jiytH NjHjypy; ma;f;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rp Ntl;ghsH uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;fhNt nty;thH vd Ira-Handa VL vjpH$wy; nrhd;dJ. NrhjpluJ vjpH$wy; ngha;j;J NjHjypy; tpf;fpukrpq;fp Njhw;Wg; NghfNt jhd; Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw nghUs; tUtha; Nehf;NfhL mg;gbahd vjpH$wiyr; nrhd;djhf mjd; MrpupaH nrhy;ypj; jg;gpj;Jf;nfhz;lhH.

,g;gb NrhjplHfs; Gul;L Ntiyfspy; <Lgl;L kf;fis Vkhw;wpdhYk; Nrhjplj;Jf;Fupa kTR Fiwahky; ,Uf;fpwJ. Vd; tsHe;J tUfpwJ vd;dW $lr; nrhy;yyhk;!

,uf;Fthidiar; NrHe;j khH\y; vd;gtuplk; mUs;thf;Ff; Nfl;l ,uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;fp jhd; Vg;upy; khjj;jpy; Ml;rpiag; gpbj;J tplg; Nghtjhfr; nrhy;fpwhH. vdNt Vg;upy; 14 kl;Lk; jhf;Fg;gpbj;J tpl;lhy; mjw;Fg; gpwF ve;jr; rpf;fYk; ,Uf;fhJ vd ,uhrgf;Nr mikr;ruit $l;lj;jpy; njuptpj;jhH. mikr;ruit Nrhjplj;ijg; gw;wp mjpf Neuk; fijj;jjhfj; njupfpwJ.

,d;iwa etPd cyfj;jpy; $l jkJ rhjfj;jpy; rdp xU Fwpg;gpl;l fl;lj;jpw;F te;jpUf;fpwJ vd;W xU Nrhjpld; nrhy;tijf; Nfl;L tpl;L eL eLq;fpg;Ngha;> %is Fok;gpf; nfhQ;rq; nfhQ;rkhfr; nrj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwtu;fs;. Nfhbf ;fzf;fpy; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;.

,aw;if epfo;r;rpfshd R+upa fpufzKk; re;jpu fpufzKk;> ngupa ghk;Gfs; R+upaidAk; re;jpuidAk; tpOq;Ftjhy; Vw;gLtjhf ek;gpf; nfhz;L jkJ jhj;jh> ghl;bfisAk; tpl Ntfkhf MW> Fsq;fSf;Fk; flYf;Fk; Xbg;Ngha; KOf;Fg; Nghl;Lg; ghtj;ijj; njhiyf;f Kaw;rpf;fpwtu;fspy; ,sq;fiy KJfiy gbj;Jg; gl;llk; ngw;w gl;ljhupfSk; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;.

rhjfk; nghUe;j tpy;iy vd;gjw;fhfg; gy jpUkzq;fs; jilgl;Lg; Nghfpd;wd. rhjfj;jpy; gj;J mk;rq;fs; nghUe;jpapUf;f Ntz;Lkhk;. mtw;wpy; rpy gFj;jwpTf;F vjpuhdit. Nfhs;fis gif – el;G> nfl;lJ – ey;yJ vdg; gpupj;J itj;Js;shHfs;.

%yk; Mapy;ak;> mD\k; Nghd;wit nfl;l el;rj;jpuq;fs;> tpUr;rpfk; (el;Ltf;fhyp) Jyhk; Nghd;wit nfl;l ,uhrpfs;> MZf;Fk; ngz;Zf;Fk; el;rj;jpuq;fs;> ,uhrpfs; nghUe;jp tuhtpl;lhy; jpUkzj;ijr; NrhjplHfs; jLj;J tpLfpd;wdH.

Mz; - ngz; ,UtuJ jha; je;ijaupd; Fbg; gpwg;G> fy;tp> nry;tk;> cly; eyk;> Ntiy ,itnay;yhk; ,uz;lhk; gl;rkhfg; Ngha; tpLfpd;wd.

Gjd; Nghd;w ‘ey;y’ Nfhs;fistpl rdp Nghd;w ‘nfl;l’ Nfhs;fSf;F topghL mjpfkhf ,Ug;gJ mr;rj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; jhd;.

Nfhs;fs;> el;rj;jpuq;fs; vg;gb ,t;tsT njhifapdiu mbikahf;fp itj;jpUf;fpd;wd? Rkhu; 3>000 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dhy; gpwe;jjpypUe;J tsu;r;rpNa milahky; Njf;fkile;jpUf;fpw Nrhjplk;> Vuhskhd Kuz;ghLfis cs;slf;fpapUf;fpw xU fiy. mJ kdpj Fyj;ij Kd;Ndw tplhky; vg;gbj; jil nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ?

Gtpiaj; jtpu;j;J Vida Nfhs;fs; vy;yhk; ntWk; ghiytdq;fs;. mq;Nf capupdq;fNs tho KbahJ. ,tw;iwnay;yhk; njupe;J itj;jpUe;Jk; thdj;jpy; ,e;jf; Nfhs;fs; ,Uf;Fk; epiyfisg; nghWj;Jjhd; ekJ eyk; eykpd;ik mikfpd;wd vd;W kf;fshy; vg;gb ek;gpf; nfhz;bUf;f KbfpwJ?

Webster’s ; Mq;fpy mfuKjyp> Nrhjplk; xU Nghyp mwptpay; (pseudo Science) vd;W nrhy;fpwJ.

Nrhjplk;> thdtpaYld; (Astronomy) rpy mk;rq;fspy; neUf;fkhd njhlu;G nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. Mdhy;> thdpaypy; ngUk; Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;bUf;Fk; NghJ Nrhjplk; kl;Lk; mg;gbNa Njq;fpg; Ngha;g; Gtpiaj;jhd; R+upaDk; kw;Wk; Nfhs;fSk; Rw;wp tUtjhf ,d;dKk; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. (njhlUk;)

rhjff; fzpg;gpy; xU Foe;ij gpwe;j Neuk; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhFk;.. ehd;F kzpj;Jsp Ntw;Wik ,Ue;jhNy ,uhrpfs;> Nfhs;fs; khWgl;Lg; Ngha;tpLk; vd NrhjplHfs; nrhy;fpwhHfs;.

nts;isf;fhud; fz;L gpbj;j kzpg;nghwp mwpKfk; nra;ag;gL Kd;dH ,e;jpa NrhjplHfs; fhyj;ij my;yJ Neuj;ij gfypy; Qhapwpd; thd ,Ug;ig itj;Jf; fzpj;jhHfs;. ,utpy; tpz;kPd;fs; kw;Wk; re;jpud; Nghd;wtw;wpd; thd ,Ug;ig itj;Jf; fzpj;jhHfs;. mg;gbah fzpg;Gf;fs; Jy;ypakhf ,Ue;jpUf;f tha;g;gpy;iy. mz;zsthfNt ,Ue;jpUf;Fk;.

NrhjplHfs;> xU Foe;ij gpwe;j Neuj;jpy; ,g;Gtpiar; Rw;wpf; fpof;Fk; Nkw;Fkhf NkYk; fPOkhf thd tPjpapy; -

(m) glHe;Js;s ,uhrpr; rf;fuj;jpd; (Zodia Signs) ,UGwKk; 6 ghiff;Fs; fhzg;gLk; 12 ,uhrp kz;lyq;fs; (tpz;kPd; $l;lq;fs;)

(M) 360 ghif nfhz;l ,uhrpr; rf;fuj;ij xt;nthd;Wk; 30 ghif nfhz;l 12 $Wfshfg; gpupj;J tUk; 12 ,uhrp tPLfs;.

Mfpatw;wpd; jhf;fk; me;jf; Foe;ijapd; jiytpjpiaj; jPHkhdpg;gjhfr; nrhy;fpwhHfs;. Mdhy; me;jj; jhf;fk; my;yJ Mw;wy; vJ vd;gijr; NrhjplHfs; nrhy;tjpy;iy. VNjh xU Mw;wy; vd;W nrhy;yp kOg;gptpLfpwhHfs;.

xU ehspy; 24 kzpj;jpahyq;fs; ,Ug;gjhy; ,uz;L kzpj;jpahyq;fSf;F xt;nthU ,uhrpahf xd;wd; gpd; xd;whf cjpj;jtz;zk; ,Uf;fpd;wd.

vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf md;whLk; cjaj;jpd; NghJ QhapNwhL cjpf;Fk; Kjy; cja ,uhrpNa md;iwa ehs; mt;QhapW ,lk; ngw;Ws;s ,uhrpahFk;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf rpj;jpiu 14 Mk; ehs; QhapW cjaj;jpd; NghJ mt;QhapW ,lk;ngw;Ws;s Nkl ,uhrpNa md;iwa ehspd; cja ,uhrpahf ,lk; ngw;wpUf;Fk;. mNj Nghy; fhHj;jpif 27 Mk; ehs; QhapW cjpf;Fk; NghJ mt;QhapW epd;w tpUr;rpf ,uhrpNa md;iwa ehs; cja ,uhrpahf ,lk; ngw;wpUf;Fk;.

,e;j ,uhrp tPNl capH ,yf;fpdk; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLk; n[d;k ,yf;fpdk; MFk;. n[dd fhyj;jpy; re;jpud; epd;w ,uhrp tPL cly; ,yf;fpdk; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpd;w n[dd ,uhrp MFk;..

,t;tpjk; mikAk; cja ,uhrpf;F mLj;J cjakhFk; ,uz;lhtJ ,uhrp ,y;ykhFk;. ,t;tpjkhf QhapW fpof;Nf cjpj;J Nkw;Nf kiwe;J kWgbAk; fpof;fNf cjpf;Fk; 24 kzpj;jpahyq;fspy; rkkhd 60 ehopifapy; (24 kzpj;Jsp nfhz;lJ xU ehopif) 12 ,uhrp tPLfSk; xd;wd; gpd; xd;whf cjpj;J gpd;dH kiwe;JtpLfpd;wd.

,uhrpfs; NghyNt el;rj;jpu kz;lyq;fisAk; NrhjplHfs; xU ,uhrpf;F 2 ¼ el;rj;jpuq;fs; (27/12 = 2 ¼ ) vd;w tpOf;fhl;by; mlf;fptpLfpd;wdH. mjw;F ,irthf xt;nthU el;rj;jpu kz;lyj;ijAk; fhy;> mb tapW> Nky; tapW> jiy vd ehd;F ghfq;fshfg; gpupj;Js;sdH. ,e;jg; ghfq;fs; xt;nthd;Wk; xU ghjk; vd;Wk; Kjy; fhy;> ,uz;lhk; fhy;> %d;whk; fhy;> ehd;fhk; fhy; vd;Wk; nrhy;yg;gLfpd;wd.

cz;ikapy; el;rj;jpu kz;lyq;fs; (,uhrpfSk; el;rj;jpu kz;lyq;fNs) fpof;F mbthdpy; cjpg;gjpy;iy.

Gtp Nkw;Ff; fpof;fhfr; Rw;WfpwJ. ,jdhy; el;rj;jpu kz;lyq;fs; fpof;F Nkw;fhfj; Njhd;wp kiwfpd;wd. ,J ntWk; GyZHT my;yJ Gyf;fhl;rpNa MFk;.

,jpy; Ntbf;if vd;dntd;why; Gtpapd; 66.5 ghiff;F tlf;F my;yJ njw;F jpirfspy; gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijfSf;F rhjfk; fzpf;f KbahJ. fhuzk; mq;F mbthdj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,uhrpfs kw;Wk; #upad; 30 ghif mstpy; cjpg;gjpy;iy!

xU Foe;ijapd; rhjfj;ijf; fzpg;gjw;F me;jf; Foe;ij gpwe;j Neuk; Kf;fpakhdJ vd;W ghHj;Njhk;. fhuzk; QhapW> kjp> Nfhs;fs;> el;rj;jpu kz;lyq;fs; Mfpatw;wpd; ,Ug;G kzpj;Jspf;F kzpj;Jsp khwpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ehd;F kzpj;Jsp NtWghL ,uhrp kw;wk; Nfhs;fspd; ,Ug;ig khw;wptpLk; tha;g;G ,Uf;fpwJ.

vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf xU Foe;ij gpwf;Fk; NghJ cja ,uhrp Kjyhk; tPl;by; ghif 29 kzpj;Jsp 57 ,y; epw;gjhf itj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; 4 kzpj;Jsp fopj;J mLj;j ,uhrp kzpj;Jsp 1 ,y; cjpj;JtpLk;. ,q;Nf 4 kzpj;Jsp NgWghL ,uhrpiaNa khw;wptpLfpwJ.

gpwg;G vd;gJ xU epfo;T my;y. xU fzj;jpy; jpBnud;W Foe;ij gpwe;JtpLtjpy;iy ( birthing process isn’t instantaneous) - mJ xU njhlH epfo;T. NrhjplHfSf;F ,ilNa gpwe;j Neuk; gw;wpa fUj;njhw;Wik ,y;iy.

xU Foe;ijapd; gpwe;j Neuk; jha; fUj;jupj;j Neukh? gdpf;Flk; cile;j Neukh? Nahdp thrypy; jiy Kjypy;; njupe;j Neukh? my;yJ Nahdpthrypy; ,Ue;J ntspte;j Neukh? Foe;ij Kjy; Kjyhf %r;Rtpl;l Neukh? njhg;Gs;nfhb mWf;fg;gl;l Neukh? Foe;ij Fth Fth vd;W mOj Neukh? my;yJ kUj;JtUk; jhjpAk; kzpg;nghwpiag; ghHj;J Fwpj;Jf; nfhz;l Neukh?

,tw;wpy; vJ vd;gJ gw;wp NrhjplHfSf;F ,ilapy; fUj;njhw;Wik ,y;iy. Md fhuzj;jpdhy; Foe;ij gpwe;j Neuj;jpy; 4 kzpj;Jsp NtghL ,Ue;jhYk; rhjff; fzpg;Gg; gpioj;JtpLk; vd;W nrhy;tjpy; nghUs; ,y;iy!

fUTw;gj;jp Neuj;ij tpl gpwe;j Neuk; Vd; Kf;fpak; vd;W nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;? xU Foe;ijapd; jhapdJ cly;eyj;ijtpl nrt;tha;f; fpufj;jpd; Ml;rp> cr;rk;> ghHit> Vw;wk;> ,wf;fk; (MNuhf;fzk; mtNuhf;fzk;) Vd; Kf;fpakhff; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;?

NgusT #upad; XusT re;jpud; ,uz;Lk; capupdq;fs; kPJ nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jfpd;wd. #upad; ,y;yhtpl;lhy; capupdq;fs; thoKbahJ. Mdhy; #upa – re;jpu nry;thf;F vy;yh kdpjHfSf;Fk; nghJthdJ. ,Ue;Jk; mtw;iw rhjff; fzpg;gpy; vLj;Jf;nfhs;tij rpwpjsT epahag;gLj;jyhk;.

Nfhs;fisf; fzf;fpy; vLj;j NrhjplHfs; Foe;ij gpwe;j ,e;j cyfj;ijf; fzf;fpy; vLf;fhky; mbNahL iftpl;L tpl;lhHfs;. Gtp xU Nfhs; vd;gJ mtHfSf;Fj; njupahJ ,Ue;jNj fhuzkhFk;!

kdpjdJ kdtsHr;rp> cly; tsHr;rp> gz;ghL> fiy Mfpatw;wpy; ,e;j cyfj;jpd; Gtpapay; #oy; NgusT nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;JfpwJ.

kdpjd; cz;Zk; czT> Fbf;Fk; ePH> %r;RtpLk; fhw;W kdpjHfsJ cly;eyj;ijg; NgZfpwJ my;yJ ghjpf;fpwJ.

fdlhtpy; gpwe;j xUtupd; ruhrup mfit 81 MFk;. mNj Neuk; xU ,e;jpadpd; ruhrup mfit 56 kl;LNk? ,jw;Fk; Nfhs;fSf;Fk; VjhtJ njhlHG ,Uf;fpwjh?

xU Foe;ij gpwf;Fk; NghJ Gtpiar; Rw;wp thdj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l ,uhrpfs;> Nfhs;fs;> el;rj;jpuq;fs; me;jf; Foe;ijapd; jiytpjpia jPHkhdpg;gjhf NrhjplHfs; nrhy;fpwhHfs;. Mdhy; cz;ikapy; NrhjplHfs; nrhy;tJ Nghy; xU Foe;ij gpwf;Fk; Neuj;jpy; ,uhrpfs;> Nfhs;fs;> el;rj;jpuq;fs; me;jf; Foe;ijapd; jiyf;F Nky; - fPo; epd;wdth?

,d;W cyfpy; ,uz;L tpjkhd Nrhjpl Kiwfs; gpd;gw;wg;gLfpd;wd. xd;W Nkw;Fyf Nrhjplk;. kw;wJ ,e;jpa Nrhjplk; MFk;. rPdHfSf;Fj; jdpahd Nrhjpl Kiwik ,Uf;fpwJ. mt;thNw ,dj;Jf;F ,dk; ehl;Lf;F ehL ntt;NtW Nrhjpl Kiwikfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.

Nkw;Fyf Nrhjpl Kiw ntg;g ,uhrptl;lk; (Tropical Zodiac) vd;Wk; ,e;jpa Nrhjpl Kiw tpz;kPd; ,uhrptl;lk; (Sidereal Zodiac) vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

,e;j ,uz;L Nrhjpl KiwfSk; fhyj;ijf; fzpg;gjpYk; Nfhs;fisj; njupT nra;tjpYk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W Kuz;gLfpd;wd. ,jdhy; NrhjplHfs; jhq;fSk; Fok;gp kw;wtHfisAk; Fog;Gfpd;wdH.

fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ml;ltiz el;rj;jpu kz;lyq;fspd; gpd;Gyj;jpy; QhapW cl;GFe;J ntsptUk; (cz;ikapy; QhapW cl;GFtJ ,y;iy> Gtpjhd; cl;GFe;J ntsptUfpwJ) fhyk;> mJ vLf;Fk; ehs;fspd; vz;zpf;if> mJ flf;Fk; ghifapd; msT> Nkw;Fyf (ntg;gkz;ly) Nrhjplf; fzpg;gpy; QhapW cl;GFe;J ntsptUk; fhyk;> ,Wjpahf ,e;jpa (el;rj;jpu) Nrhjplf; fzpg;gpy; QhapW cl;GFe;J ntsptu vLf;Fk; fhyk; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

ghy; kz;lyk;	QhapW GFjy; /ntspNaWjy; -thdpay;	ehs;fs;	ghif	Nkw;Fyf Nrhjplk;	,e;jpa Nrhjplk;
Nklk;	Vg;gpupy; 19 - Nk 13	25	24.66	khHr;R 21 – Vg;upy; 20	Vg;upy; 14 - Nk 14
,lgk;	Nk 14 – A+d; 19	37	36.49	Vg;upy; 21 - Nk 21	Nk 15 – A+d; 14
kpJdk;	a+d; 20 – A+iy 20	31	20.58	Nk 22 – A+d; 21	a+d; 15 – A+iy 15
flfk;	A+iy 21 – Mf];l; 9	20	19.73	a+d; 22 – A+iy 22	A+iy 16 – Mf];l; 16
rpk;kk;	Mf];l; 10 – nrg;njk;gH 15	37	36.49	A+iy 23 – Mf];l; 22	Mf];l; 17 – nrg;njk;gH 16
fd;dp	nrg;njk;gH 16 – xf;NjhgH 30	45	44.38	Mf];l; 23 – nrg;njk;gH 23	nrg;njk;gH 17 – xf;NjhgH 16
Jyhk;	xf;NjhgH 31 – nehntk;gH 22	23	22.69	nrg;njk;gH 24 – xf;NjhgH 23	xf;NjhgH 17 – nehntk;gH 15
tpUr;rpfk;	nehntk;gH 23 – nehntk;gH 29	7	6.9	xf;NjhgH 24 – nehntk;gH 22	nehntk;gH 16 – bnrk;gH 15
ghk;ghl;b	nehntk;gH 30 – bnrk;gH 17	18	17.75	fzf;fpy; vLg;gjpy;iy	fzf;fpy; vLg;gjpy;iy
jD	bnrk;gH 18 - rdtup 18	32	31.56	nehntk;gH 23 – bnrk;gH 21	bnrk;gH 16 - rdtup 13
kfuk;	rdtup 19 – ngg;utup 15	28	27.62	bnrk;gH 22 - rdtup 20	rdtup 14 – ngg;utup 12
Fk;gk;	ngg;utup 16 – khHr;R 11	24	23.67	rdtup 21 – ngg;utup 19	ngg;utup 13 – khHr;R 12
kPdk;	khHr;R 12 – Vg;upy; 18	38	37.48	ngg;utup 20 – khHr;R 20	khHr;R 13 – Vg;upy; 13

,e;j ml;ltiz xt;nthd;Wk; 30 ghiif nfhz;l nraw;ifahd ,uhrpfSf;Fk; (signs) cz;ikahd el;rj;jpu kz;lyq;fSf;Fk; (constellations) njhlHNg ,y;iy vd;gijj; Jyhk;gukhff; fhl;LfpwJ! (njhlUk;)

QhapW ,uhrp tl;lj;jpy; xt;nthU ,uhrpahfg; GFe;J ntspNaw vLf;Fk; fhy msT thdpaYf;Fk; Nrhjplj;Jf;Fk; tpj;jpahrg;gLtij QhapWk; el;rj;jpukz;lyq;fSk; vd;w ml;ltiziag; ghHj;Jj; (mj;jpahak; 22) njupe;jpUg;gPHfs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf thdpay; mtjhdpg;G %yk; QhapW Nkl ,uhrpapy; Vg;upy; 19 Mk; ehs;jhd; cl;GFfpwJ. Mdhy; ,e;jpa Nrhjplj;jpy; QhapW Nkl ,uhrpapy; GFk; ehs; Vg;upy; 14 MFk;. KOikahf 5 ehs; tpj;jpahrk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. vdNt Vg;upy; 14 Mk; ehs; gpwe;j Foe;ij Nkluhrpapy; gpwe;jJ vd;gJ gpioahd $w;whFk;. Vg;upy; 14 Mk; ehs; QhapW Nkluhrpf;F Ke;jpa ,uhrpahd kPd ,uhrpapy; (25 ghif) epd;wJ vd;gJjhd; rupahFk;.

,d;ndhd;iwAk; ePq;fs; ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. Nrhjplk; xt;nthU ,uhrpAk; 30 ghif nfhz;lJ vd;fpwJ. Mdhy; cz;ik mJty;y. Fk;g ,uhrpapd; msT 23.67 ghif kl;LNk. mjw;F mLj;j kPd ,uhrpapd; msT 37.45 ghif. ,t;thW xt;nthU ,uhrpAk; ntt;NtW msT nfhz;lit. ve;j ,uhrpAk; rupahf 30 ghif nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy.

,Wjpahf thdpay; mbg;gilapy; ghk;ghl;b ,uhrp vd;nwhU ,uhrp ,Uf;fpwJ. Nrhjplj;jpy; me;j ,uhrp fzf;fpy; vLf;fg;gltpy;iy. NrhjplHfs; me;j ,uhrpia tpUr;rpf ,uhrpNahL ,izj;Jtpl;lhHfs;!

,jd; gpd;Gk; “xt;nthU fpufj;jpw;Fk; xt;nthU %yfj;jpd; rf;jpAs;sJ. xUtu; Gtpapy; gpwf;Fk; NghJ ,e;jg; gpugQ;rj;jpy; cs;s midj;Jf; fpufq;fspd; fjpu;fSk; mg; gps;isapd; clypy; gha;r;rg;gLfpwJ. ,J me;jg; gps;is Gtpapy; gpwf;Fk; Neuk; elf;fpwJ. mt;tf; fpufq;fs; ,Ue;j J}uq;fs;> Nfhzq;fs; Kjypatw;iwg; nghWj;Nj mt;tf; fpufq;fspd; %yfq;fspd; msT me;jg; gps;isapd; clypy; nrYj;jg;gLk;. mij nghWj;Nj mg; gps;isapd; Gj;jp kw;Wk; clw;$w;W tplaq;fs; Vw;gLfpd;wd” vd;W NrhjplHfs; $WfpwhHfs;. .

“xUtu; Gtpapy; gpwf;Fk;NghJ ,e;j gpugQ;rj;jpy; cs;s midj;Jf; fpufq;fspd; fjpu;fSk; mg; gps;isapd; clypy; gha;r;rg;gLfpwJ” vd;gJ eilKiwr; rhj;jpak; mw;w epfo;thFk;. fhuzk; fpufq;fs;> tpz;kPd; Mfpatw;wpy; ,Ue;J xsp Ntfj;jpy; (xU tpdhbf;F 186>000 fy; my;yJ 300>000 fpkP) tUk; fjpH Gtpia cldbahf te;J NrUtjpy;iy. Neuk; fopj;Nj tUfpwJ.

xU Foe;ij gpwe;j Neuj;ijr; rupahff; fzpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;why; Fiwe;jJ Qhapwpd; fjpHfs; Gtpia te;J Nru vLf;Fk; 8 kzpj;JspiaAk; Gtp Neuj;NjhL $l;l Ntz;Lk;! NrhjplHfs; mg;gbr; nra;tjpy;iy.

NrhjplHfs; gpwf;Fk; Neuj;jpy; 2 kzpj;Jsp NtW gl;lhNy rhjfk; gpioj;JtpLk; vd;fpwhHfs;. mg;gb vd;why; 1-7 ehs;fs; gpiof;Fk; nghOJ rhjfk; vOJk; jhSf;Nf ngWkjp ,y;yhky; Ngha;tpLk;! ,jdhy; Nrhjplk; vt;tsT Gul;L vd;gJ GupAk; vd epidf;fpNwd;.

Mdhy; jkpoHfs; jpUkzg; nghUj;jk; ghHf;f ,e;j Nrhjplg; Gul;bd; rpd;dkhd rhjfj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhz;L ehahfg; Ngahf NrhjplHfsplk; miyfpwhHfs;. NrhjplH kzg;ngz;Zf;Fk; khg;gps;isf;Fk; nghUj;jk; ,y;iy vd;W nrhd;dhy; jpUkzk; epd;WtpLfpwJ!

GuhzpfHfs; ehk; thOk; cyfk;> #upad;> Nfhs;fs;> mz;lk; gw;wp vOjp itj;jpUg;gijg; gbg;gtH mit kpfTk; Foe;ijj;jdkhdJ vd;gij njupe;J nfhs;thHfs;.

,ij ePq;fs; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ mz;lntspapy; kzpf;F ruhrup 107>300 fpkP (67>062 iky;) Ntfj;jpy; gwe;J nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk; vd;w nra;jp vj;jid NgUf;Fj; njupAk;? Mk; G+kp ruhrup 149>597>870 kpy;ypad; fpkP (92>955>808 kpy;ypad; iky;) Jhuj;jpy; cs;s Qhapiw jd; Rw;Wg; ghijapy; tpdhbf;F 29.8 fpkP (18.5 iky;) Ntfj;jpy; Rw;wptUfpwJ. vdNt XH Mz;by; G+kp Qhapiwr; Rw;wptUk; njhiyT 939>953>014 fpkP (584058636 iky;) MFk;! (G+kp Qhapiw tl;lg; ghijapy; Rw;whky; ePs;tl;lg;ghijapy; Rw;Wtjhy; ,e;jf; fzf;F Kw;wpYk; rupay;y!)

QhapW xU el;rj;jpuk; vd Kd;dH ghHj;Njhk;. ,e;j el;rj;jpuk; Nghy; Nfhlhd Nfhb el;rj;jpuq;fs; Nfhlhd Nfhb ghy; kz;lyq;fspy; ,e;j mz;lj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd! mitAk; mz;lntspapy; Xba tz;zNk ,Uf;fpd;wd.

vkJ #upa FLk;gk; Nghy; vkJ ghy; tPjp kz;lyj;jpy; gy Nfhb #upa FLk;gq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mtw;wpy; Gj;jprhyp capupdk; thOk; rhj;jpak; ,Uf;fpwJ. mt;thW Gj;jprhyp capupdk; tho;e;jhYk; mit vkJ G+kpia te;jiltJ Kbahj fhupak;. mit xspapd; Ntfj;jpy; gj;jpy; xU klq;F - xU tpehbf;F 30>000 fpkP – nryT nra;jhYk; (ehrh rdpf; NfhSf;F mDg;gpa tpz;fyk; tpehbf;F 32 fpkP Ntfj;jpy;jhd; gazpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ) G+kpia te;jiltjw;F 1>000 Nfhb Mz;Lfs; gpbf;Fk;! kdpjHfs; Nghy;> NtW ehfupfq;fs; vq;fNshL njhlHG Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s vLf;Fk; fhyj;ijr; RUf;fpf; nfhs;s top ,Uf;fpwJ. thd; ntspapy; frpAk; vkJ njhiyf;fhl;rp kw;Wk; thndhyp xsp xyp gug;gpid xl;Lf; Nfl;fyhk;!

xU fijf;F ghy; tPjp kz;lyj;jpd; xU Gwj;jpy; ,Ue;J kWGwk; 2 fpoikfspy; flf;f xU mjpaw;Gj gaz tz;biaf; fz;L gpbj;jhYk; vkJ #upa kz;lyj;ijf; fz;L gpbf;f gy ,yl;rk; Mz;Lfs; vLf;fyhk;. mJ vkJ MAl;fhyj;jpy; rhj;jpakpy;iy.

NrhjplHfs; njhlHe;Jk; xd;gJ fpufq;fs; gw;wpNa NgRfpwhu;fs;. Mdhy; thdpayhsHfs; ,g;nghOJ vkJ Gtpiag; Nghd;w ,d;ndhU Gtp ,Ug;gijf; fz;Lgpbj;Js;sdu.

ma;Nuhg;gpa tpz;ntsp Ma;thsu;fNs ghy;kz;lyj;jpy; ,uz;lhtJ Gtpiaf; fz;Lgpbj;Js;sjhf mwptpj;Js;shu;fs;. mjw;F Gliese 581 C vdg; ngaH #l;bAs;shHfs;.

ehk; thOk; GtpapypUe;J 20.5 xsp Mz;L njhiytpy; cs;s rptg;G Fs;sd; (Red Dwarf) vd miof;fg;gLk; Gliese 581 el;rj;jpuj;ij ,e;j ,uz;lhtJ Gtp Rw;wp tUfpwJ. ehk; thOk; G+kp Qhapiwr; Rw;wp tUtJ Nghy; ,e;j ,uz;lhtJ Gtp Gliese 581 el;rj;jpuj;ijr; Rw;wp tUfpwJ. mstpy; vkJ Gtpiatpl 5 klq;F ngupaJ. me;jg; Gtpapy; Xuhz;L vd;gJ 13 Gtp ehs;fSf;F rkkhdJ. vkJ Qhapwpy; ,Ue;J Gtp ,Uf;Fk; njhiyit tpl %d;W klq;F njhiytpy; ,e;jg; Gtp el;rj;jpuj;ijr; Rw;wptUfpwJ. ,e;jr; rptg;G Fs;sd; QhapW Nghy; fz;$Rk; xsp gilj;jJ my;y. vkJ Qhapiwtpl 50 klq;F mjd; xsp kq;fyhdJ.

,g;Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;gpy; fhzg;gLk; ,f;Nfhspd;; jl;gntg;g epiy G+kpf;F xg;g ,Ug;gjhy; mq;F jz;zPu; jput tbtj;jpy; fpilf;Fk; vd;Wk; mq;F capupdq;fs; ,Uf;ff; $Lk; vd;Wk; fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,jdhy; ,jid Super Earth vdTk;> ,uz;lhtJ G+kp vdTk; Ma;thsu;fs; miof;fpd;wdu;.

rpyp ehl;by; epWtg;gl;Ls;s <Nrh 3.6 kPl;lu; njhiyNehf;F fUtpiag; gad;gLj;jpNa ,uz;lhtJ G+kpia Ma;thsu;fs; fz;Lgpbj;Js;sdu;. ,uz;lhtJ G+kpapd; ntg;g epiy 0 Kjy; 40 ghif nry;rparhf ,Uf;Fnkd kjpg;gpl;Ls;sjhy; mq;F jz;zPu; jput tbtj;jpy; ,Uf;ff; $Lnkd;W n[dpth Ma;thsu; nlghNd cl;up $Wfpwhu;.

,jDila tpl;lk; G+kpiag; Nghy; xd;wiu klq;F ,Uf;Fk; vd;Wk; mjDila jiug; gFjpapy; ghiwfSk; fly; gFjpfSk; ,Uf;Fk; vd;Wk; mtu; $Wfpwhu;. ,f;fz;Lgpbg;ig tpsf;fpf; $Wk; Ma;tpay; mwpf;ifapd; Kjd;ikj; jahupg;ghsuhf nlghNd cl;up nray;gLfpwhu;. vjpu;fhy tpz;ntspg; gazpfspd; Kf;fpa ,yf;fhf ,uz;lhtJ G+kp ,Uf;Fnkd kw;nwhU fz;Lgpbg;ghsu; Nrtpau; nly;Ngh $Wfpwhu;. ,e;jg; Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;G mwptpay; kw;Wk; tpz;Nfhs; Ma;thsu;fs; kj;jpapy; gugug;ig Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

mLj;j fpoik jpUkzj;jpd; NghJ rhjfg; nghUj;jk; ghHg;gJ vt;tsT mwptPdk; vd;gijg; ghHg;Nghk;. (njhlUk;)

Nrhjplk; fhyk; fhykhf kf;fspd; rpe;jidiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; fUtpahf NrhjplHfshy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L te;jpUf;fpwJ. thd tPjpapy; tyk; tUk; Nfhs;fs; kw;Wk; el;rj;jpuq;fspd; epiyfis itj;J kf;fspd; vjpHfhyj;ijj; jq;fshy; fzpj;Jf; $wKbAk; vd ,e;jr; NrhjplHfs; $WfpwhHfs;. xt;nthU kdpjDf;Fk; jdJ vjpHfhyk; gw;wpa mr;rk;> ftiy ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,e;jg; mr;rj;ijAk; ftiyiaAk; NrhjplHfs; jq;fSf;Fr; rhjfkhfg; gad;gLj;JfpwhHfs;. ,jdhy; Nrhjplg; Gul;Lf;Fj; jkpo;r; rKjhak; ,iuahfp tUfpwJ. Nrhjplk; vd;w %lek;gpf;ifahy; jkpo; rKjhaj;jpd; mwptpay; Kd;Ndw;wk; rpe;jid tsHr;rp ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,e;Jj; jkpoHfsJ tPl;Lj; jpUkzk; rhjfg; nghUj;jk; ghHf;fhky; eilngWtjpy;iy. fy;tp> nry;tk;> Fbg;gpwg;G Nghd;w nghUj;jq;fs; kzk; Ngrg;gLk; MZf;Fk; ngz;Zf;Fk; ,Ue;Jk; rhjfk; nghUe;jp tutpy;iy vd;why; me;jj; jpUkzg; Ngr;R epd;WtpLfpwJ.

gbahjtHfs; kl;Lky;y gbj;jtHfs; $l nrf;F khLfs; Nghy; rhjfg; nghUj;jk; ghHf;fpwhHfs;. KidtH gl;lk; ngw;w xUtH vl;lhk; tFg;igj; jhz;lhj xU Nrhjpluplk; rhjfq;fisf; fhl;bg; nghUj;jk; ghHf;fpwhH. mtiug; gbj;j Kl;lhs; vd;W miog;gijtpl NtW vt;thW miof;fyhk;?

rup nghUj;jk; ghHj;Jr; nra;j jpUkzq;fs; vy;yhk; tho;f;ifapy; ve;jr; rpf;fYk; ,y;yhky; vy;yhr; nry;tq;fSk; ,d;gq;fSk; ngw;W XNfh vd;W tho;fpwhHfsh?

nghUj;jk; ghHj;Jr; nra;jtHfs; Foe;ijfs; ,y;yhJ ,Uf;fpwhHfs;. rpyH gpupe;J tho;fpwhHfs;. rpyH kzKwpT nra;J nfhs;fpwhHfs;. rpyH khq;fy;ak; ,oe;J tpLfpwhHfs;.

Mdhdg;gl;l trpl;lH ghHj;J RgNahf Rg K$Hj;jj;jpy; epr;rapj;j ,uhkdJ Kb#l;L tpoh jilgl;Lg; Ngha;tpl;lJ. jilgl;lJk; my;yhky; ,uhkd; 14 Mz;Lfs; fhNlf NeHe;jJ!

Nrhjplk; gpiof;Fg; NghJ NrhjplHfs; Njhy;tpia tpjpkPJ Rkj;jptpl;Lj; jg;gpj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhHfs;!

jiytpjp gw;wp Ntiyapy;yhj GytHfs;> GuhzpfHfs; fz;lgb ghbapUf;fpwhHfs;. mit gz;bju; Kjy; ghkuu; tiu vLj;jhsg;gLfpwJ. “ehnkd;d mtu;fSf;Fk; Nkyhdtu;fsh?” vd;W Nrhk;Ngwp Qhdk; Ngrpf;nfhz;L jpupfpd;wdu.

vd;gjhf mt;it ghbapUf;fpwhuhk;. mJTk; vg;nghOJ? mtsJ jha; mtisg; ngw;wTld; tsu;f;f Mw;wyw;wtsha; Foe;ijiag; ghu;j;J gpupe;Jtplg; NghfpNwhNk vd;W fyq;fp epw;Fk; rkaj;jpy; Nkw;fz;lkhjpup (Foe;ij) ghbw;whk;>

rup> ,d;d - ,d;dgb jhd; elf;Fnkd;Wjhd; vOjp tpl;lhNu? gpd; mjd;gb jhNd vy;yhk; elf;Fk;. vjw;fhf fhyk; nfl;Ltpl;lJ> fypKw;wp tpl;lJ> nja;t ek;gpf;if mw;Wtpl;lJ> ngupNahu; nrhy;iyf; Nfl;ghu; ,y;iy> vd;W rkathjpfs;> gz;bjkzpfs; fjwNtz;Lk;? ,t;thW cyfpy; fjwpj; jpupAk;gb mtHfs; jiyapy; gpuk;kd; vOjptpl;lhd; NghYk;!

“md;nwOjpaij mopj;njOjg; Nghtjpy;iy” vd;why;> Njq;fha;> gok;> R+lk;> mUr;rid> Muhjid> fhaj;jpup ke;jpuk;> rf];huehk mUr;rid Kjypa rlq;Ffshy; mjid ePf;fKbAkh?

xU ghly; “rptha ekntd;W rpe;jpj;jpUg;ghUf;F mghak; xU ehSkpy;iy” vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. ,J cz;ikahf Ntz;Lkhdhy; mt;tpjk; rpe;jpg;gtu; kz;ilNahl;by; mghaNk fpilahJ vd;W vOjg;glNtz;Lk;. ,y;iyNay; md;nwOjpaij mopj;njOjg; Nghtjpy;iy vd;gJ ,tiug; nghWj;jstpy; ngha;ahfptpLk;.

Jhq;ifapNy thq;Ffpw %r;R – mJ Rop khwpg; NghdhYk; Nghr;R> vy;yhk; fpuf gyd;> el;rj;jpu Njhrk; vd ,e;J kjk; jkpoHfspd; %isiar; ryit nra;Jtpl;lJ.

ghujpahH xU Gul;rpf; ftpQH. %lg; gof;f tof;fq;fis ftpij vDk; rhl;ilahy; tpshrpatH. jkpo;r; rhjpapd; ehbia ed;F gpbj;Jg; ghHj;J jkpo;r; rhjpiag; gPbj;jpUe;j Nehia El;gkhff; fz;lwpe;J Neha;f;F kUe;J nrhd;dtH. jkpo;r; rhjpapy; kz;bf; fple;j %l ek;gpf;iffisf; fz;L fLk; rpdk; nfhz;ltH.

“ehs; NjhWk; rpyH ,we;J NghfpwhHfs;. kpQ;rpapUf;Fk; %lH “tpjptrk;" vd;fpwhHfs;. Mklh tpjptre;jhd;> “mwptpy;yhjtHfSf;F ,d;gkpy;iy" vd;gJ <rDila tpjp! jkpo; ehl;bNy rhj;jpuq;fspy;iy> cz;ikahd rhj;jpuq;fis tsHf;fhky;> ,Ug;gdtw;iwAk; kwe;J tpl;Lj; jkpo; ehl;Lg; ghHg;ghH ngha;f; fijfis %luplk; fhl;b tapW gpioj;J tho;fpwhHfs;." (ghujpahH ghly;fs; - gf;fk; 433 - 334)

nrj;j gpwF rptNyhfk; itFe;jk;
NrHe;jplyhk; vd;Nw vz;zpapUg;ghH
gpj;j kdpjH> mtH nrhYQ; rhj;jpuk;
NgAiuahk; vd;wpq;F Cjlh rq;fk;!

'Ntjq;fis ek;G> mtw;wpd; nghUisj; njupe;J nfhz;L gpwF ek;G. Guhzq;fis Ntjq;fshf epidj;J klikfs; Ngrp tpyq;Ffs; Nghy; ele;J nfhs;shNj.

jkpoh! cdJ Ntiyfs; midj;jpYNk ngha;f; fijfs; kpjkpQ;rp tpl;ld. cdJ kjf; nfhs;ifs;> nysfpff; nfhs;iffs;> itjpf eil vy;yhtw;wpYNk ngha;fs; GFe;J jiy Jhf;fp Ml ,lq;nfhLj;J tpl;lha;. ,tw;iw ePf;fp tpL> tPl;bYk; ntspapYk;> jdpikapYk; $l;lj;jpYk; vjpYk; vg;NghJk; NeHikapUf;f Ntz;Lk;! cz;ikapUf;f Ntz;Lk;!

ePAk; gpwiu tQ;rpf;fyhfhJ! gpwUk; cd;id tQ;rpf;fyhfhJ! gpwH gpwiu tQ;rpg;gijAk; eP ,ad;wtiu jLf;f Ntz;Lk;!

vy;yhg; NgWfisf; fhl;bYk; cz;ikg; NgWjhd; ngUik nfhz;lJ. cz;ik jtq;fSf;nfy;yhk; capH> cz;ik rhj;jpuq;fSf;nfy;yhk; NtH> cz;ik ,d;gj;Jf;F ey;YWjp> cz;ik gukhj;khtpd; fz;zhb> Mjyhy; jkpoh vy;yhr; nra;jpfspYk; cz;ik epyTk;gb nra;!

jkpoh! vOjpg; gbg;gnjy;yhk; nka;Akpy;iy> vjpH epd;W Nfl;gnjy;yhk; ngha;Akpy;iy. Ke;jpa rh];jpue;jhd; nka;> gpe;jpa rh];jpuk; ngha; vd;W jPHkhdk; nra;J nfhs;shNj. fhyj;Jf;Fk; cz;ikf;Fk; vjpupilahf xU fzf;F Vw;gl;bUf;fpwjh? 'jfg;gd; ntl;ba fpzW vd;W nrhy;yp %lHfs; cg;G ePiuf; Fbf;fpwhHfs;" vd;W gq;r je;jpuk; eiff;fpwJ." (ghujpahH fl;Liufs; - gf;fk; 134)

Nkw;F ehLfspy; NrhjplKk; kjKk; fyfg; gLtjpy;iy. Mdhy;> ,e;jpahtpy; NrhjplKk; ,e;J kjKk; gpd;dpg; gpize;J fplf;fpd;wd. NrhjplHfs; Njhrk; ,Uf;fpwjhfr; nrhy;ypf; Nfhapy;fspy; rhe;jp nra;AkhW NjhrfhuHfis mDg;gp itf;fpwhHfs;. NrhjplHfs; mDg;gj; jtwpatHfis Nfhapy;fhuHfNs thndhyp> ehspjo; thapyhf ntUl;b miof;fpd;wdH. fpuf Njhrj;jhy; ,uz;L NgH fhl;bYk; kio!

kw;w ve;j ,dj;jtiuAk;tpl jkpoHfs; Nrhjpl rhj;jpuj;jpd; Nky; msTf;F mjpfkhd ek;gpf;if itj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;.

jpUkzk; kl;Lky;y kw;w ve;j ey;y epfo;ntd;whYk; gQ;rhq;fk; ghHf;fhky; vijAk; nra;Ak; JzpT jkpoHfsplk; ,y;iy. fil jpwg;G tpohth? tPL FbG+uyh? gps;isf;Fr; NrhW Cl;lyh? fhJ Fj;jyh? ePj;jhH epidth? vjw;F vLj;jhYk; ,uhF fhyk;> ml;lkp etkp> akfz;lk;> kuzNahfk; vd ehSk; NfhSk; ghHf;fhky; ngUk;ghd;ikahd jkpoHfs; mLj;j mb vLj;J itg;gjpy;iy!

gy;yp nrhd;dhy; NghJk; vOe;jpUe;jtH cl;fhHe;J tpLthH. G+id FWf;Nf Nghdhy; nrhy;yNt Ntz;lhk;> rFdg; gpio vd;W nrhy;yp Ntiy epkpj;jkhf ntspNa Nghf ,Ue;jtH Ngrhky; tPl;by; ,Ue;J tpLthH.

fhyq;fhykhfr; Nrhjplj;jpd; kPJ itj;jpUf;Fk; ek;gpf;if tsHe;J tUfpwNj xopaf; Fiwe;j ghl;ilf; fhNzhk;.

thzpf Nehf;NfhL elj;jg;gLk; nra;jp VLfs;> fpoik VLfs; ghku kf;fspd; Nrhjpl Nkhfj;jpw;F nea;A+w;wp mjid NkYk; tsHj;J tUfpd;wd.

Nrhjplk;> ,uhrp gyd;> rdp ngaHr;rp> FU ngaHr;rp> ,uhF NfJ ngaHr;rp> jpUkzg; nghUj;jk;> Njhr rhe;jp> Nfs;tp gjpy; Nghd;wtw;iwj; jhq;fp tuhj VLfNs ,d;W ,y;iynad;W nrhy;yptplyhk;.

kw;w ,dj;jtHfs; tpOe;jhy; vOk;gp tpLfpwhHfs;. ,uz;lhtJ cyfg; Nghupy; ghupa capH ,og;Gf;fisAk; clik ,og;Gf;fisAk; re;jpj;j n[HkhdpaUk; ag;ghdpaUk; kPz;Lk; vOr;rp ngw;W ,kak; Nghy; cyf muq;fpy; vOe;J epw;fpwhHfs;! cyfpd; gzf;fhu ehLfspy; n[HkdpAk; ag;ghDk; Kd;tupirapy; epw;fpd;wd! njhopy;Jiwapy;> njhopy;El;gj;jpy;> nghUs; cw;;gj;jpapy; nfhbfl;bg; gwf;fpd;wd!

Mdhy;> jkpoHfs; tpOe;jhy; vOk;gNt khl;lhHfs;. mg;gbj; jg;gpj; jtwp vOk;gpdhYk; kPz;Lk; mNj <uepyj;jpy; tpOe;J tpLfpd;wdH!

Nrhjplg; nghUj;jk; ghHj;J> ey;yNeuk; ghHj;J> Ntj ke;jpuq;fs; Koq;f> mf;fpdp tsHj;J>

'Kjypy; ,e;j kzg; ngz;izr; Nrhkd; trg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhd;> mLj;J fe;jHtd; cd;id mile;jhd;> %d;whtJ ,e;jpuDf;F kidtpahdhs;> ehd;fhtJ mf;fpdp cd;id mDgttpj;jhd;. ngUikAk; GfOk; nfhz;l ,e;j Njt GU\Hfshy; mDgtpf;fg;gl;l cd;id kdpjdhd ehd; ,g;NghJ tupf;fpNwd;”

vd;W nrhy;yp> mf;fpdp rhl;rpahf> ghHtjp guNkRtud; rhl;rpahf> ,yf;Fkp =ehuhazd; rhl;rpahf> Kg;gj;J Kf;Nfhb NjtHfs; rhl;rpahf jhyp fl;b> ifj;jyk; gw;wp> Vob vLj;J itj;J> mk;kp kpjpj;J> mUe;jjp ghHj;J> mf;fpdp tyk; te;J nra;Jnfhz;l jpUkzq;fs; Njhy;tpapy;> kzKwptpy; Kbe;Js;sd.

Nrhjplg; nghUj;jk; ghHf;fhky; nra;J nfhz;l gy fhjy; jpUkzq;fs; ntw;wp ngw;Ws;sd.

Mz; ngz; ,UtuJ rhjfq;fisg; ghHj;Jg; kzg; nghUj;jk; ,y;iy vd;W Nrhjpluhy; js;sptpl;l rhjfq;fs; cz;ikapy; 'nghUj;jkhf' ,Ue;jpUf;fyhk;! nghUj;jk; vd;W nrhd;d rhjfq;fs; cz;ikapy; "nghUj;jk; mw;wjhf” ,Uf;fyhk;!

Nrhjpl ,uj;jpdq;fs;> Nrhjpl rpfhkzpfs;> Nrhjpl fiyf;Nfhf;fs; gpioahd rhjfj;ijf; fzpj;J mjd; mbg;gilapy; jpUkzg; nghUj;jk; ghHj;J gyuJ vjpHfhy tho;f;ifia ehrkhf;fp tpLfpwhHfs;. (tsUk;)

jkpo;j;; jpUkzq;fspy; 90 tpOf;fhL rhhjfg; nghUj;jk; ghHf;fhJ nra;ag;gLtjpy;iy. Fwpg;ghfr; nrhd;dhy; kw;w Neuq;fspy; mt;tsthf Nrhjplj;ij ehlhjtu;fSk; jpUkzk; vd;W tUk;NghJ mjpy; milf;fyk; GFfpwhu;fs;.

nfhOk;gpy; ,Ue;J ntspahFk; xU ehNsl;by; kzkfd; - kzkfs; Njit gFjpapy; mz;ikapy; te;j tpsk;guj;ijg; gbAq;fs;. rhjpia vLj;Jtpl;Nld;.

aho; ,e;J …... 85 Mk;; Mz;L. 5’ 3" cauk;. %yk; 1 Mk; ghjk;> rpq;f yf;fpdk.; 3 ,y; rdp NfJ> 5 ,y; re;jpud;> 6 ,y; FU> 8 ,y; R+upad; Rf;fpud; Gjd;> 9 ,y; nrt;tha.; uhF> yf;fpdj;Jf;F 4 ghtk;. A/L Computer gbj;j kzkfSf;F ntspehl;L kzkfd; Njit.

aho; Nwhkd; fj;Njhypf;f ……. 85 Mk;; Mz;L. 5’ 3" cauk;. cj;juk; 1 Mk; ghjk;. Jyh yf;fpdj;jpy; rdp NfJ> 4 ,y; FU> 6 ,y; Rf;fpud;> 7 ,y; uhF> 8 ,y; R+upad; nrt;tha; Gjd;> 11 ,y; re;jpud. yf;fpdj;Jf;F 56 ghtk;. Banking course gbj;j JAAT gbj;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; kzkfSf;F cs;ehl;L> ntspehl;L kzkfd; Njit.

,e;jpa tk;rhtsp ……. 82 Mk;; Mz;L. 5’ 4" cauk;. mj;jk; 4 Mk; ghjk;. Nkl yf;fpdk;. 3 ,y; uhF> 6 ,y; rdp nrt;tha; re;jpud;> 7 ,y; FU> 9 ,y; NfJ> 10 ,y; R+upad; Rf;fpud; Gjd;. yf;fpdj;Jf;F ghtk; ,y;iy. BA gbj;J njhopy; GupAk; kzkfSf;F ntspehl;L kzkfd; Njit.

fj;Njhypf;f rkaj;jtH rhjfk; ghHj;Jj; jpUkzk; nra;tjpy;iy vd vdJ fj;Njhypf;f ez;gHfs; nrhd;dhHfs;. Mdhy; mtHfSk; rhjfg; nghUj;jk; ghHj;J jpUkzk; nra;fpwhHfs; vd;gij NkNyAs;s tpsk;guk; vz;gpf;fpwJ.

Guhzq;fspYk; ,jpfhrq;fspYk; fhtpaq;fspYk; rhjfk; ghu;j;J jpUkzk; ele;jjhf ve;jf; Fwpg;Gk; ,y;iy. rPij ,uhkidAk; jkae;jp esidAk; jput;gjp ghz;ltu;fisAk; ifg;gpbj;jJ Rak;tuj;jpy;. cUf;kpzp – fpU\;zd;> Rgj;jpiu - mUr;Rdd; jpUkzq;fs; khg;gps;is ngz;izj; J}f;fp te;J elj;jpait! KUfd; ts;spiaf; fhl;by; Njbr; nrd;W kze;jhd;. J\;ae;jd; rFe;jiyiaf; fhl;by; fz;L fhjy; nfhz;L fhe;ju;t jpUkzk; Gupe;jhd;. rptd; - ghu;tjp> KUfd; - nja;thid> fz;zfp - Nfhtyd; jpUkzq;fs; ngw;Nwhu;fs; xg;GjYld; cw;whH cwtpdH Kd;dpiyapy; ele;jJ.

njhy;fhg;gpaH fhyj;jpy; rhjfk; ghHj;J jpUkzk; nra;Ak; tof;fk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. filr;rq;f fhyj;jpYk; me;j tof;fk; ,Ue;jjpy;iy.

vl;Lj;njhif Ehy;fspy; xd;whd mfehDhw;wpy; gz;ila jkpoHfs; nra;J nfhz;l jpUkzk; gw;wpa nra;jpfs; ,uz;L ghly;fspy; nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sd.

Kjy; ghly; “cOe;Jjiyg; nga;j nfhOq;fsp kpjit” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ey;yhT+H fpohH vd;w GytH ghba ghly; (vz; 86). ,uz;lhtJ “ikg;Gwg; GOf;fpd; nea;f;fdp ntz;NrhW” vdj; njhlq;Fk; tpw;Whw;W %njapd;dhH ghba ghly; (vz; 136).

vspa Kiwapy; ma;aH ,y;yhJ> mf;fpdp tsHf;fhJ> jPtyk; tuhJ> mk;kp kpjpf;fhJ> mUe;jjp ghHf;fhJ gps;isfisg; ngw;w kzptapW nfhz;l Ngupsk; ngz;bH kzkfis ePuhl;b> Gj;jhil mzptpj;J “fw;nghOf;fj;jpdpd;Wk; tOthJ ,y;ywj;Jf;Fupa flikfisr; nra;J> cd;id kidtpahfg; ngw;wtd; ngupJk; tpUk;Gk; ,y;yj;jurp Mf> ngUikf;Fupa ,y;yf; fpoj;jp Mf tho;tha; Mf” vd tho;j;jp jpUkzj;ij ,dpJ nra;J itj;jhHfs;. ,j;jpUkzq;fs; rhjfk; ghHf;fhJ nra;ag;gl;ld vdr; nrhy;y Ntz;bajpy;iy. .

el;rj;jpuk;> ,uhrp> fpufk;> jpjp> jptrk;> Nahfk;> fuzk;> ml;lkp> etkp> vkfz;lk;> ,uhF fhyk;> Njh\k;> Fsprk;> Nrhrpak;> Nrhjplk;> khe;jpupfk;> gpy;yp - R+dpak; vd;gd jkpo;r; nrhw;fsd;W.

,it gpw;fhyj;jpy; itjPf newp jkpoupil gutpaNghJ tof;fj;Jf;F te;j %lg;gof;fq;fSk; %lek;gpf;iffSk; MFk;.

rq;f fhyj;jpy; ngw;NwhH ghHj;Jr; nra;J itj;j jpUkzq;fs; tof;fpy; ,Ue;jd. mjidf; fw;Gkzk; vd mioj;jdH.

ciu - fw;G vd;gJ jpUkzr; rlq;NfhL nghUe;j nfhs;Sjw;Fupa KiwikapidAila jiykfd;> jiykfisf; nfhLj;jw;Fupa KiwikAilNahu; kdnkhj;Jf; nfhLf;f> tho;f;ifj; Jizahf Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjhk;.

ngw;NwhHfSf;Fk; CuhUf;Fk; njupahky; xU MZk; (jiytd;) xU ngz;Zk; (jiytp) md;gpdhy; neQ;rk; fye;J kiwthf xOfpte;j xOf;fk; fsT vdg;gl;lJ.

ciu - nfhLg;ghH ,d;wpAk; kzk; cz;L. mJ vg;Nghnjd;why; fsnthOf;fj;jpy; ,ize;J cld;Nghfpa fhyj;J.

fsnthOf;fj;jpy; <Lgl;NlhH Gwj;jhHf;Fj; njupe;jNghJ jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;tH. Gwj;jhHf;F njupahkYk; kze;J nfhs;tH. mJ cld;Nghf;F vd miof;fg;gLk;.

fsT Kiwapy; ehsiltpy; ngha;k;ikAk; ,Of;Fk; Neu;e;jikapd; jkpo;r; rhd;Nwhu; rlq;FfSld; $ba fw;G Kiwia tFj;jdu;.

jpUkzk;> tJit> kd;wy; xU nghUs; Fwpf;Fk; nrhw;fs; MFk;. jpU vd;gJ moF> rpwg;G> nry;tk;> Nkd;ik> nghypT> ftHr;rp> tpUk;Gk;jd;ik vd;Dk; nghUs; jUk; nrhy;. kzk; vd;gJ ,Ukdk; xUkdk; Mf ,izAk; NghJ gpwf;Fk; ,d;gk;> eWehw;wk; vd;Dk; nghUs; nfhz;lJ.

gfy;> fpoik> jpq;fs;> Mz;L Mfpa fzf;fplg; gpw;iwQhd;W jkpo; ma;aH (rhd;NwhH) Mf;fpf; nfhz;litNa.

jhyp vd;gJ gz;L Mz;Foe;ijf;Fg; gpwe;j Ie;jhk; ehs; mzpe;j Xu; mzpfyd; MFk;. mjid Ik;gilj;jhyp vd;Wk; $Wtu;.

MfNt> md;W MZf;Fg; ngz; mbik vd;gjw;F mwpFwpahfj; jhyp mzpag; ngwtpy;iy vd;gJ xU jiy. (jkpo;NguwpQu; Kidtu; kh. murkhzpf;fdhu; vOjpAs;s "jkpou;f;Fj; jhyp cz;lh" vd;Dk; E}y; fz;L njspT ngWf)

gz;L kzkf;fisj; Nju;e;njLf;Fq;fhy; ,d;W eilKiwapy; cs;s "jpjp> Nahfk;> fuzk;> yf;fpdk;> Nahdp> uhrp> fpufk;> el;rj;jpuk;> jpir> Gj;jp " Mfpa gj;J tifg; nghUj;jq;fs; ghu;g;ghupyu;.

,d;W kzkfs; kzkfd; ,UtUk; xUtiu xUtH Neupy; re;jpj;J jq;fSf;Fs; kdg;nghUj;jk; ,Uf;fpwjh vd;gij mwpa ngUk;ghYk; tha;g;Gf; nfhLf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. ,/J gz;ila jkpo; kuGf;F khwhdjhFk;.

vkJ Kd;NdhH fw;Gkzj;jpd; NghJ jiytDf;Fk; jiytpf;Fk; nghUj;jk; ,Uf;fpwjh vdg; ghHj;jhHfs;. me;jg; nghUj;jq;fs; gw;wpj; njhy;fhg;gpaH mofhff; $wpapUf;fpwhH.

(1) Fbg;gpwg;G (2) xOf;fk; - gz;ghL (3) Ms;tpidAlik (4) mfit (5) tbT – tdg;G (6) fhkxOf;fj;Jf;Fupa cs;sf; fpsHr;rp (7) rhy;G – ew;Fzk; (8) mUSlik (9) cs;sf; Fwpg;ig mwpe;njhOFk; Ez;zwpT (10) nja;tg; nghypT.

,uz;lhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH tho;e;j vkJ Kd;NdhH gFj;jwpTf;F Vw;w xj;j jpU> xj;j moF> xj;J Fzk;> xj;j Fbg;gpwg;G Nghd;w nghUj;jq;fs; ghHj;Jj; jpUkzk; nra;jhHfs; vdg; gbf;Fk; NghJ ngUikahf ,Uf;fpwJ.

nghUj;jk; ghHg;gjpy; $l NrhjplHfsplk; xj;j fUj;jpy;iy. rpyH gj;Jg; nghUj;jq;fs; ghHj;jhy; NghJk; vd;ghHfs;. xU NrhjplH el;rj;jpuk;> fzk;> Nahdp> ,uhrp> ,ur;R Mfpa ma;e;Jk; Kf;fpak; vd;ghH. mJ kJkl;Lk; my;yhky; gpuhkzUf;F mjpgjpAk; rj;jpupaUf;Ff; fzKk; itrpfUf;F ngz; jPHf;fKk; #j;jpuUf;F NahdpAk; Kf;fpakhfg; nghUe;j Ntz;Lk;.

gj;Jg; nghUj;jq;fspy; ma;e;Jf;F Nky; nghUe;jpd; cj;jkk;. ma;e;J nghUe;jpd; kj;jpkk;.

el;rj;jpuq;fisf; nfhz;lwpag;gLk; nghUj;jq;fspYk; fpufepiyiaf; nfhz;lwpAk; nghUj;jNk Kf;fpakhdJ. (thf;fpa gQ;rhq;fk; - gf;fk; 24-26)

,e;jg; nghUj;jq;fs; ,e;j mz;lk; gw;wpAk; mjd; ,af;fk; gw;wpAk; ruptuj; njupahj fhyj;jpy; - kdpj ehfupfk; Foe;ijg; gUtj;jpy; ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; - tpjpf;fl;bd;wp tiuag;gl;lit MFk;.

nghUj;jk; ghHg;gjpy; fpuf- el;rj;jpuq;fspd; ,Ug;igtpl Nrhjplupd; kdepiyjhd; Kf;fpakhdJ. xU NrhjplH jpUkzg; nghUj;jk; ,y;iy vd;W nrhy;thH. ,d;ndhUtH nghUj;jk; ,Uf;fpwJ – nra;ayhk; vd;ghH. my;yJ fpufq;fSf;F Njh\ gupfhuk; nra;j gpd;dH nra;ayhk; vd;ghH.

NrhjplHfs; gQ;rhq;fj;ijg; ghHj;Jj;jhd; rhjfj;ijf; fzpf;fpwhHfs;. rpf;fy; vd;dntd;why; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l gQ;rhq;fq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mit Mz;Lg; gpwg;G> rptuhj;jpup ehs;> fpufg; ngaHr;rp Nghd;wtw;wpy; NtWgLfpd;wd. Mdhy; ,uz;Lk; jhk; nrhy;tNj rupnad thjpLfpd;wd!

thf;fpa gQ;rhq;fk; ghHj;J fzpj;j rhjfk; fhl;Lk; ,uhrp> fpuf ,Uf;iffs; jpUf;fzpj gQ;rhq;fj;ijg; ghHj;Jf; fzpj;J rhjfj;jpy; ,Ue;J NtWgLk;. ,e;j ,uz;by; vJ rup? xd;W rupahf ,Ue;jhy; kw;wJ gpioahf ,Uf;Fk;. my;yJ ,uz;Lk; gpioahf ,Uf;fyhk;. epr;rakhf ,uz;Lk; rupahf ,Uf;f KbahJ. ,jid mLj;j fpoik ghHg;Nghk;. (tsUk;)

'Ntjq;fis ek;G> mtw;wpd; nghUisj; njupe;J nfhz;L gpwF ek;G. Guhzq;fis Ntjq;fshf epidj;J klikfs; Ngrp tpyq;Ffs; Nghy; ele;J nfhs;shNj.

ePAk; gpwiu tQ;rpf;fyhfhJ! gpwUk; cd;id tQ;rpf;fyhfhJ! gpwH gpwiu tQ;rpg;gijAk; eP ,ad;wtiu jLf;f Ntz;Lk;!

Xuhapuk; Mz;L Xa;e;J fple;j gpd;dH thuhJ te;j kfhftp Rg;gpukzpa ghujpapd; fbe;JiuiaNa NkNy je;Js;Nsd;.

EhW Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH ‘vy;yhg; NgWfisf; fhl;bYk; cz;ikg; NgWjhd; ngUik nfhz;lJ’ vd;W etpd;w ghujpf;F ,Ue;j rpe;jidj; njspT ,d;iwa jkpoDf;F ,y;yhky; ,Uf;fpwJ.

rhjfk; fzpg;gjw;F mbg;gilahf ,Ug;gJ gQ;rhq;fk; vd Kd;dH $wpapUe;Njd;. me;jg; gQ;rhq;fq;fs; xd;Wf;F xd;W NtWgLfpd;wd vd;Wk; $wpapUe;Njd;. gQ;rhq;fk; vd;why; ma;e;J cWg;Gf;fisf; nfhz;bUg;gJ vd;gJ nghUs;. mit gpd;tUkhW:

Vw;fdNt $wpathW xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l gQ;rhq;fq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. xd;W thf;fpak; kw;wJ jpUf;fzpjk;. ,e;jg; gQ;rhq;fq;fspd; ngaHfs; cq;fSf;F Vw;fdNt njupe;jpUf;Fk;.

thf;fpa gQ;rhq;fj;ij fzpj;J ntspapLgtHfs; jq;fs; fzpg;Gj;jhd; rup vd;W $Wfpwhu;fs;. mNj rkak; jpUf;fzpj gQ;rhq;fj;ij fzpj;J ntspapLgtHfs; jq;fspd; fzpg;Gj;jhd; Kw;wpYk; rup vd;fpwhHfs;.

thf;fpak; vdg;gLtJ Kd;Ndhu;fs; $wpaij my;yJ vOjpitj;jij mg;gbNa filg;gpbg;gJ. jpUf;fzpjk; vd;gJ re;jpudpd; efu;it fzf;fpy; nfhz;L jpUj;jp mikf;fg;gl;l KiwahFk mwptpay; Kiwg;gb fzf;FNghl;L ve;j> ve;j Nfhs; vj;jid ghifapy; cs;snjd;W $WtJ. Mupagl;lH jpUf;fzpj Kiwg;gbjhd; fzf;Fg;Nghl;lhu; vd;fpwhHfs;.

jpUf;fzpj gQ;rhq;fj;ij tpl thf;fpa gQ;rhq;fk; fhyj;jhy; Ke;jpaJ. Mdhy; thf;fpa gQ;rhq;fq;ff; fzpg;G Kiwapy; gpiofs; ,Ug;gijf; fz;lwpe;J mtw;iwj; jpUj;jpg; Gjpa Kiwiaf; fz;ldu;. mjw;F "jpUfzpj Kiw" vdg; ngaH itj;jdH. ,e;j jpUf;fzpj Kiwia xl;bg; gQ;rhq;fq;fs; fzpf;fg; gLfpd;wd.

njd; ,e;jpahtpy; ngUk;ghYk; thf;fpa Kiwg;gbjhd; rhjfk; fzpf;fg;gLfpwJ. tl ,e;jpahtpy; jpUf;fzpjj;ij mbnahw;wpr; rhjfk; fzpg;gjhfr; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

gQ;rhq;fj;jpd;gb rptuhj;jpup G+ir vg;NghJ? xt;nthU Mz;Lk; rptuhj;jpup vg;NghJ vd;gjpy; gQ;rhqfq;fSf;F ,ilNa Fog;gk; ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. xU gQ;rhq;fk; ngg;utup 16 Mk; jpfjp ,uT rptuhj;jpup vd kw;wJ ,y;iy ngg;utup 15 vd;W mbj;Jf; $wpaJ.

kfhrptuhj;jpup 16 Mk; Njjp tUtjhf gQ;rhq;fk; Fwpg;gpl;lhYk; ,e;jj’ Njjpapy; Ntij Njh\k; ,Ug;gjhy; Kjy; ehshd 15 Mk; Njjp kfhrptuhj;jpupia nfhz;lhl Ntz;Lk;. ,Jjhd; ehl;bw;Fk;> muRf;Fk;> kf;fSf;Fk; ed;ik gaf;Fk; vdg; goep Nf.v];. ghyRg;gpukzpa rpthr;rhupahiu jiytuhf nfhz;l Mfk ty;Ydu; FO jPHkhdpj;jJ. ,e;jf; fUj;ij jpUthtLJiw MjPdKk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhH.

Mdhy;> kfhrptuhj;jpupia 16 Mk; Njjp jhd; nfhz;lhl Ntz;Lk; vd;W mfpy ,e;jpa Mjp irt rpthr;rhupahu;fs; Nrth rq;fk; njuptpj;jJ. me;jr; rq;fk; ntspapl;Ls;s mwpf;ifapy; kfhrptuhj;jpup G+ir Kw;wpYk; jpjpia mbg;gilahf nfhz;lJ. khrp khjj;jpy; Nja;gpiwapy; tUk; rJu;j;jrp jpjpNa rptuhj;jpup G+irf;F cfe;jJ. kfhrptuhj;jpup cj;jkk;> kj;jpkk;> mjkk; vd %d;whfg; gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. khrp khjk; 3 Mk; Njjp (ngg;utup 15 Mk; Njjp) tpahof;fpoik ypq;Nfhj;gtfhykhd eLeprp Neuj;jpw;F gpwFk; jpuNahjrp ,Ug;gjhy; fhkpfhfk;gb kfhrptuhj;jpup tpujk; kWehs; mjhtJ nts;spf;fpoik 16 Mk; Njjp md;W jhd; mD\;bf;f Ntz;Lk;.

nts;spf;fpoik eLeprp Neuj;jpy; 12. 33 Kba rJu;j;jrpAk;> gpd;G mkhthirAk; rk;ge;jg;gLfpwJ. vdNt> eLeprpf;F gpwF 33 epkplq;fs; rJu;j;jrp ,Ug;gjhy; md;W jhd; mD\;bf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;ehspy; Ntij ,Ug;gjhff; fUjg;gl;lhYk; kfhrptuhj;jpup md;W jpUNthzk;> mtpl;lk;> rjak; ,k;%d;W el;rj;jpuq;fspy; VNjDk; xd;W rk;ge;jgl;lhy; Ntij Njh\k; ,y;iy. ,t;thz;L jpUNthzk; el;rj;jpuk; rk;ge;jg;gLtjhy; Ntij Njh\k; ,y;iy vd cj;ufhuzhfkk; $WfpwJ. ,t;thz;L rptuhj;jpup fd;ar gl;rj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ. vdNt> 16 Mk; Njjp nts;spf;fpoik ,uNt kfhrptuhj;jpup G+i[ nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk; vd mfpy ,e;jpa rpthfk tpj;tj; rig $l;lj;jpy; jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ.

rptuhj;jpup NghyNt rHtrpj;J Gj;jhz;L gpwe;j ehs;> Neuk; vJ vd;gjpYk; thf;fpa gQ;rhq;fKk; jpUf;fzpj gQ;rhq;fKk; NtWgl;ld. ru;t[pj; jkpo;g; Gj;jhz;L rpj;jpiu khjk; Kjy; Njjp (14- 4 -2007) Fk;guhrp rja el;rj;jpuj;jpy; fhiy 10.45 f;F gpwf;fpwJ vdj; jpUf;fzpj gQ;rhq;fk; nrhy;ypaJ. thf;fpa gQ;rhq;fk; NtW fhyj;ijf; Fwpg;gpl;lJ.

,g;gb MSf;nfhU Kiw ,Ue;jhy; ve;jg; gQ;rhq;fj;jpd;gb fzpj;j rhjfk; rupahdjhf ,Uf;Fk;?

Kd;dhy; Qhdf; fz;zhy; ghHj;j Nfhs;fisAk; el;rj;jpuq;fisAk; ,e;j 21 Mk; E}w;whz;by; Mw;wy; tha;e;j njhiyNehf;fp %yk; Jy;ypakhfg; ghHf;fpd;wdH. tpz;fyq;fis mDg;gp nrt;tha;> rdp Nghd;w Nfhs;fis glk; gpbf;fpwhHfs;. ae;jpukdpjHfis (robot) ,wf;fp Nfhs;fspd; Nkw;gug;ig Muha;fpwhHfs;. Nfhs;fspd; Jy;ypahdkhd njhiy> fpufq;fspd; Ntfk;> mjd; Rw;Wg;ghij> ntl;gjg;gk; Nghd;wtw;iwf; fz;lwpAk; mstpw;F thdpay tsu;e;J tpl;lJ.

thdpay; fzpj KiwAk; jpUf;fzpj KiwAk; ngUk;ghYk; xj;J ,Ug;gjhy; jpUf;fzpj Kiw jhd; rupahd Kiw vd thjpLfpwhHfs;. MdhYk; rpyu; thf;fpa Kiwjhd; goik tha;e;jJ vd;W goikiaf; nfhz;lhLfpwhu;fs;. rup! jpUf;fzpjg; gQ;rhq;fq;fs; vit?

,e;jg; gQ;rhq;fq;fs; fhyf; fzpg;ig jw;giu> tpdhb> ehopif> ehs; vd miof;fpwJ. me;jf; fzf;F gpd;tUkhW.

    60 jw;giu 1; tpdhb
    60 tpdhb   1 ehopif
    60 ehopif 1 ehs;
    1 khjk;    29 - 32 ehs;
    1 Mz;L   365 ehs;> 15 ehopif> 31 tpdhb> 15 jw;giu
    1 fpoik    7 ehs;
    2 1/2 ehopif 1 kzp
    2 1/2 tpdhb 1 kzpj;Jsp (epkplk;)

Nkw;fj;jpa fhyf; fzpg;gpd; gb ,uT 12. 01 kzpapy; ,Ue;J kWehs; ,uT 12.00 kzp Kba xU ehs;. ,e;jpa fhyf; fzpg;Gg;gb R+upa cjak; Kjy; kW ehs; R+upa cjak; Kba xU ehs;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf ,d;iwf;F fhiy 6. 40 f;F R+upNahjak;. ehis fhiy 6. 39 f;F R+upa cjak;. ,e;j ,ilg;gl;l fhyk; jhd; xU ehs; vd;g;gLk;.. mjhtJ xU R+upa cjak; Kjy; kW R+upa cjak; cs;s fhyNk xU ehs; vdg;gLk;. (tsUk;)

cyfj;jpNyNa khngUk; Ruz;ly; xd;W ,Uf;fpwJ vd;why; mJ Nrhjpl rhj;jpukhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. kf;fspd; NguhiriaAk; Nrhk;Ngwpj;jdj;ijAk; mr;rj;ijAk; gad;gLj;jp NrhjplHfs; mtHfisg; gopthq;fpj; jPu;j;J tpLfpd;wdu;!

Nrhjplj;jpy; Vkhe;J Nghfpwtu;fs; mg;ghtp kf;fs; kl;Lk;jhd; vd;W epidj;jhy; mijtpl Kl;lhs;jdk; NtW xd;Wk; ,Uf;f KbahJ. nkj;jg; gbj;jtu;fSk; Nguhirf;Fk; Nrhk;gYf;Fk; mr;rj;Jf;Fk; ,iuahfpwhHfs;.

NrhjplHfSf;F tUtha; gyd; nrhy;tjhy; kl;Lk; tUtjpy;iy. gupfhuk; nrhy;tjhy;jhd; $ba tUtha; tUfpwJ. Nrhjplj;jpy; vd;d Njh\k; ,Ue;jhYk; mij G+ir> Gd];fhuk;> ke;jpuf; fapWfs;> jfLfs; Nghd;wtw;why; rupg;gLj;jptplyhk; vdr; NrhjplHfs; GYlh tpLfpwhu;fs;. Nrhjplu;fs; jhq;fNs gupfhuk; nra;fpwhHfs;. ,y;yhtpl;lhy; gupfhuk; nra;a Fwpg;gpl;l NfhapYf;Fg; Ngha; G+ir> ahfk; nra;ar; nrhy;fpwhu;fs;. Nfhapy;fs; Nrhjplu;fSf;F juFg; gzk; nfhLf;Fk; tof;fk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

,ijnay;yhk; jhz;b ,g;NghJ Nrhjplk; mLj;j fl;lj;ij Nehf;fp efu;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. Foe;ij ve;j Neuj;jpy; gpwe;jhy; Foe;ijfspd; vjpHfhyk; XNfh vd;wpUf;Fk; vd Nrhjplu;fs; Fwpj;Jf; nfhLf;fj; njhlq;fp tpl;lhu;fs;. mtu;fs; Fwpj;Jf; nfhLf;Fk; Neuj;jpy;; rpNrupad; nra;J Foe;ijiag; gpwf;f itf;fpwhu;fs;! vdf;Fj; njupe;j xU kUj;JtNu ,g;gb ey;y Neuk; ghHj;J Foe;ijia rpNrupad; %yk; gpwf;f itj;jpUf;fpwhH!

tpjpia nty;y KbahJ vd;W nrhy;Yk; N[hjplu;fNs> mij nty;Yk; gupfhuq;fisAk; nrhy;tJ Ntbf;ifjhd;!

,e;jpa fhyf;fzpg;gpy; ehd;F Mz;LfSf;F xUKiw xU ehis (Leap year) $l;l Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jpa NrhjplKiwapy; ,g;gbf; $l;l Ntz;ba Njitapy;iy. fhuzk; Neuf; fzpg;gPL thdntspapy; fhzg;gLk; rpj;jpiu el;rj;jpuj;ij ,yf;fhff; nfhz;L (Spica, alpha-virginis) Gtp Qhapiw xUKiw Rw;wptu vLf;Fk; Neuj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ. ,J 23 kzp 56 kzpj;Jsp 4. 09 tpdhb MFk;. #upa Mz;L Gtp #upaid xUKiw Rw;wp tUk; Neuj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ. ,J mz;zsthf 24 kzpj;jpahyk; MFk;.

#upad; rpj;jpiu el;rj;jpuk; Nkl ,uhrp ,uz;bYk; GFk; ehNs rpj;jpiug; Gj;jhz;lhf ,e;Jf;fshy; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ.

el;rj;jpu ehSf;Fk; #upa ehSf;Fk; ,ilapy; NtWghL ,Ug;gJ Nghy; xU el;rj;jpu Mz;Lf;Fk; #upa Mz;Lf;Fk; ,ilapy; NtWghL ,Uf;fpwJ.

xU el;rj;jpu Mz;by; 365.256363 ehs;fs; (365 ehs;> 6 kzp> 9 kzpj;Jsp> 9.54 tpdhb) ,Uf;fpd;wd. xU #upa Mz;by; 365.2425 ehs;fs; (365 ehs;> 5 kzp> 48 kzpj;Jsp> 45.51 tpdhb) ,Uf;fpd;wd. xU #upa Mz;L el;rj;jpu Mz;iltpl 20.2413 (20 kzpj;Jsp 23.5 tpdhb) kzpj;Jsp Neuk; mjpfkhdJ.

Vd; ,e;j NtWghL? ,jw;Fupa tpil njupa Ntz;Lk; vd;why; vkJ G+kpapd; mirT gw;wpg; njupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

Gtpapd; Kjy; mirT fjpHtPjpapy; (ecliptic) xU Fwpg;gpl;l el;rj;jpuj;ij ikakhf itj;J #upaidr; Rw;wptUtJ. ,g;gbr; Rw;w vLf;Fk; fhyk; 365 ehs;> 6 kzp> 9 kzpj;Jsp> 9.54 tpdhb. ,JNt el;rj;jpu (Sidereal year)Mz;lhFk;.

Gtpapd; ,uz;lhtJ mirT tpz;eLf;Nfhl;by; (celestial equator) xU rkjiuia cUthf;FfpwJ. ,e;j rkjiu fjpHtPjpapy; (ecliptic) xU rk,uT (vernal equinox) Gs;spapy; ,Ue;J kPz;Lk; mNj rk,uT Gs;spf;F te;J Nru Gtp vLf;Fk; fhyk; 365 ehs;> 5 kzp> .48 kzpj;Jsp> 45.51 tpdhb. ,JNt #upa my;yJ ntg;gkz;ly (Solar or Tropical year) Mz;lhFk;.

Kd;dNu ,e;j ,uz;L mirTf;Fk; cs;s tpj;jpahrk; 20 kzpj;Jsp 23.5 tpdhb vd;W fhl;bAs;Nsd;. ,e;jpa Nrhjplj;jpy; ,e;j tpj;jpahrj;ij madhk;rk; vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhHfs;.

2000 Mk; Mz;L rpj;jpiu el;rj;jpuk; fjpHtPjpapy; 23 ghif 51 kzpj;Jsp 11 tpdhb ,Ue;jJ vd epWtg;gl;lJ. ,J ,iyAjpH fhy rk,uT ($jpH fhyk;) 23 ghif 51 kzpj;Jsp 11 tpdhbf;F rkkhdJ. 2000 Mk; Mz;Lf;Fupa madhk;rk; (yhfpup fzpg;G) 23 ghif 51 kzpj;Jsp 11 tpdhb.

xt;nthU Mz;Lk; ,e;j tpj;jpahrk; mjpfupj;Jf; nfhz;L NghfpwJ. vOgj;J ,uz;L M;LfSf;F xU ghif mjpfupf;fpwJ.

Nrhjplj;ijf; fzpg;gjw;F thf;fpak; - jpUf;fzpjk; vd ,uz;L gQ;rhq;fq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd vdg; ghHj;Njhk;. ,e;j ,uz;Lf;Fk; mkhthir> gTu;zkp jtpu Mapuj;njl;L NtWghLfs; cz;L.

vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf rHtrpj;J Mz;bd; gpwg;igf; fzpg;gjpy; ,uz;L gQ;rhq;fq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; NtWghL ,Ug;gij Vw;fdNt ghHj;Njhk;. xU Foe;ijf;Fj; jpUf;fzpjk; thf;fpak; Mfpatw;wpd; fPo; rhjfk; fzpj;jhy; ,uhrp> el;rj;jpuk;> fpufepiy Nghd;wtw;wpy; NtWghLfs; ,Uf;Fk;! .

vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf 2004 Mk; Mz;L Mb 30 Mk; ehs; (Mf];l; 14) khiy 5.00 f;F (27 ehopif 25 tpdhb) xU Foe;ij nrd;idapy; gpwf;fpwjhf itj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. nrd;id epiuf;NfhL (Longitude) 80 ghif .18 kzpj;JspapYk; FWf;Ff;NfhL (Lattitude) 13 ghifapYk; ,Uf;fpwJ. #upa cjak; 5 kzp 51 kzpj;Jsp me;jf; FOe;ijapd; rhjfk; jpUf;fzpj gQ;rhq;fj;jpd; gb gpd;tUkhW ,Uf;Fk;.

jpUf;fzpj gQ;rhq;fj;jpy; re;jpud; Nkluhrpapy; ,Uf;fpwJ. thf;fpa gQ;rhq;fj;jpy; up\g ,uhrpapy; ,Uf;fpwJ. vdNt n[dd ,uhrp (Foe;ij gpwf;Fk; NghJ re;jpud; epd;w ,uhrp) khwpf;fhzg;gLfpwJ. el;rj;jpuq;fSk; khWgLfpd;wd.

jpUkzg; nghUj;jk; ghHf;f jpUf;fzpj gQ;rhQ;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; fzpf;fg;gl;l khg;gps;isapd; rhjfj;ij thf;fpa gQ;rhq;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; fzpf;fg;gl;l ngz;zpd; rhjfj;NjhL nghUj;jpg; ghHj;jhy; Vfg;gl;l Fog;gq;fs; Vw;gLk;. ,e;jf; Fog;gq;fs; fhuzkhfNt khg;gps;is tPl;lhH nfhLj;j rhjfq;fisg; ghHj;j NrhjplH nghUj;jk; ,y;iy vd;Dk; NghJ ngz;tPl;lhH nfhLj;j rhjfq;fisg; ghHj;j kw;nwhU NrhjplH “nghUj;jk; ,Uf;fpwJ. nra;ayhk;” vd;W nrhy;fpwhH.

NrhjplH> vz;rhj;jpup> th];J ‘tpw;gd;du;fs;’ MfpNahuplk; xU Nfs;tpiaf; Nfl;lhy; ,uz;Lf;F Nkw;gl;l tpilfs; (Ask a question and you will get more than two different answers) tUk;!

Ntbf;if vd;dntd;why; NrhjplHfs; jpUf;fzpjk; thf;fpak; ,uz;Lk; rupnad;W thjpLfpwhHfs;.

mwptpay; mg;gb my;y. mwptpay; KbTfs; my;yJ fzpg;Gfs; jpul;lg;gl;l juTfspd; mbg;gilapy; vz;gpf;ff; $bait. xUjuj;Jf;F Nky; nra;J fhl;lf; $bait (Science is collection of facts based on provability and reproducibility) vd;gJ vy;NyhUf;Fk; njupe;jNj.

xU Fwpg;gpl;l msT Ntjpg; nghUs; (A) ,d;ndhU Fwpg;gpl;l msTs;s Ntjpg; nghUs; (B) ,uz;Lk; Nru;e;J Gjpa nghUs; xd;W (C) cz;lhfpwnjd;why; mJ tl JUtj;jpYk; njd; JUtj;jpYk; fz;zDf;Fk; nghd;dDf;Fk; xNu khjpupjhd; ,Uf;Fk;. mjpy; ,uz;lhtJ fUj;Jf;F ,lNkapy;iy. mJjhd; mwptpay;. vg;NghJ xNu nghUspy; ,uz;lhtJ fUj;Jf;Fk; ,lkpUf;fpwNjh mq;Nf mJ xU vLNfhs; (hypothesis) Mf - xU fUj;jhf kl;LNk - khwp tpLfpwJ. mJ rupahfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;; jtwhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;.

Nrhjpl rhj;jpuj;ij ek;GNthH Kd;itf;Fk; xU thjk; ,Uf;fpwJ. Nrhjplk; xU mwptpay; jhd;; - mJ xU fzpj Kiwapy; fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ – rpf;fy; vd;dntd;why; rpyu; mijj; jtwhff; fzf;fpLtjhy; jtWfs; ele;J tpLfpd;wd!

mit ‘fzf;F’ vd;why; mjpy; jtNwJk; elf;f KbahJ. tpjp Kiwfs;> top Kiwfs; vy;yhk; xU xOq;fpy; ,Ue;jhy;jhNd mJ xU fzf;fhFk;;? xUtUf;F xU tiff; fzf;F ,d;ndhUtUf;F NtW tiff;fzf;F vd;why; mJ fzf;Nf my;y.

mwptpay; Nrhjidfspy; ‘control’ vd;w xU mk;rk; ,Uf;Fk;. xU guninea pig ia itj;J Nrhjid elf;fpwnjd;why; ,Utif Nrhjid tpyq;Ffis itj;J Nrhjid nra;thHfs;. xd;wpy; xU kUe;ij Crp%yk; Vw;wp Nrhjid elj;JthHfs;. kw;wjpy; me;j CrpNghLtjhy; tuf;$ba tpisTfis ePf;fp kUe;jpd; tpisit kl;Lk; jdpj;J mwpa mLj;j Nrhjid tpyq;Ffis kUe;jpy;yhky; ntWk; Crp (placebo) NghLthu;fs;. ,e;j ,uz;lhtJ tpyq;Ffs; control group Mf ,Uf;Fk;.

rhjfk;> vz;rhj;jpuk;> th];J> ,uhrpf;fy; Nghd;wtw;wpy; ,J Nghy; nra;a KbahJ. nray;Kiwf;F xj;JtuhJ vd;gjhNyNa ,ij itj;J ‘thzpfk;’ nra;gtu;fSf;F thrpahfg; Ngha;tpl;lJ. ek;Gtu;fSf;Fk; trjpahfg; Ngha;tpl;lJ.

,e;Jf;fs; rhjfg; nghUj;jk; ghHf;fhJ jpUkzk; nra;tjpy;iy. rhjfk; ghu;j;Jj; jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhz;l kzkf;fsJ tho;f;if nrhHf;fkhfTk; kw;wtu;fs; tho;f;if eufkhfTk; ,Ug;gjpy;iy.

ehTf;furH “ ehnsd; nrAk; tpidjhd; vd; nrAk; vid ehb te;j Nfhnsd; nrAk; nfhLq;$w;nwd; nrAk; ...” vd cuf;fg; ghbapUf;fpwhH. Mdhy; irtHfs; mg;gH nrhd;dijf; fhjpy; tpOj;Jtjpy;iy.

xt;nthUtUila tho;f;ifapy; ey;yJk; nfl;lJk;> ,d;gKk; Jd;gKk;> tsHr;rpAk; Nja;Tk;> caHTk; jho;Tk;> nry;tKk; tWikAk;> ed;ikAk; jpd;ikAk;> Vw;wKk; ,wf;fKk; fye;Nj ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,jid Ehy;fshYk; eilKiw tho;f;ifahYk; mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

tho;f;ifapy; ntw;wpngWtjw;F kzkf;fspilNa kd xw;Wik ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mJjhd; Kf;fpak;. (tsUk;)

'%l gf;jpfspNy kpfTk; njhy;iyahd mk;rk; ahnjdpy; vy;yhr; nra;iffSf;Fk; ehs;> el;rj;jpuk;. yf;fpdk; Kjypad ghHj;jy;. rtuk; gz;zpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;why;> mjw;Ff; $l ek;ktH khrg; nghUj;jk;> gl;rg; nghUj;jk;> ehs; nghUj;jk; ,j;jidAk; ghHj;jhf Ntz;bapUf;fpwJ.

rtuj;Jf;Ff; $l ,g;gbnad;why; ,dpf; fypahzq;fs;> rlq;Ffs;> tpahghuq;fs;> ahj;jpiufs;> tptrha Muk;gq;fs; Kjypa Kf;fpa fhupaq;fs; gy;yhapuj;jpd; tplaj;jpy; ek;ktH Nkw;gb nghUj;jq;fs; ghHg;gjpy; nrytpLk; fhy tpuaj;Jf;Fk; nghUs; tpuaj;Jf;Fk; tuk;Ng fpilahJ.

rFdk; ghHf;Fk; tof;fk; fhHaq;fSf;Fg; ngUe; jilahf te;J %z;bUf;fpwJ. ,jpy; NeUk; mopTfSk; mtw;why; nghUs; mopTfSk; vt;tsT cz;lhfpd;wd vd;gij ek;ktH ftdpg;gNj fpilahJ. rFdk; ghHg;gjdhy; fhupa e\;lk; khj;jpuk; cz;lhfpd;wJ. ehs; nghUj;jk;> yf;dg; nghUj;jk; Kjypad ghHf;Fkplj;Nj> fhHa e\;lk; kl;Lkpd;wp Nkw;gb yf;dk; Kjypad ghHj;Jr; nrhy;Yk; NrhjplUf;F NtW gzk; nrythfpd;wJ.' (ghujpahH fl;Liufs; - gf;fk; 8-9)

,d;W vd;d thOjhk;? ghujp fhyj;ijtpl ,d;W Nkhrkhd %lek;gpf;iffspy; jkpo;kf;fs; %o;fpg; Ngha; ,Uf;fpwhHfs;! vj;jid ngupahHfs; te;J vijr; nrhd;dhYk; %lek;gpf;iffis tplkhl;Nlhk; vd;W Kuz;L gpbf;fpwhHfs;!

Nrhjpl rhj;jpuj;Jf;F ve;j mwptpay; mbg;gilAk; fpilahJ. Nrhjplj;Jf;F cs;s xNu mbg;gil kdj;jstpyhd ntWk; ek;gpf;ifjhd;.

Gtpapy; ,Ue;J thdj;ij mz;zhe;J ghHj;j ggpNyhdpaHfSf;F ,e;j tpz;kPd; (el;rj;jpu) $l;lq;fs; xt;nthd;Wk; xU cUtj;jpd; rhaiyf; nfhz;L ,Ug;gjhfj; Njhd;wpaJ. me;j cUtj;ijNa me;j tpz;kPd; $l;lj;Jf;F tiue;J mjw;Fg; ngaUk; itj;J Fzj;ijAk; fw;gpj;jhHfs;.

Nrhjpl rhj;jpuk; ,ihrp tl;lj;ij xt;nthd;Wk; 30 ghif nfhz;l 12 rktsTs;s tPLfshf tpjpf;fl;bd;wp (arbitary) gpupj;Js;sJ vd;Wk; mjw;F ve;jtpj mwptpay; mbg;gilAk; ,y;iy mJ thdpay; KbTf;F khwhdJ vd Kd;dH (mj;jpahak; 22> 23) ghHj;Njhk;. kPz;Lk; xUKiw me;j ml;ltiziag; ghUq;fs;.

,uhrp	fhyk;	ghif	cUtk;
Nklk;	Vg;gpupy; 19 - Nk 13	25	ML
,lgk;	Nk 14 - A+d; 19	37	vUJ
kpJdk;	A+d; 20 - A+iy 20	31	Mz;-ngz;
flfk;	A+iy 21 - Mf];l; 09	20	ez;L
rpk;kk;	Mf];l; 10 - nrg;njk;gH 15	37	rpq;fk;
fd;dp	nrg;njk;gH16 - xf;NjhgH 30	45	ngz;
Jyhk;	xf;NjhgH 31 - nehntk;gH 22	23	juhR
tpUr;rpfk;	nehntk;gH 23 - nehntk;;gH 29	07	Njs;
ghk;ghl;b	nehntk;gH 30 - bnrk;gH 17	18	ghk;ghl;b
jDR	Bnrk;gH 18 - rdtup 18	32	tpy;
kfuk;	rdtup 19 - ngg;utup 15	28	Rwh kPd;/flw;Fjpiu
Fk;gk;	ngg;utup 16 - khHr;R 13	24	Flk;
kPdk;	khHr;R 14 - Vg;gpupy; 18	38	,ul;il kPd;

Fk;g ,uhrpapd; msT 23.67 ghif kl;LNk. mjw;F mLj;j kPd ,uhrpapd; msT 37.45 ghif. ,t;thW xt;nthU ,uhrpAk; ntt;NtW msT nfhz;lit. ve;j ,uhrpAk; rupahf 30 ghif nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy. thdpay; ghk;ghl;b ,uhrp vd;nwhU ,uhrp ,Uf;fpwJ vdf; $WfpwJ. Mdhy; Nrhjplj;jpy; me;j ,uhrp fzf;fpy; vLf;fg;gltpy;iy. NrhjplHfs; me;j ,uhrpia tpUr;rpf ,uhrpNahL ,izj;Jtpl;lhHfs;!

thdpay; gb QhapW Nkl ,uhrpapy; Vg;upy; 19 Mk; ehs;jhd; cl;GFfpwJ. Mdhy; ,e;jpa Nrhjplj;jpy; QhapW Nkl ,uhrpapy; GFk; ehs; Vg;upy; 14 MFk;. KOikahf 5 ehs; NtWghL fhzg;gLfpwJ. vdNt Vg;gpupy; 14 Mk; ehs; gpwe;j Foe;ij Nkluhrpapy; gpwe;jJ vd;gJ gpioahd $w;whFk;. Vg;upy; 14 Mk; ehs; QhapW Nkluhrpf;F Ke;jpa ,uhrpahd kPd ,uhrpapy; (25 ghif) epd;wJ vd;gJjhd; rupahFk;.

tpUr;rpf ,uhrpia QhapW flf;Fk; njhiyT 7 ghif kl;LNk. mNj Neuk; fd;dp ,uhrpiaf; flf;Fk; njhiyT 45 ghif! MW klq;Ff;F Nky;! tpLgl;l ghk;ghl;b ,uhrp kz;lyj;ij QhapW Rlf;Fk; njhiyT 18 ghif MFk;. tpUr;rpf ,uhrpia tpl (7 ghif) 11 ghif mjpfkhdJ!

MfNt QhapW 25 ghif ePsKs;s Nkl ,uhrpia 25 ehs;fspy; ( Vg;upy; 19 - Nk 13) fle;J tpLfpwJ. Mdhy;> NrhjplUf;F Nkl ,uhrpia QhapW flf;f vLf;Fk; fhyk; 30 ehs;fs; my;yJ 30 ghif ePsk;! ,jdhy; QhapW Nkluhrpia Nk 13 md;W fle;J tpl;lhYk; rhjfk; fzpf;Fk; NrhjplH Nk 18 tiu QhapW ,d;dKk; Nkluhrpapy; ,Ug;gjhfNt vLj;Jf; nfhs;thH. ,t;thW Vida ,uhrpfis QhapW cz;ikahff; flf;f vLf;Fk; fhyj;Jf;Fk; NrhjplHfs; QhapW flg;gjhff; nfhs;Sk; fhyj;Jf;Fk; NtWghL Vw;gLfpwJ! QhapWf;Fr; nrhd;dJ Vida Nfhs;fSf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;.

eilKiwapy; QhapW ,uhrpfisf; flg;gjpy;iy vd;Wk; Gtpf; Nfhs; QhapW vd;w tpz;kPidr; Rw;wp tUtJ vq;fs; fz;Zf;F QhapW Gtpiar; Rw;WtJ Nghd;w khaj;; Njhw;wj;ij (illusion) cz;lhf;FfpwJ vd;gij kwe;Jtplf; $lhJ. QhapW> Nfhs;fs;> ,uhrpfisf; fle;J nry;fpwJ vd;W vOJtij Gtp> ,uhrpfspd; gpd;Gyj;jpy;> QhapW tpz;kPidr; Rw;wp tUfpwJ vd;W nghUs; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;!

cz;ikapy; kdpjidg; ghjpf;Fk;; Nfhs; VjhtJ cz;nld;why; mJ mtd; gpwe;j ,e;jg; Gtpahfj;jhd; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

kdpjdJ tho;f;ifia mtd; gpwe;j kz;Zk; mtidr; Rw;wpAs;s #oYk; ghjpf;fpd;wd. mtd; %r;RtpLk; fhw;W> mtd; Fbf;Fk; jz;zPH> mtd; cz;Zk; czT> cLf;Fk; cil> thOk; ciwtplk;> jl;g ntl;gk; mtid ntFthfg; ghjpf;fpd;wd.

(,) Gtp jdJ mr;rpy; jd;idj;jhNd Rw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mNjNtis QhapiwAk; Rw;wptUtJ>

Nghd;w thdpay; cz;ikfs; NrhjplHfSf;Fj; njupe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. ,JNt Nfhs;fspd; gl;baypy; Gtp tpLgl;ljw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;.

Gtp cUz;il vd;gJ NrhjplHfSf;Fj; njupe;jpUf;ftpy;iy vd;gjhNyNa Gtpia ,uz;ahl;rfd; ghahfr; RUl;bf; nfhz;LNgha; flypy; xspj;J itj;jhd; vd;w Guhzf; fijiag; GuhzpfHfs; vOjp itj;jdH. fliyg; ghahfr; RUl;bdhd; vd;why; vjd; kPJ epd;W RUl;bdhd;? Gtpia vg;gbf; flypy; xspf;f KbAk;? fly; Gtpapy;jhNd ,Uf;fpd;wJ!

jl;ilahd Gtpia MjpNrld; jhq;fpf; nfhz;L epw;fpwhd; vd;W vOjp itj;jhHfs;. me;j MjpNrlid ahH my;yJ vJ jhq;fpf; nfhz;L epw;fpd;wJ vd;gijg;gw;wp mtHfs; rpe;jpj;Jg; ghHj;jjhfj; njupatpy;iy!

Gtp Qhapw;iwr; Rw;wp tUtJ kl;Lky;y mJ 23½ ghif mjd; mr;rpy; xU gf;fk; rha;e;J (Ecliptic) ,Ug;gNjhL mjd; tlJUtk;. (North Pole) vg;NghJk; Qhapiw Nehf;fpNa ,Uf;Fk;. ,it fhuzkhfNt gUtq;fs; Vw;gLfpd;wd.

Gtp Qhapiwr; Rw;w 365 ehs;fs; vLf;fpwJ. vdNt xU ehisf;F Vwj;jho 1 ghifia QhapW flf;fpwJ. 30 ghif nfhz;l xU ,uhrpiaf; flf;f 30 ehs;fs; vLf;fpwJ.

Vg;gpupy; 14 ,y; QhapW Nkl ,uhrpapy; GFfpd;wJ vd;gijg; ghHj;Njhk;. vdNt Vg;gpupy; 14 njhlf;fk; Nk 14 tiu gpwe;jtHfSf;Fk; gpwf;fg; NghrpwtHfSf;Fk; fzpf;fg;gLk; rhjfk; Nkl ,uhrpapy; #upad; epw;gjhff; fhl;Lk;. mjpy; khw;wk; ,Uf;fhJ. tPL kl;LNk NtWgLk;.

re;jpud; xU ,uhrpiaf; flf;f 2 ½ ehs; kl;Lk; vLf;fpwJ. mjdhy;jhd; mjw;F Nrhjplj;jpy; #upaidtpl Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Vg;gpupy; 14 njhlf;fk; Vg;gpupy; 16.5 tiu re;jpud; xNu ,uhrpapy; fhzg;gLk;. tpahod; xU ,uhrpiaf; flf;f xU Mz;L vLg;gjhy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l Mz;L KOtJk; gpwe;j midtUf;Fk; tpahod; epd;w ,uhrp xd;whfNt ,Uf;Fk;. Vida Nfhs;fSk; mt;thNw.

Nfhs;fs;	Rw;Wk; fhyk;	,uhrpapy; epw;Fk; fhyk;	XH Mz;by; mirT
re;jpud;	28 ehs;fs;	2 ½ ehs;fs;	13 Rw;Nwhl;lk;
QhapW	1 Mz;L	1 khjk;	360 ghif
Gjd;	1 Mz;L	1 khjk;	360 ghif
nts;sp	1 Mz;L	1 khjk;	360 ghif
nrt;tha;	2 Mz;L	2 khjk;	180 ghif
tpahod;	12 Mz;L	1 Mz;L	30 ghif
Rdp	30 Mz;L	2 ½ Mz;L	12 ghif
ANwd];	90 Mz;L	7 ½ Mz;L	4 ghif
neg;jpA+d;	180 Mz;L	15 Mz;L	2 ghif
GSl;Nlh	360 Mz;L	30 Mz;L	1 ghif

Nkw;fhl;ba fhuzq;fshy; Nrhjplk; mbg;gilapNyNa gpioahd mbj;jsj;jpy; vOg;gg;;gl;Ls;sJ njupAk;. NkYk; Nrhjplk; cz;ik NrhjplHfNs fzpg;gpy; gpiotpLfpd;whHfs; vd;gjpy; vt;tpj cz;ikAk; ,y;iy. (tsUk;)

ve;jg; Guhzj;ijNah rhj;jpuj;ijNah Ntjj;ijNah Ntz;LkhdhYk; vLj;Jf;nfhz;L mtw;wpd; nghUis Muha;r;rp nra;JghUq;fs;. Ntjfhyj;jtUf;F ,kakiyf;F mg;ghy; vjidAk; njupe;J nfhz;bUe;jjhfj; njupatpy;iy. mJ khj;jpuky;yhky; GuhzpfHfSf;F fa;yhaNk ,kakiyjhd;. mJ gdpf; fl;bahy; %bapUg;gjhy; mij nts;spaq;fpup vd;W mioj;jdH. me;jf; fhyj;jpy; mj;jid caukiyf;F ahUk; NghfKbahky; ,Ue;jjhy; rptid mq;F ,Uj;jptpl;ldH. cikatshfpa ghHtjp me;j kiyf;Fj;jhd; gpwe;jhs; vd;W fij vOjp itj;Jtpl;ldH. gpukh mq;F jhd;> up\pfs; mq;Fjhd;> NjtHfs; mq;Fjhd;> nrhHf;fk; mq;Fjhd; vd;W vy;yhtw;iwAk; me;j kiyapd; jiyapNyNa Vw;wptpl;ldH.

mJ kl;Lkh? ejpiag; ghHj;jhy; mJ xU Njtij. rKj;jpuj;ijg; ghHj;jhy; mJ xU Njtij. kio xU Njtij> #upad; xU Njtij> re;jpud; xU Njtij> el;rj;jpuk; xt;nthd;Wk; jdpj;jdpj; Njtij. njhl;lnjy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; Njtij vd;W ngaHitj;J xt;nthd;wpd; NguhYk; jkpouJ kbapy; ifia itj;J nfhs;isabf;f top tFj;Jf;nfhz;ldH.

Ntjfhy MupaHfsJ Kl;lhs; jdk; jkpoHfsJ ciog;igAk; gzj;ijAk; nfhs;is mbf;f mtHfSf;F cjtpahf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Mdhy;> gFj;jwpTthjpfs; me;j Kl;lhs;j;jdj;ijf; fz;bf;f KidAk; NghJ jkpoHfNs vjpHf;fpwhHfs;.

,uhtzd;> #ugJkd;> eufhRud;> ,uzpad;> khgyp Nghd;w jkpourHfs; nfhbatHfshfr; rpj;jpupf;fg;gl;L tQ;rfj;jhy; tPo;jg;gl;lij ehNk nfhz;lhb kfpo;fpNwhk;!

xU Ehw;whz;Lf;F Kd;dH tho;e;j ghujpahH mf;fpufhuj;jpy; gpwe;Jk; mwpTf;Fk; Kl;lhs;j;jdj;Jf;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s NtWghl;il czHe;jtH. mtH Rj;j mwpnthd;Nw nja;tk; vd;fpwhH.

vjDhLk; epd;Nwhq;Fk; mwpnthd;Nw nja;tnkd;Nwhjp mwpaPNuh?

Rj;j mwpNt rptnkd;W $Wk; RUjpfs; NfsPNuh? - gy
gpj;jkjq;fspNy jLkhwpg; ngUik moptPNuh?

ghujpahH cz;ikf;Fk; ngha;f; fijfSf;Fk; cs;s NtWghl;il czHe;jtH;. vdNtjhd; 'Ntjq;fis ek;G> mtw;wpd; nghUisj; njupe;J nfhz;L gpwF ek;G. Guhzq;fis Ntjq;fshf epidj;J klikfs; Ngrp tpyq;Ffs; Nghy; ele;J nfhs;shNj” vd;W fbfpwhH.

cz;ikapd; NgHnja;tk; vd;Nghk; - md;wp
    XjpLk; nja;tq;fs; ngha;nadf; fz;Nlhk;>
cz;ikfs; Ntjq;fs; vd;Nghk; - gpwpJ
    cs;s kiwfs; fijnadf; fz;Nlhk;
flypdpidj; jhTk; Fuq;Fk; - ntq;
    fdypw; gpwe;jNjhH nrt;tpjo;g; ngz;Zk;
tlkiy jho;e;jjdhNy - njw;fpy;
    te;J rkd;nrAk; Fl;il KdpAk;
ejpap Ds;NsKO fpg;Ngha; - me;j
    ehfH cyfpNyhH ghk;gpd; kfis
tpjpAw Ntkzk; nra;j - jpwy;
    tPkDk; fw;gid vd;gJ fz;Nlhk;.
xd;Wkw; nwhd;iwg; gopf;Fk; - xd;wpy;
    cz;iknad; Nwhjpkw; nwhd;Wngha; nad;Dk;
ed;W Guhzq;fs; nra;jhH - mjpy;
    ey;y ftpij gyg;gy je;jhH
ftpij kpfey;y NjDk; - mf;
    fijfs; ngha;nad;W njspTwf; fz;Nlhk;
Gtpjdpy; tho;newp fhl;b - ed;ik
    Nghjpf;Fk; fl;Lf; fijfs; mitjhk;.

A+iy 14 Mk; ehs; ehNsLfspy; xU nra;jp te;jJ. jkpo;nkhop Clfq;fs; me;jr; nra;jpiag; ngUk;ghYk; ,Ul;lbg;Gr; nra;J tpl;ld. me;jr; nra;jpapd; jiyg;G “ePUld; cs;s Nfhs; - R+upa kz;lyj;jpw;F ntspNa Kjd;Kjy; fz;Lgpbg;G” vd;gjhFk;.

capu; tho;tjw;F Xu; mbg;gilj; Njitahd ePu; cs;s Nfhs; (fpufk;) xd;W> R+upa kz;lyj;jpw;F ntspapy; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gij thdpayhsHfs; njupag;gLj;jpdu;.

ePiug; ngw;wpUf;fpw ,e;jf; Nfhs; Ntjp (urhad) vup nghUs;fisf; nfhz;L ehk; nrYj;Jk; VTfizfs; vl;l Kbahj njhiytpy; ,Uf;fpwJ;. tho;tjw;Fg; nghUj;jkw;wjhfTk; cs;sJ. mjpy; ghiwapy;iy. thAjhd; ,Uf;fpwJ. mjpy; cs;s ntg;gepiy v/Fit cUf;fj;jf;fjhFk;;. mjdhy; mjpypUf;Fk; ePu;> kpFntg;g ePuhtpahf khwptpLfpwJ.

,e;jf; NfhSf;F (fpufj;jpw;F) HD 189733b vdg; ngauplg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. R+upa kz;lyj;jpy; Rw;wptUk; tpaho Nfhistpl 15 tpOf;fhL ngupjhf ,e;jf; Nfhs; ,Uf;fpwJ.

cy;ngFyh (eup) vDk; ngaiuf;nfhz;l el;rj;jpu kz;lyj;jpy; cs;s xU el; rj;jpuj;ijr; Rw;wp ,g;nghOJ fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; Nfhs; Rw;WfpwJ. R+up aidg; Nghd;W jhNd xsp tpLk; tpz;nghUs; el;rj;jpuk; (cL) vd;Wk;> el;rj;jp uj;jpy; ,Ue;J xspiag; ngw;Wg; gpujpgypf;Fk; tpz; nghUs; Nfhs; (fpufk;) vd; Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. Nfhs;fs; VjhtJ xU el;rj;jpuj;ijr; Rw;wp tUfpd;wd.

ma;Nuhg;gpa tpz;ntsp Kfik (Agency) kw;Wk; ,yz;ldpy; cs;s gy;fiyf; fy;Y}up Mfpatw;iwr; Nru;e;j FO> [pNahtd;dh bdl;b vd;gtupd; jiyikapy; ,e;jf; Nfhisf; fz;Lgpbj;jjhf gpupj;jhdpa mwptpay; thu ,johd Nature (,aw;if) njuptpf;fp;d;wJ.

HD 189733b vDk; ,e;jf; Nfhs;> mJ Rw;wptUk; el;rj;jpuj;jpd; xspiag; gpujp gypj;jnghOJ cz;lhd xspr; rpjwy;> mjd; ntspg; gFjpapy; ePu; ,Ug;gijf; fhl;baJ.

R+upa FLk;gj;jpw;F ntspapy; cs;s cyfq;fs; Kjd; Kjypy; 1995 ,y; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;ld. ,Jtiu 245 cyfq;fs; fzL gpbf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. khjk; xd;wpw;F %d;W my;yJ ehd;F tPjk; mtw;wpd; fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; epfo;fpd;wd vd;W “R+upa FLk;gj;jpw;F ntspapy; cs;s Nfhs;fspd; fiyf;fsQ;rpak;’’ $WfpwJ.

,e;jf; fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; midj;Jk; me;jf; Nfhs;fs; mtw;wpd; el;rj;jpuq;fspd; xspiag; gpujpgypf;Fk; nghOJ> me;j xspapy; Vw;gLk; miritf; nfhz;L epfo;e;jit MFk;. ,e;j xsp Cryhl;lk;> Nfhspd; msT> Rw;Wg;ghij> ntspkz;lyk; Mfpatw;wpd; jd;ikfisg;gw;wpj; njuptpf;fpwJ.

HD 189733b vDk; NfhSf;Fk; mjd; el;rj;jpuj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s njhiyT> Gtpf;Fk; R+upaDf;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s njhiyittpl 30 klq;F FiwT MFk;. mjd; fhuzkhf ,e;jf; Nfhspd; ntspkz;ly ntg;gk; 2000 ghif nry;rpa]; (3000 ghif /ghud;`Pl;) Mf ,Uf;fpwJ.

ePiu vg;nghOJk; Mtp epiyapy; itf;Fk; kpF ntg;gNkh> mij vg;nghOJk; ciw epiyapy; ,Uj;Jk; kpF FspNuh mw;w ePu;k (jput) epiyapy; ePiu itj;jpUf;Fk; ekJ G+kpia xj;j ntg;g epiyia cila Nfhs; xd;wpidf; fz;Lgpbf;Fk; Kaw;rp njhlu;e;J eil ngWfpwJ.

fle;j Mz;L ngg;utup khjk; 21 Mk; ehs; thd;ntspia Muha AKARI vd;w nra;kjpia ag;ghd; mz;lntsp Muha;r;rp Kfik (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) ma;Nuhg;gh mz;lntsp KfikNahL ,ize;J tpz;Zf;F VtpaJ. ,jd; Nehf;fk; ghy;kz;lyq;fs;> cLf;fs;> Nfhs;fs; Mfpatw;wpd; cUthf;fk; kw;Wk; cUkyHr;rp gw;wp Mokhf mwpe;J nfhs;tjhFk;. ,e;jr; nra;kjpapy; nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;s njhiy - rptg;G msit (Far-Infrared Surveyor) fUtp rptg;G miytupirapy; (infrared wavelengths 60>90 and 140 microns) Kd; vg;nghOjk; ,y;yhjthW vkJ ghy; kz;lyj;jpd; may; kz;lykhd The Large Magellanic Cloud ia Jy;ypakhfg; glk; gpbj;J me;j tpaj;jF gbkq;fis (images) G+kpf;F mDg;GfpwJ. me;j gbkq;fs; - gy cLf;fs; (el;rj;jpuq;fs;) ,g;NghJk; cUthFtijf; fhl;LfpwJ.

,e;jg; ngupa knfy;yhdpf; Kfpy; 160>000 xsp Mz;Lfs; njhiytpy; (thdpay; msTg;gb ,J kpftk; mz;kpj;j njhiythFk;) cs;sJ. ,e;j cLkz;lyj;jpy; (glaxy) 10 Mapuk; kpy;ypad; (Mapuk; Nfhb) el;rj;jpuq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. vkJ ghy; ntspkz;lyj;NjhL xg;gpLifapy; ,e;j vz;zpf;if gj;jpy; xd;whFk;.

fle;j Vg;gpupy; khjk; vq;fsJ #upa kz;ly Kiwikf;F mg;ghy; Gtpiag; Nghd;w xU Nfhis thdpayhsHfs; fz;L gpbj;jhHfs;. ,e;jf; Nfhs; Gliese 581 vd;w el;rj;jpuj;ijr; Rw;wp tUtjhy; mjw;F Gliese 581c vd;W ngupl;Ls;sdH. ,e;j el;rj;jpuk; vkJ Gtpf;F 20.5 xspahz;L njhiytpy; cs;sJ. ,e;jf; Nfhs; Gliese 581c el;rj;jpuj;ij kpf mzpikapy; (Qhapiwr; Rw;wptUk; Gjd; Nfhistpl mzpj;jhf) Rw;wp tUfpwJ. fpl;lj;jl;l ehk; thOk; Gtpia xj;j jl;gntg;gk; ,e;jf; Nfhspy; ,Ug;gjhf thdpayhsHfs; $WfpwhHfs;. mstpy; vkJ Gtpia tpl 50 tpOf;fhL ngupaJ.

jkpoHfs; ,e;j tpaj;jF mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fs; gw;wpf; fpQ;rpj;Jk; ftiyg;gLtjpy;iy. “G+ ,t;tsTjhdh? vq;fs; KUfd; jd;;de;jdpNa kapypy; cyfj;ijr; Rw;wp te;jtH” vdj; jk;gl;lk; mbf;fpwhHfs;. my;yJ gy Mapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dNu ,uhtzd; Gl;gf tpkhdj;jpy; xt;nthU ehSk; fapiyf;Fg; gwe;J nrd;W rptngUkhidf; Fk;gpl;L te;jtd; vdf; $WfpwhHfs;.

Nkw;Fyf thdpayhsHfs; vkJ QhapW kz;lyj;ijr; Rw;wptUk; Nfhs;fis Muha Vtpa nra;kjpfs; mtw;iwr; Rw;wptUfpd;wd. jkpoNdh etNfhs;fisr; Rw;wpf; nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwhd;.

Nrhjpl rpfhkzpfSk; thdpay;gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;s vj;jdpg;gjpy;iy. NrhjplHfs; xNu rhjfj;ijg; ghHj;J vjpHkhwhd gyd;fisr; nrhy;tijapl;L ftiyg;gLtjpy;iy. xU Foe;ij gpwe;j Neuj;ijf; fzpg;gjpy; Vw;gLk; Fog;gq;fs; gw;wpf; fpQ;rpj;Jk; ntl;fg;gLtjpy;iy.

'vd;Dila tho;f;ifapy; vdJ rhjfj;jpy; nrhd;dgb> vdJ ifNuif rhj;jpuk; nrhd;dgb vy;yhk; mr;nrhl;lhf elf;fpwJ ' vd;W nrhy;Yk; VkhspfSk; NfhkhspfSk; epiwa ,Uf;F kl;Lk; NrhjplHfs; vjw;fhff; ftiyg; glNtz;Lk;? vijg;gw;wpf; ftiyg; glNtz;Lk;? (tsUk;)

Nrhjpl rhj;jpuj;jpy; mwptpaypd; mk;rq;fs; rpy fhzg;gLtJ cz;ikNa. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf fzf;F> rpf;fyhd tiuglq;fs; (complicated diagrams) kw;Wk; jdpj;Jtkhd nrhw;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,Ue;Jk; Nrhjplk; xU Nghyp mwptpay; (pseudo-science) vd;gjpy; ve;j ma;aKk; ,y;iy. mwptpayhsHfs; msitfis (measurements) fl;Lg;ghlhd Ma;Tfs; %yk; epWTfpwhHfs;.

NrhjplHfs; jq;fs; rpj;jhq;fq;fis vz;gpf;f ve;j Ma;TfisAk; Nkw;nfhs;tjpy;iy. khwhf rpyUf;Fj; jhq;fs; rpy rkak; nrhy;ypa rpy gyd;fs; rupahfg; gypj;jjhfr; nrhy;YgtHfspd; fijfisNa rhd;whff; fhl;LfpwhHfs;. gyrkak; nrhy;ypa gy gyd;fs; gypf;fhJ Nghd fijfs; mk;gyj;Jf;F tUtjpy;iy. ghku kf;fSk; EhW gyd;fs; nrhy;yp mjpy; xd;wpuz;L FUl;Lj;jdkhfg; gypj;jhy; Nrhjplk; cz;ik vd ek;gptpLfpwhHfs;. kpFjpg; gyd;fs; gypf;fhky; Nghdij trjpahf kwe;J tpLfpwhHfs;.

NrhjplHfs; mtHfsJ tho;ehspy; xUNghJk; njhiyNehf;fpfisg; gad;gLj;jpaJ fpilahJ. cLf;fs;> Nfhs;fs;> cLkz;lyq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw Muha;r;rp nra;tNj fpilahJ. mjw;fhd NjitAk; mtHfSf;F ,y;iy. mtHfs; ,d;dKk; gurhuH> tuh`kpfpuH fhyj;jpy; tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpwhHfs;. NrhjplHfs; mwptpayhsHfs; fz;L gpbj;j fzpdp %yk; Nfhs;fs;> el;rj;jpuq;fs; Mfpatw;wpd; ,Uf;if> Xl;lk; Nghd;wtw;iw mwpe;J nfhs;fpwhHfs;. gy ehl;fs; vLj;Jf; ifahy; fzpj;j rhjfq;fis ,d;W fzpdp ,uz;L tpdhbapy; fzpj;Jg; gyDk; nrhy;yptpLfpwJ!

,g;NghJ jkpo; Clfq;fspy; rdpg; ngaHr;rp gw;wpj;jhd; Ngr;rhf ,Uf;fpwJ. NrhjplHfs; rdpg; ngaHr;rpg; gyd;fs; gw;wpg; gf;fk; gf;fkhf vOjpf; Ftpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;. mtHfisg; nghWjjstpy; rdpf; Nfhs; fhR fha;f;Fk; kukhFk;!

ghku kf;fs; kl;Lky;y gbj;j Kl;lhs;fSk; rdpg; ngaHr;rp vd;why; rdP];tud; %l;il Kbr;Rf;fis vy;yhk; fl;bf;nfhz;L jd; FLk;gj;NjhL mLj;j tPl;Lf;Ff; Fb ngau;e;J Nghfpwhu; vd;W epidj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhHfs;!

vkJ #upa FLk;gk; Njhd;wp mz;zsthf 450 Nfhb Mz;Lfs; Mfpd;wd. md;W njhl;L ,d;Wtiu rdpf; Nfhs; Qhapiwr; Rw;wp te;J nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpwJ. ,d;Dk; ehDhW Nfhb Mz;LfshtJ njhlHe;J Rw;wpf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.

rdpf; Nfhs; kl;Lky;y Vida Nfhs;fSk; (8) Qhapiw kzpg;nghwpf;F vjpHj;jpirapy; jq;fsJ Rw;Wg; ghijapy; Rw;wpf; nfhz;L tUfpd;wd. mg;gbr; Rw;wpf; nfhz;L tUk;NghJ jj;jkJ mr;rpy;> nts;spf; Nfhs; ePq;fyhf> kzpg;nghwpf;F vjpHj;jpirapy; Rod;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. nts;sp kzpg;nghwpf;F xj;j jpirapy; Rw;WfpwJ.

rdpf; NfhNs Gtpapy; cs;s kdpjHfsJ Cdf; fz;Zf;F thd;ntspapy; njupAk; filrpf; NfhshFk;.

rdpf; Nfhs; cNuhkH kw;Wk; fpNuf;fHfsJ Ntshz;ikf; flTshf (Agricultural god) topglg;gl;lJ.

vy;yhf; Nfhs;fSk; ePs;tl;lj;jpy; rha; Nfhzj;jpy; Rw;Wfpd;wd. Nfhs;fspy; Gjd;> nts;sp> Gtp> nrt;tha; Mfpa Nfhs;fs; ghiwfspdhy; Mdit. tpahod;> rdp> neg;jpA+d;> A+NuD]; Mfpa Nfhs;fs; thAtpdhYk; Mdit.

Nrhjpl rhj;jpuKk; NrhjplHfSk; rdpf; Nfhis nfl;l Nfhshfr; rpj;jpupf;fpwhHfs;. jpl;Lk; NghJ $l “rdpaNd” vd;W jpl;LtJ me;jf; Nfhisg; gw;wpa kf;fsJ ntWg;igf; fhl;LfpwJ. rdpf; Nfhis fUg;G epwkhfTk; ehy; tUzjjpy; filrp tUzkhd #j;jpudhfTk KltdhfTk; kdpjHfis Ml;bg;gilf;Fk; F&u Gj;jpAila tpy;ydhfTk; NrhjplHfs; tUzpf;fpwhHfs;.

ey;ytHfis tplf; nfl;ltHfSf;Fg; gag;gLtJ kdpj ,ay;ghFk;. flTSf;Fg; gag;glhjtHfs; $l rdpf;Fg; gag;gLfpwhHfs;. rdPRtudpd; thfdk; fhfk;. jhdpak; vs;S (mJjhd; vs;nsz;izr; rl;b vupg;gjw;Ff; fhuzk;) fyp> fhup> Kltd; vd;Wk; rdpf;Fg; gy ngaHfs; cz;L.

Xbg; NghdtDf;F 10 Mk; ,lj;jpy; FU mfg;gl;ltDf;F ml;lkj;jpy; rdp vd;w gonkhop ,Uf;fpwJ.

rdpia Vd; Kltd; vd;W ,opT gLj;JfpwhHfs;? mjw;nfhU Guhzf; fij ,Uf;fpwJ. ,uhtzdpd; kfd; ,e;jpu[pj;J kpfg; ngupa tPud;. ,td; gpwg;gjw;F Kd; Nrhjplu;fis mioj;J ey;y K$u;j;jNtis Fwpf;Fk;gb ,uhtzd; fl;lis ,l;lhd;. mtd; fl;lisf;fika rdPRtuid gjpNdhuhk; tPl;by; (ntw;wpiaj; jUk; tPL) ,Uf;f K$u;j;jk; Fwpf;fg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; ,e;jpu[pj; gpwf;Fk; nghOJ rdp jdJ xU fhiyg; gd;dpuz;lhk; tPl;by; Eioj;Jtpl;lhu;. ,jdhy; rPw;wkile;j ,uhtzd; mtupd; xU ghjj;ijj; Jz;bj;J tpl;lhd;.

Voiur; rdp> ml;lkj;Jr; rdp (8 ,y; rdp rQ;rhuk; nra;jhy; rpiwj; jz;lid ngwg; gyd; cz;L) kq;F rdp> nghq;F rdp vdr; rdpf;Fg; gy ngaHfs; cz;L. rdpapd; ghu;it nfhbaJ. ePz;l fhy tho;Tf;Fk; kuzj;jpw;f;Fk; fhufd; rdp. tWik> Neha;> fyfk;> mtkupahij> ,Uk;G> vz;nza;> fUikepwk; ,itfSf;Fk; rdp fhufd;. xUtuJ rhjfj;jpy; rdp 8 MtJ tPl;by; fhzg;gl;lhy; mJ kuzj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk;. xUtuJ rhjfj;jpy; rdp ePrk; ngw;W tf;fpuk; ngwhky; gyk; ,oe;j epiyapy; ,Ue;jhy; thj Nehia Vw;gLj;Jk;.

[hjf ghyjPgif vd;gJ tlnkhopapy; ke;jpNuRtuH vd;gtuhy; vOjg;gl;l Nrhjpl Ehy;. tuh`kpfpuH> =gjpaj;jjp> ]huhtsp Mfpatw;Wf;F tpsf;fk; $Wk; ‘mw;Gj’ Ehy;. ,e;j Ehiy gpuk;k= flyq;Fb eNlr rh];jpupfs; jkpopy; nkhopngaHj;jpUf;fpwhH. mjpy; ghg fpufkhd rdpf; fpufj;ijg; gw;wp vOjpapUg;gij ,g;NghJ (gf;fk; 45) gbAq;fs;. gbj;J tpl;L mOtjh rpupg;gjh vd;gij ePq;fNs KbT fl;Lq;fs;.

rdp – xU fhy; nehz;bAk; Moj;jpypUf;Fk; fz;Zs;stDk; ,isj;j ruPuKs;stDk; ePz;ltDk; euk;glHe;jtDk; Nrhk;gYs;stDk;> fWj;j mq;fq;fSs;stDk; thA epiwe;jtDk; mjpfk; Nfhs; nrhy;gtDk; rpWeuk;glHe;jtDk; jatw;wtDk; gpbthjf;fhuDk; ];Jhykhd efk;> gy; ,itAs;stDk; fbdkhd Nuhkk; mq;fk; ,itAs;stDk; mRj;jDk; jhk] ];tghtKs;stDk; gaq;fuDk; Nfhgj;ijg; gpujhdkha;f; nfhz;ltDk; fpoj;jdk; tha;ejtDk; fWj;j t];jpuKstDkhthd;.

gag;gl Ntz;lhk;. ,tw;wpy; xU Jsp $l cz;ikapy;iy. vy;yhk; NrhjplHfspd; GYlh! NrhjplHfs; nrhy;tJ Nghy; rdp nja;tk; my;y> kdpjd; my;y> nehz;b my;y. mJ thAtpdhy; Md xU Nfhs;!

#upadpy; ,Ue;J 6 MtJ njhiy ,lj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; rdpf; Nfhs; gw;wpa tpsf;fk; mjid Ma;T nra;j NthNa[;[H tpz;fyk; mDg;gpa (1980 - 91) juTfshy; fpilf;fg; ngw;wit MFk;. rdp xU ePs;tl;lj;jpy; 9>500 kpy;ypad; iky; njhiytpy; jdJ mr;rpy; jd;idj;jhNd Rw;wpathW #upaidr; Rw;wp tUfpwJ. rdp jd;idr; Rw;w vLf;Fk; fhyk; 10 kzp 39 tpdhbahFk;. mJ #upaidr; Rw;w vLf;Fk; fhyk; 29.5 Gtp Mz;LfshFk;.

,uz;lhtJ ngupa Nfhshd rdp 88 tpOf;fhL ePuf thA (Hydrogen) kw;Wk; 11 tpOf;fhL `Pypak; (Helium) thA Mfpatw;why; epiwe;Js;sJ. eLf; Nfhl;by; rdpapd; tpl;lk; 75>000 iky; (119>300 fpkP) MFk;. JUt tpl;lk; [Polar Diameter] 66>000 iky; MFk;. rdp vkJ Gtpia tpl 8>000 klq;F Mw;wy; tha;e;j fhe;j fsj;ij cilaJ.

JUtq;fs; rw;Wr; rg;igahd cUz;il tbtj;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;wd. G+kpapy; cs;s etPd njhiyNehf;fp %yk; ghu;j;jhYk; rdpf; Nfhspd; xU rpy Mapuk; fpNyh kPl;lu; ,ilntspf;F Nky; Muha KbahJ.

rdpapd; Nkff; $l;lq;fspd; ntg;gk; -176 ghif C. eLf;Nfhl;by; kj;jpk Nuiff; fhw;W [Equatorial Winds] mbf;Fk; Ntfk; kzpf;F 1060 iky;!

ehrhtpd; thdpayhsH Dr.Linda Spilker vd;gtH xU ,uhl;rj njhl;bia vk;khy; cUthf;f KbAk; vd;why; mjpy; rdpf; Nfhs; kpjf;Fk; vd;fpwhH.

rdpf; Nfhs; Qhapiwr; Rw;wptUfpwJ vd;gij NkNy ghHj;Njhk;. 360 ghif nfhz;l ,e;j thd;ntsp tl;lj;ij rdpf; Nfhs; Rw;wptu 29 Mz;L 7 khjq;fs; vLf;fpwJ. mjhtJ 360 khjq;fspy; khjk; fpl;lj;jl;l xU ghif vd;w fzf;fpy;) xU Rw;iw Kbf;Fk;. rdpf; Nfhs; xU ,uhrpapd; 30 ghiffisf; fle;J mLj;j ,uhrpapd; vy;iyf;Fs; Eiotijj;jhd; NrhjplHfs; rdpg; ngau;r;rp vd miof;fpwhHfs;.

Qhapiwr; Rw;wp tUk; kw;wf; Nfhs;fSk; mtw;wpd; Ntfj;ijg; nghWj;J (mj;jpahak; 28) xt;nthU ,uhrp tPl;ilAk; fle;J nry;fpd;wd. Mdhy; rdpg; ngaHr;rp> FU ngaHr;rp ,uz;Lf;FNk Nrhjplk; mjpfsT Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fpwJ.

flf ,uhrpapy; Rkhu; ,uz;liu Mz;L;fSf;F Kd;G Eioe;j rdpf; Nfhs; me;j ,uhrpapd; KOj; J}uj;ijAk; (30 ghif) fle;J ,g;NghJ 121 MtJ ghifapy; njhlq;Fk; rpk;k ,uhrpf;Fs; GFe;Js;sJ. (,uhrpfs; xt;nthd;iwAk; 30 ghifahfg; gpupj;jjw;F thdpay; mbg;gil ,y;iy vd;gij Vw;fdNt 28 MtJ mj;jpahaj;jpy; tpsf;fpAs;Nsd;)

rdpf;Nfhs; ngaHr;rp ve;j Neuj;jpy; ,lk;ngWfpwJ vd;gjpy; NrhjplHfsplk; xj;j fUj;jpy;iy. ,J tof;fkhd rq;fjp vd;gJ cq;fSf;Fj; njupAk;.

GJr;Nrupapy; cs;s jpUes;shW Nfhapypd; mjpfhuG+u;t mwpf;if rdpg; ngau;r;rp (thf;fpa gQ;rhq;fg;gb) tUk; Mf];l; khjk; 5Mk; ehs; (mjhtJ Mb khjk; 20 Mk; ehs;) rdpg; ngau;r;rp vd;W $WfpwJ. Mdhy; jpUf;fzpj gQ;rhq;fk; (Based on the Indian Ephemeris) rdpg; ngaHr;rp fle;j A+iy 16 Mk; ehs; jpq;fl;fpoik fhiy 4.46 (,e;jpa Neuk;) kzpf;F ,lk;ngw;Wtpl;lJ vdf; $WfpwJ! mLj;j rdpg; ngaHr;rp

jpUf;fzpj gQ;rhq;fg;gb A+iy 17 ,y; gpwe;j Foe;ijapd; rhjfj;jpy; rdp rpk;kuhrpapy; (Sa = Saturn) ,Ug;gijf; ftdpAq;fs;.

	re;jpud;> rdp	FU>Rf;fpud; uhF
	,uhrp	#upad;
yf;fpdk; (kfuk;)	,uhrp	Gjd;
NfJ	nrt;tha;

	rdp	FU>Rf;fpud; uhF>re;jpud;
	,uhrp	#upad;
yf;fpdk; (kfuk;)	,uhrp	Gjd;
NfJ	nrt;tha;