Nrhjplk

fle;j Mf];l; 17 Mk; ehs; (tpahof;fpoik) nrf; Fbaurpd; jiyefuhd gpuhf; efupy; gd;dhl;L thdpayhsHfs; khehL ,lk;ngw;wJ. ,e;j khehl;by; cyfshtpa mstpy; 75 ehLfisr; Nru;e;j Rkhu; 2 Mapuj;J 500 thdpay; mwpQHfs; gq;Nfw;wdu;.

nghJthf ,g;gbahd khehL gw;wpa nra;jpfs; ngupjhf ntsptUtjpy;iy. Clfq;fs; thdpaiy tpl Nrhjplk; gw;wpa nra;jpfisNa mjpfk; gpuRupf;fpd;wd. kf;fSk; mg;gbahd nra;jpfisNa thrpf;f tpUk;GfpwhHfs;.

Mdhy; thdpayhsH khehl;by; GSl;Nlh gjtp ,wf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lJ ngupa nra;jpahfptpl;lJ.

1781 Mk; Mz;L tiu tpahoidj; jhz;b NtW Nfhs;fis kf;fs; mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; me;j Mz;L ANud]; vd;w NfhSk; 1846 ,y; Mz;L neg;jpA+d; NfhSk; 1930 ,y; GShl;Nlh NfhSk; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;ld.

,e;jf; fz;L gpbg;Gfshy; Nfhs;fspd; vz;zpf;if Mwpy; ,Ue;J xd;gjhf caHe;jJ. Mf> fpufq;fspd; vz;zpf;if mt;tg;NghJ khwpf; nfhz;L te;jpUf;fpwJ. kf;fSk; mjid Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;shHfs;.

gpuhf; efupy; ele;j gd;dhl;L thdpay; mwpQu;fs; khehl;by; QhapW FLk;g cWg;gpdu;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia 12 Mf caHj;JtJ vdf; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l xU jPHkhdk; gw;wp tpthjk; ele;jJ.

me;j 12 Nfhs;fs; Gjd;> nts;sp> Gtp> nrt;tha;> Nrnw]; (Ceres) tpahod;> rdp> ANud];> neg;jpA+d;> GSl;Nlh> rhwd; (Charon) kw;Wk; 2003 UB313 MfpadthFk;.

Mdhy; 12 Nfhs;fs; mq;fPfupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w jPHkhdk; khehl;by; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy. khwhf GSl;Nlhit Nfhs;fspd; gl;baypy; ,Ue;J ePf;fptpl Ntz;Lk; vd;w jPHkhdk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,g;NghJ GShl;NlhTf;F 134340 vd;w vz; xJf;fg;l;Ls;sJ. ,jdhy; R+upaidr; Rw;wp tUk; 1>36>562 tpz;nghUs;fspy; GSl;NlhTk; xd;whf cs;slf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ. ,g;NghJ Nfhs;fspd; vz;zpf;if 9 ,y; ,Ue;J 8 Mff; Fiwe;J tpl;lJ.

mNj rkak; neg;jpA+Df;F mg;ghy; Kuiper Belt vd;w gFjpapy; Mapuf;fzf;py; fhzg;gLk; mow;ghiwfspy; GSl;Nlh> rhNwhd; (Charon) kw;Wk; 2003 UB313 kl;Lk; GSl;Nlhd;]; (Plutons) vd miog;gJ vdj; jPHkhdpf;fg;gl;lJ.

vtw;iwf; Nfhs;fshfr; NrHj;Jf; nfhs;syhk; vd;gjw;F thdpayhsHfs; tiutpyf;fzk; tFj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;.

Nfhs; xU tpz;kPidr; (el;rj;jpuj;ij); Rw;w Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy;> mJNt xU tpz;kPdhf ,Uf;ff;$lhJ.

Nfhs;> Nfhs;tbtpy; (sphere) ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; jdJ mlu;j;jpf;Fj; jFe;j <u;g;G tpir ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. jkpopy; Nfhs; vd;why; cUz;il vd;gJ nghUs; MFk;.

Nfhspd; FWf;fsT 800 fpkP f;F rw;W mjpfkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. epyitg; Nghy 0.6 rjtPj mlu;j;jp $Ljyhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

GSl;Nlhitf; Nfhs;fspd; gl;baypy; ,Ue;J ePf;ff; $lhJ gjtp ,wf;fk; nra;af;$lhJ vdg; gupe;J Ngrpa thdpayhsHfs; ,Ue;jhHfs;. mtHfspy; gyH mnkupf;f thdpayhsHfs; vdr; nra;jpfs; njuptpj;jd.

GSl;NlhTf;F MjuT jpul;ba ,d;ndhU $l;lKk; ,Ue;jJ. mJ Nkw;Fyf NrhjplHfs; rq;fq;fs; MFk;. mit ngUk; nghUl;nrytpy; mjw;fhd gug;Giuiar; nra;jJ.

Nkw;Fyf Nrhjplj;jpy; GSl;NlhitAk; xU Nfhshfr; NrHj;J mjw;F ,uhrpr; rf;fuj;jpy; tPLk; xJf;fpg; gyDk; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ! vdNt GSl;Nlh gjtp ,wf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lJ mtHfsJ Vkhw;wpg; gzk; gpLq;Fk; gpiog;gpy; kz;iz ms;spg; Nghl;Ltpl;lJ.

Nrhjplk; Nkw;Fyf ehLfspy; Nfhbf;fzf;fhd nlhyHfs; GuSk; xU ngupa njhopy;. Ehw;Wf;fzf;fhd fpoik> khj Nrhjpl rQ;rpiffs; ntspte;J tpw;gidahfpd;wd.

mnkupf;fhtpy; 10>000 Fk; mjpfkhd NrhjplHfs; rhjfk; fzpg;gJ> rhjfgyd; nrhy;tJ> ifNuif ghHg;gJ> vz;rhj;jpuk; nrhy;tJ> Fwpnrhy;tJ (psychic) nrhy;tJ> Tarrot thrpg;gJ vd Nrhjplj;ij KO Neuj; njhopyhfr; nra;J tUfpwhHfs;. mnkupf;fHfs; Nrhjplk; ghHg;gjw;F Mz;nlhd;Wf;F 200 kpy;ypad; nlhyHfisr; nrytpLfpwhHfs;. ,jw;F khwhf mnkupf;fhtpy; 3>000 njhopy;rhH thdpayhsHfNs ,Uf;fpwhHfs;. EhW kpy;ypad; nlhyHfNs mbg;gil Muha;r;rpf;Fr; (tpz;ntsp Muha;r;rp ePq;fyhf) nrytplg;gLfpwJ.

Nfhs;fSf;F cNuhk (,yj;jPd;) nkhopapNyNa ngaupl;Ls;shHfs;. ANud]; kl;Lk; fpNuf;f nkhopg; ngauhFk;. Gtpf;F ,l;Ls;s ngaH gioa Mq;fpykhFk;. cNuhk ,jpfhrj;jpy; GSl;Nlh ,wg;Gf; flTs; (God of Death) MthH. cs;SH ,akDila ,ul;il vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. rdpf;F GSl;Nlh kfd; Kiw. tpahod; kw;Wk; neg;jpA+d; ,UtUk; cld;gpwg;Gf;fs;. ,we;jtHfs; ghjhs cyfj;Jf; Nghtjhy; GSl;Nlhit ghjhsf; flTs; vd;W $WtH. 1830 ,y; fz;L gpbf;fg;gl;l GSl;Nlh ,d;Dk; KOjhf Qhapiwr; Rw;wptutpy;iy. Qhapiw xUKiw Rw;wptu mJ 228 (227.92) Gtp Mz;Lfs; vLf;fpwJ. mjd; tpl;lk; 2>274 fpkP. jpzpT 1.29 x 10²² fpfp. Qhapwpy; ,Ue;J nghJNkdpj; njhiyT 5,906,376,200 fpkP (39.48 AU ) MFk;.

GSl;Nlh Nfhs;fspd; gl;baypy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;lijapl;L ,e;jpa NrhjplHfs; ahUk; myl;bf; nfhs;stpy;iy. fhuzk;> mjid ,e;jpa NrhjplHfs; fzf;fpy; vLg;gjpy;iy. Cdf; fz;zhy; ghHj;j Gjd;> nts;sp> nrt;tha;> tpahod;> rdp Nfhs;fNshL tpz;kPdhd QhapW> Jizf; Nfhshd epyh> ,uhF NfJ vd;w ,uz;L fw;gidf; Nfhs;fs; Mfpatw;iwNa xd;gJ Nfhs;fs; (etf;fpufk;) vd ,e;jpa NrhjplHfs; nrhy;fpwhHfs;.

cz;ikapy; QhapiwAk; epyhitAk; Nfhs;fNshL NrHj;jpUf;ff; $lhJ. tpz;kPdhd QhapWf;F Ra xsp cz;L. Nfhs;fSf;F Ra xsp ,y;iy. epyh Gtpiar; Rw;wptUk; Jizf; Nfhs; MFk;. ,e;j NtWghL Qhdf; fz;zhy; Kf;fhyj;ijAk; mwpe;j KdptHfSf;Fj; njupe;jpUf;ftpy;iy.

,g;NghJ “Nrhjplj;jhy; tpguPjk; Foe;ijf;F Voiu rdp jPf;Fspj;J jha; rhT - fztd;> kfd;fs; gLfhak;” vdj; jiyg;gpl;L jpdfud; nra;jp Vl;by; (nrg;njk;gH 25> 2006) ntspte;j ,e;jr; nra;jpiag; gbAq;fs;.

Foe;ijf;F Voiu rdp gpbj;jpUf;fpwJ vd N[hjplu; $wpajhy; tpuf;jpaile;j jha;> jPf;Fspj;J jw;nfhiy nra;J nfhz;lhu;

Nkl;^u;> nrg;. 25: Nryk;> nej;jpNkl;ilr; Nru;e;jtu; Jiurhkp (32). kpd;thupaj;jpy; gzpahw;wp tUfpwhu;. ,tUila kidtp ky;ypfh (29). ,tu;fSf;F jPgf; (2)> kzp (10 khjk;) Mfpa kfd;fs; cs;sdu;.

Jiurhkp fle;j 22 Mk; Njjp Nkl;^u; mUNf cs;s jdJ khkpahu; tPl;bw;F kidtp> Foe;ijfSld; nrd;whu;. tPl;by; ,Ue;j ky;ypfh jdJ clypy; kz;nzz;iza; Cw;wpj; jP itj;jhu;. mUfpy; ,Ue;j Foe;ijfs; jPgf;> kzp MfpNahu; kPJk; jP gutpaJ. mywy; rj;jk; Nfl;L Xb te;j Jiurhkp mtu;fisf; fhg;ghw;w Kad;whu;> mtUf;Fk; jPf;fhak; Vw;gl;lJ.

Jiurhkp> ky;ypfh ,UtUk; Nkl;^u; muR kUj;Jtkidapy; Nru;f;fg;gl;ldu;. ,q;F ky;ypfh kUj;Jtk; gadspf;fhJ ,we;jhu;. Foe;ijfs; ,UtUf;Fk; kUj;Jtk; mspf;fg;gLfpwJ.

ky;ypfh rpy jpdq;fSf;F Kd; Nrhjplk; ghu;j;jhu;. mg;NghJ> 10 khjf; Foe;ijahd kzpf;F Voiu rdp gpbj;jpUf;fpwJ vdr; Nrhjplu; $wpAs;shu;. ,jdhy;> FLk;gj;jpy; f\;lq;fs; tUk; vd mf;fk; gf;fj;jpduplk; nrhy;yp ky;ypfh ftiyg;gl;Ls;shu;. ,e;j tpuf;jpapy; mtu; jPf;Fspj;jhu;.

ngUk;ghyhd Nkw;Fyf kf;fs; Nrhjplj;ij ek;Gtjpy;iy. mg;gb ek;GfpwtHfSk; mjid xU nghOJ Nghf;F vd;w mbg;gilapNyNa ghHf;fpwhHfs;. Fwpg;ghf jhq;fs; gpwe;j Neuj;jpy; QhapW ve;j ,uhrpapy; epd;wJ (Sun Sign) vd;gijj; njupe;J nfhz;L jq;fsJ MSik (personality) gw;wp mwptjpy; MHtk; fhl;LfpwhHfs;. jpUkzk;> njhopy; njhlq;Fjy;> tPLfl;Ljy;> FbG+uy;> gazk; vd;W tUk;NghJ ,e;jpaHfs; my;yJ jkpoHfs; Nghy; rhjfj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhz;L NrhjplHfsplk; mtHfsplk; miytjpy;iy.

Nrhjplj;ij ek;Gtjpy; kw;w vtiuAk; tpl ,e;Jkjj; jkpoHfNs mjpf MHtk; fhl;LfpwhHfs;. kzg;ngz; - kzkfd; ,UtuJ rhjfg; nghUj;jk; ghuhJ jkpoHfs; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;tijg; ghHf;f KbahJ. ngz;Zf;F Vopy; nrt;tha; Njhrk; ,Ue;jhy; NghJk;. ,d;ndhU Vopy; nrt;tha; cs;s kzkfidj; Njbr; nrUg;Gj; Nja ngz;zpd; jfg;gdhH miyfpwhH. mjw;fpilapy; kzkfspd; mfit fpL fpL vd;W VwptpLk;. gpd;dH jpUkzr; re;ijapy; tpiy Nghfhky; kzkfs; ,Ue;J tpLthH. fhjy; jpUkzq;fs; kl;Lk; ,jw;Fg; Gweilahf ,Uf;fyhk;. fpwpj;Jt jkpoHfs; rhjfg; nghUj;jk; ghHg;gjpy;iy. fpwp;j;Jtk; Nrhjplk; ngha;r; rhj;jpuk; vdf; $WfpwJ.

Nrhjplk; xU mwptpay; vd;W thjpLk; NrhjplHfSf;F Thornhill ,y; trpf;Fk; thdpayhsH xUtH gjpy; ,Wj;Js;shH. mtuJ gjpy; ,q;F ntspahFk; Toronto Star (September 17> 2006) thrfH fbjg; gFjpapy; Astrology not science, not art and not news “Nrhjplk; mwptpay; md;W> fiy md;W> nra;jp md;W”) vd;w jiyg;gpl;L ntspte;jJ. mij vOjpatupd; ngaH Paul Mortfield vd;gjhFk;. me;jf; fbjj;jpd; jkpohf;fj;ij mLj;j ,jopy; ghHg;Nghk;. (tsUk;)

“xU thdpayhsH kw;Wk; fy;tpahsd; vd;wstpy; GSl;Nlh gw;wp Phil Booth vOjpa fl;Liu> Fwpg;ghf Nrhjplk; xU mwptpay; vdr; rpj;jpupf;Fk; Kaw;rp> vd;id Mokhd tUj;jj;jj;ijj; je;Js;sJ. G+j; mtHfs; “Nrhjplk; …. ghjp mwptpay; ghjp fiy” vdr; nrhy;fpwhH. cz;ikapy; mJ ,uz;Lk; md;W. G+j; NrhjplHfspd; nray;ghLfis vz;gpg;gjw;F NrhjplHfs; “xNukhjpupahd ,izj;njhlHG” kw;Wk; “Mapuk; Mz;Lfhyg; gl;lwpTr; rhd;W” (“consistent correlation” and “empirical evidence over the millennia”) vdf; $WfpwhH. Mdhy; ,it Mwptpay; kjpg;gha;Tf;Fj; jhf;Fg; gpbf;fkhl;lhjit MFk;.

G+j; “Nfhs;fs; mtw;iw cUtfg;gLj;Jk; Guhz fijg; ghj;jpuq;fspd; Mw;wiyAk; jpwikiaAk; ngUksT xj;jpUf;fpwJ” vd cq;fis ek;gr; nrhy;fpwhH. mjhtJ ,ylr;rf;fzf;fhd fpNyh kPl;lUf;F mg;ghNy mz;l ntspapy; fhzg;gLk; xU ngupa fw;ghiw my;yJ ngupa thAg; ge;J Mfpatw;Wf;F xU MSik ,Ug;gJ NghyTk; mJ vq;fsJ tho;f;if kPJ nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;JfpwJ vd;W nrhy;fpwhH.

nra;jp vd;gJ xj;Jg; ghHf;fg;gl;l cz;ikfisAk; jfty;fisAk; gpujpgypg;gjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. nra;jpahsHfs; jhq;fs; jahupf;Fk; nra;jp rupjhdh vd;gij cWjp nra;a mjpf Neuj;ijr; nrytpLfpwhHfs;. ,e;j mwk; Nrhjplk; gw;wp vOJk; NghJk; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;lhkh? ehd; gs;spf;$lq;fSf;F tpUe;Jg; Ngr;rhsuhfg; NghFk;NghJ mwptpay; njhlHghd epfo;r;rpfsAk; fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fisAk; jhq;fp mz;ikapy; ntspte;j nra;jpfisg; gbf;FkhW khztHfis Cf;fg;gLj;JNtd;. mg;gbr; nra;a ehd; ,g;NghJ jaq;FfpNwd;. jdJ epWtdj;jpy; xU Nrhjpliu itj;jpUf;Fk; ,e;jr; nra;jpj;jhis vg;gb ek;GtJ? “

,e;jpa Nrhjpl rhj;jpuj;jpd; je;ij vd kfup\p guhruH nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwhH. mtH gpup`j; guhru n`hw rhj;jpuk; vd;w Ehiy vOjpAs;shH. ,tuJ fhyk; fpK 250 Mz;lstpy; ,Uf;fyhk;. nghJNkdp 1200 gf;fq;fs; nfhz;l (,uz;L njhFjpfs;) ,e;j Ehy; ,e;jpa Nrhjpl rhj;jpuj;jpd; Kjy; Ehyhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ.

jpUkzk;> Foe;ijfs;> MAs;gyk;> gpzp> ntspehl;Lr; nryT> ghypay;> tpgj;J Nghd;wit ,jpy; nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ. guhruH vOjpa Ehypy; gpuf];gjp> trpl;lH ,UtiuAk; Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;bAs;shH. Mdhy; ,tHfsJ rhj;jpuk; vOj;JUtk; mile;jjhfj; njupatpy;iy.

,e;jpa Nrhjplj;jpy; rpwg;ghfg; Ngrg;gLk; ,d;ndhU ty;YdH = tuh`kpfpuH (fpgp 505-587) MthH. ,tNu ,e;jpa thdpaypd; je;ij vdg; Nghw;wg;gLfpwhH. ,tH #upaid topgl;l fpof;F ,uhd; ehl;ilg; G+Htpfkhff; nfhz;ltH. ghurPf nkhopapy; tuh` vd;why; gd;wp vd;Wk; kp`pu vd;why; ez;gd; vd;Wk; nghUs;gLk;.

= tuh`kpfpuH thdpay; kw;Wk; fzpjtpaypy; ty;Yduhf tpsq;fpdhH. ,tH c[;[pia (,d;iwa ,uh[;Gj;jhdk;) Mz;l re;jpuFg;j tpf;fpukhjpj;jdpd; muz;kidia myq;fupj;j etuj;jpdq;fspy; xUtH MthH. ,tH gQ;rrpj;jhe;jpfh> gpU`j; [hjf> gpU`j; rk;`pj vd %d;W Kf;fpa Ehy;fis vOjpAs;shH ,jpy; gpU`j; [hjf Nrhjpl EhyhFk;. gQ;r - rpj;jhe;jpfh thdpay; - fzpjtpay; gw;wpa EhyhFk;.

= tuh`kpfpuUf;F Nkw;Fyf cNuhk - fpNuf;f thdpay; gw;wpa mwpT ed;F njupe;jpUe;jJ. gQ;rrpj;jhe;jpfhtpy; fhzg;gLk; ma;e;J gpupTfspy; Gypr rpj;jhe;jpfh kw;Wk; cNuhk rpj;jhe;jpfh KiwNa fpNuf;f – cNuhk Nrhjpl - thdpaiy mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lit MFk;. Nghyprh vd;w fpNuf;f thdpay; -Nrhjpl ty;Ydupd; ngaNu Gypr vd kUtp te;Js;sJ. ,e;jpa NrhjplHfSf;F fpNuf;f cNuhk Nrhjpl rhj;jpuk; njupe;jpUe;jij gQ;rrpj;jhe;jpfh vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

,e;jpa NrhjplHfs; guhruH> tuh`kpfpuH Nghd;NwhH vOjpa Nrhjpl Ehy;fisNa rhjfk; fzpf;f ,d;Wk; gad;gLj;JfpwhHfs;.

,tHfs; fhyj;jpy; fz;zhy; fz;l Nfhs;fs; kw;Wk; tpz;kPd;fNs fzf;fpy; vLf;fg;gl;ld. fz;Zf;Fj; njupahj Mdhy; njhiyNehf;fpahy; ghHf;ff; $ba Nfhs;fisAk; tpz;kPd;fisAk; mtHfs; tpl;Ltpl;lhHfs;.

GSl;Nlh kl;Lky;y rdpf;F mLj;jjhf cs;s neg;jpA+d; kw;Wk; ANud]; (Uranus) Nfhs;fisAk; tpl;Ltpl;lhHfs;.

4) Nfhs;fs; kw;Wk; tpz;kPd;fs; vt;tsT njhiyf;F mg;ghy; ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;gJ njupe;jpUf;ftpy;iy.

6) rpy Nfhs;fs; jkJ Rw;Wg;ghijapy; gpd;Ndhf;fpg; NghtJ (tf;fpuk;) Nghy; njuptjw;fhd fhuzk; njupe;jpUf;ftpy;iy.

Nrhjplj;ijg; gw;wpa ngha;ikiag; Gupe;J nfhs;s mJ vt;thW Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ vd;w tuyhw;iw mwpe;J nfhs;tJ ey;yJ.

ghgpNyhdpaHfNs Nrhjpl rhj;jpuj;jpd; Kd;Ndhbfs; vdf; $wyhk;. mtHfs; tpz;iz mz;zhe;J ghHj;j NghJ fz;Zf;Fj; njupe;j thDlypfs; (Heavenly Bodies) mtHfSf;F tpag;igAk; mr;rj;ijAk; nfhLj;jd. mtw;iw mtjhdpj;jtHfs; rpy thd;nghUs;fs; mirtijAk; Vidait mirahJ xNu ,lj;jpy; ,Ug;gijAk; ftdp;j;jhHfs;. mirAk; thd;nghUs;fSf;F Nfhs; (planet) vdg; ngaupl;ldH. fpNuf;f nkhopapy; planet vd;why; miygtd; vd;W nghUs; MFk;. Nfhs;fspd; Xl;lq;fis mse;jhHfs;. rpy NtfkhfTk; rpy nkJthfTk; efHtijf; ftdpj;jhHfs;. Qhapiw mtHfs; flTs; vd epidj;jhHfs;. gfy;> QhapW vOtNjhL njhlq;fpaJ. ,uT> QhapW gLtNjhL njhlq;fpaJ. ,t;thW nghOJ fpof;fpy; vOjYk; gpd;dH mJ Nkw;fpy; gLjYk; mtHfSf;F Kf;fpa epfo;r;rpahfg; gl;lJ. tpz;zpy; mtHfs; fz;l Nfhs;fs;> tpz;kPd;fs; mr;rj;ij Cl;bajhy; mit nja;tq;fs; Mf topglg;gl;ld. flTs;fs; gilf;fg;gLtjw;F kdpjHfSf;F ,Ue;j gaNk fhuzkhf ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ.

nja;tq;fSf;F cupa fhyj;jpy; G+ir> jpUtpohf;fs; nra;aTk; jhdpaq;fis tpijf;fTk; gpd;dH mtw;iw mupT ntl;lTk; mtHfSf;F xU ehs;fhl;b Njitg;gl;lJ. fpK 1>000 Mz;lstpy; Nfhs;fspd; Xl;lk;> ,Ug;G gw;wpa Nrhjplf; Fwpg;Gf;fs; Njhw;wk; ngw;wd. Nfhs;fisj; nja;tq;fs; vd epidj;jjhy; mtw;Wf;F khHLf; (Marduk) ,];jH (Isthar) NeHfy; (Nergal) vdg; ngaH ,l;lhHfs;. NeHfy; (Mars-nrt;tha;) NghHj; nja;tk; vd;gjhy; Nfhilfhy thdj;jpy; NghHj; nja;tk; NeHfy; xspHe;J nfhz;bUe;jijg; ghHj;J mJNt NghH nra;tjw;F cfe;j fhyk; vdg; Nfhapy; G+rhupfs; epidj;jhHfs;. mNj Nghy; fhjy; flTshd ,];jhH (Venus- nts;sp) Ntdpy; fhyj;jpy; #upad; kiwe;j gpd; Nkw;Nf xspHtijg; ghHj;J mJ fhjy; nra;tjw;F ey;y Ntis vd epidj;jhHfs;.

ggpNyhdpaHfs; xU kdpjd; gpwf;Fk; NghJ tpz;zpy; fhzg;gl;l Nfhs;fs;> ,uhrpfs;> el;rj;jpuq;fs; Mfpatw;wpd; ,Uf;if mtdJ kuzk; tiu Vw;gLk; ed;ik jpd;ikia jPHkhdpf;fpd;wd vd ek;gpdhHfs;. mjhtJ mtdJ jiytpjpiaj; jPHkhdpf;fpwJ vd ek;gpdhHfs;. mjid tl;l tbthd ,uhrpr; rf;fuj;jpy; (Zodiac) gjpj;jhHfs;. fpK 600 mstpy; 6 - 18 ,uhrpfs; nfhz;l ,uhrp rf;fuj;ij cUthf;fptpl;lhHfs;. gpd;dH 12 ,uhrpfs; nfhz;l rf;fuk; epiyj;Jtpl;lJ. me;jr; rf;fuk; xU Foe;ij gpwf;Fk; NghJ thdpy; Nfhs;fs; epd;w epiyfisf; fhl;LfpwJ vd ek;gg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; 12 ,uhrpfspd; vz;zpf;iff;Fk; cUtj;Jf;Fk; mwptpay; mbg;gil vJTk; fpilahJ.

vkf;Fj; njupe;j mz;lj;jpy; (Known Universe) Vwj;jho 36>000 Nfhb ghy;kz;lyq;fs; (Galaxies) ,Uf;fpd;wd vdTk; Xt;nthU ghy; kz;lyj;jpYk; 10>000 - 20>000 Nfhb tpz;kPd;fs; (Stars) fhzg;gLfpd;wd vdTk; thdpayhsHfs; nrhy;fpd;whHfs;! Mdhy; kdpjdJ Cdf; fz;fSf;F RkhH 6>000 el;rj;jpuq;fs; kl;LNk ,utpy; njupfpd;wd! mJTk; mbthdj;Jf;F NkNy cs;s el;rj;jpuq;fs;jhd; fz;Zf;Fj; njupfpd;wd. mbthdj;Jf;Ff; fPNoAs;s el;rj;jpuq;fs; njuptjpy;iy.

,t;tz;lj;jpd; Muk; 35>000>000>000> xsp Mz;Lfs; (336 Nfhb Nfhb fpkP) MFk;. Muj;jpd; ePsj;ij itj;Jf; nfhz;L mz;lj;jpd; tpl;lk;> rw;wsT> Gwg;gug;G Mfpatw;iw ePq;fNs fzf;fplyhk;.

mz;lj;jpd; tbtk; xU ,l;yp tbtj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwjhk;! mjhtJ eLtpy; gUj;Jk; tpspk;gpy; rw;W nkype;Jk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

vkJ QhapW FLk;gk; ,Uf;Fk; ghy;kz;lyk; ghy;top my;yJ ghy; tPjp (Milky Way) vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

,e;jg; ghy;kz;lyk; mjd; ikaj;ij mr;R Mff; nfhz;L Rw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. QhapWk; mjd; Nfhs;fSk; ,e;jg; ghy;kz;lyj;ij Vwj;jho kzpf;F 864>000 fpkP Ntfj;jpy; Rw;wptUfpwJ! ,t;thW xUKiw Rw;wptu 22 Nfhb Mz;Lfs; Mfpd;wd.

,e;j mz;lk; ePsk;> mfyk;> cauk; vd;w %d;W msTfSk; fhyk; vdg;gLk; XH msTk; Mf nkhj;jk; ehd;F mstPLfs; (Four Dimensional Space – Time) nfhz;ljhFk;.

,t;tz;lk; vy;iy my;yJ KbT mw;wJ vd;Nw epA+l;ld; cl;gl ngUk;ghd;ik mwptpayhsHfs; vz;zpdhHfs;. NguwpQH my;aNgl; mapd;];;jPd; (Albert Einstein) mtHfs; kl;Lk; ,e;j mz;lj;jpy; NeHf;NfhL vd;gNj fpilahJ vy;yhk; tl;lq;fNs vd;whH.

,t;tz;lj;Jf;F vy;iy ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W Vd; fUj KbahJ? mg;gb vy;iy cs;sjhff; fUjpdhy; mjw;F mg;ghy; vd;d ,Uf;fpwJ vd;w gaq;fuf; Nfs;tpf;F tpil $w Ntz;b NeupLk;! (tsUk;)

njhlf;f fhy fpNuf;f jj;Jtthjpfs; (JiwrhHe;j ty;YdHfs; vy;NyhUk; jj;Jtthjp (philosopher) vd;w xNu nrhy;yhy; miof;fg;gl;lhHfs;) 48 ghy;kz;lyq;fis (Constellations) milahsk; fz;lhHfs;. mtw;Ws; ngUk;ghd;ikahd ghy; kz;lyq;fSf;F njhykpNa (Ptolemy – fpgp 100-170) ngaH #l;bdhH. gy Ehw;whz;L fhykhf ghy; kz;lyq;fspd; vz;zpf;if $l;bAk; khw;wpAk; tug;gl;lJ. rpy tpLgl;Lg; Nghapd. 1982 Mk; Mz;bNyjhd; gd;dhl;L thdpayhsH fofk; jw;NghJs;s 88 ghy;kz;lyq;fspd; vy;iyia Jy;ypakhf tFj;jJ. ,jpy; Mjp kdpjHfs; fz;L gpbj;j 12 ,uhrpfSk; mlf;fk;.

ggpNyhdpauJ Nrhjplk; Kjypy; fpNuf;fj;Jf;Fk; gpd;dH cNuhKf;Fk; gutpaJ. ggpNyhdpa NrhjplHfs; ry;bad;]; vd miof;fg;gl;lhHfs;. mtHfs; Kf;fpa efuq;fspy; filtpupj;jhHfs;. fpNuf;f jj;Jtthjpfs; Kjypy; Nrhjpl rhj;jpuk; Gul;L vd;whHfs;. fpK 44 ,y; khHf;f]; Jy;ypa]; rprNuh (Marcus Tullius Cicero) Nrhjplj;ijf; fz;bj;J xU Ehy; vOjpdhH. mJ ,d;Wk; gbj;J mwpaf;$ba xd;whFk;.

“,e;jr; NrhjplHfs; gapj;jpaf;fhuHfs;. thdj;jpy; nky;y efUk; Nfhs;fs; kdpjdJ jiytpjpia khw;WfpwJ vd;fpwhHfs;. Mdhy; fhw;wpdhYk; kioapdhYk; mg;gbahd jhf;fk; ,y;iy vd mDkhdpf;fpwhHfs;” vd me;Ehypy; fhzg;gl;l xU thrfk; Nrhjplj;ijg; gykhfr; rhbaJ.

fpwpj;jt kjj;jpd; tUifNahL Nrhjplk; nry;thf;F ,oe;jJ. fhuzk; fpwpj;jtHfs; Gwr; rkaj;Jf;Fk; (Pagan) Gwr;rka flTsHf;Fk; vjpuhf ,Ue;jhHfs;. Nrhjplk; mbg;giapy; rka rhHGilaJ. mjid rka rhHgw;wJ vd kiwf;f Kbatpy;iy.

rpYit Aj;jk; Nrhjplj;ij kPz;Lk; ma;Nuhg;ghTf;F nfhz;Lte;jJ. mJ fpwpj;jtj;NjhL rf tho;T tho;e;J te;jJ.

fpgp 1>600 njhlf;fk; mwptpaypy; vw;gl;l ghupa Kd;Ndw;wk; Nrhjplj;Jf;F ghupa gpd;dilitf; nfhLj;jJ. fpgp 1>900 ntspte;j gpuQ;R nkhop fiyf;fsQ;rpak; Nrhjplk; kiwe;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; xU topghl;L kuT (cult) vdr; rupahf tpgupj;jJ.

Mdhy; KjyhtJ cyfg; Nghupd; gpd;dH Nrhjplk; kPz;Lk; jiynaLj;jJ. gpupj;jhdpaitr; NrHe;j R.H. neapyH (R.H.Naylor) Kjy; Kiwahf ehNsLfspy; ,uhrp gyd; gw;wp vOjj; njhlq;fpdhH. ,d;Wk; gy nra;jp;j;jhs;fs;> rQ;rpiffs;> ,iza jsq;fspy; ,uhrp gyd; ntsptUfpwJ.

,e;j ,uhrp gyd; Nkw;Fyf Nrhjplj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ. #upad; xU Mz;by; gd;dpuz;L ,uhrpfisf; fle;J nry;fpwJ vd;gijg; ghHj;Njhk;. xU Foe;ij gpwf;Fk; NghJ #upad; gd;dpuz;L ,uhrpapy; VNjh xU ,uhrpapy; rQ;rupf;fpwJ. ,t;thW #upad; rQ;rupj;j ,uhrp #upa yf;fpdk; (Sun Sign) vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jpa Nrhjplj;jpy; #upaDf;F> re;jpud; kw;Wk; el;rj;jpuq;fSf;F mLj;Nj Kf;fpak; nfhLf;fg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; Nkw;Fyf Nrhjplj;jpy; gpwg;gpd; NghJ #upad; epd;w ,uhrpf;Nf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fg;gLfpwJ. mjid mLj;Nj re;jpud; epd;w ,uhrpf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fg;gLfpwJ. el;rj;jpuq;fSf;F Nkw;Fyf Nrhjplj;jpy; ,lk; ,y;iy.

cyfpy; ,d;W 600 Nfhb kf;fs; tho;fpwhHfs;. vdNt nghJNkdp 50 Nfhb kf;fs; xNu ,uhrpapy; gpwe;jtHfshf ,Ug;ghHfs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf khHr;R 21 – Vg;upy; 20 tiu (,e;jpa Nrhjplk; Vg;upy; 14 – Nk 14 tiu) 50 Nfhb kf;fs; Nkl ,uhrpapy; gpwe;jpUg;ghHfs;. ,j;jid Nfhbkf;fSf;Fr; NrhjplHfs; nrhy;Yfpd;w ,uhrp gyd; vg;gb rupahf ,Uf;f KbAk;?

Mdhy; (%l) ek;gpf;if fhuzkhf ,uhrp gyidg; gbg;gtHfs; mJ rupahf ,Uf;fpwJ vd epidf;fpwhHfs;.

,jpy; cs;s Kuz;ghl;L nka;ik my;yJ Ntbf;if vd;dntd;why; kf;fs; mwpahikapYk; %lek;gpf;ifapYk; %o;fpf;fple;j ,ilf;fhyj;jpy; my;yhJ 20 Mk; Ehw;whz;by; Nfhs;fs; thDiwAk; nja;tq;fs; my;y mit ehk; thOk; Gtp Nghd;w xd;Nw vd;w mbg;gil thdpay; cz;ik njupe;jpUe;Jk; Nrhjplk; Nkw;Fyfpy; nry;thf;NfhL tpsq;FtNj!

mwptpay; vd;gJ mwptpayhsHfs; jdpahfTk; FOthfTk; ePz;l fhyk; xU nghUisNah epfo;itNah $He;J mtjhdpj;J Kiwg;gb MA;T nra;J ek;gj;jFe;j> Kuz;glhj> tpjpf;fl;Lg;ghLs;s xU Nfhl;ghl;;il (theory) my;yJ tpjpiag; ngUk;ghYk; fzpj mbg;gilapy; cUthf;FtjhFk;. $He;J mtjhdpj;jy; vd;gJ xU nghUisNah my;yJ epfo;r;rpiaNah tpUg;G ntWg;gpd;wpj; jpwe;j kdj;NjhL Mo;e;J ghHj;J VJf;fspd; mbg;gilapy; kl;Lk; KbT vLg;gjhFk;. mg;gbahd mwptpay; Kiwik ma;e;J gbfisf; nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;Fk;.

1) xU epfo;it my;yJ epfo;Tfisf; $He;J mtjhdpj;Jg; ngwg;gLk; juTfisj; jpUj;jj;NjhLk; (accuracy) nka;ikNahLk; (objectivity) mstpay; mbg;gilNahLk; (logical) tiug;gLj;jy;.

ghgpNyhdpaiug; gpd;gw;wp fpNuf;fHfs; ,uhrp rf;fuj;ij itj;Jf; nfhz;L rhjfk; vOjj; njhlq;fpdhHfs;. Kjypy; murHfSf;Fk; gpuGf;fSf;Fk; vOjg;gl;l rhjfk; gpd;dH nghJ kf;fSf;Fk; vOjg;gl;ld.

njhykp vd;w fpNuf;fHjhd; Kjd; Kjyhf Nrhjplk; gw;wp tpupthf vOjpdhH. ,tH vojpa Almagest vd;w Nrhjpl EhNy Nkw;Fyf NrhjplHfspd; ‘iggps;’ MFk;.

Nrhjplk; gw;wp vOjpa njhykp thdpay; gw;wpAk; vOjpdhH. mtH vOjpa Ehypd; ngaH Tetrabiblos vd;gjhFk;. ,tH fhyj;jpNyNa Nrhjplj;jpy; ,Ue;J thdpay; jdp ,ayhfj; Njhw;wk; nfhs;sj; njhlq;fpaJ. Ke;EhW Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH - A+Nudpa]; kw;Wk; neg;jpA+d; fz;L gpbf;fg;gl;l gpd;dH - NrhjplKk; thdpaYk; Kw;whfg; gpupe;J jdptop Ngha;tpl;ld.

NrhjplHfs;> xU Foe;ij gpwe;j Neuj;jpy; ,g; Gtpiar; Rw;wpf; fpof;Fk; Nkw;Fkhf NkYk; fPOkhf thd tPjpapy; -

(m) glHe;Js;s ,uhrpr; rf;fuj;jpd; (Zodiac Signs) ,UGwKk; NkYk; fPOk; 6 ghiff;Fs; fhzg;gLk; 12 ,uhrp kz;lyq;fs; (tpz;kPd; $l;lq;fs;)

(M) 360 ghif nfhz;l ,uhrpr; rf;fuj;ij xt;nthd;Wk; 30 ghif nfhz;l 12 $Wfshfg; gpupj;J tUk; 12 ,uhrp tPLfs;.

Mfpatw;wpd; jhf;fk; me;jf; Foe;ijapd; jiytpjpiaj; jPHkhdpg;gjhfr; nrhy;fpwhHfs;. Mdhy; me;jj; jhf;fk; my;yJ Mw;wy; vJ vd;gij NrhjplHfs; nrhy;tjpy;iy.

Gtp Nkw;Ff; fpof;fhfr; Rw;WfpwJ. ,jdhy; el;rj;jpu kz;lyq;fs; fpof;F Nkw;fhfj; Njhd;wp kiwfpd;wd. ,J ntWk; GyZHT my;yJ Gyf;fhl;rpNa. cz;ikapy; el;rj;jpu kz;lq;fs; fpof;F mbthdpy; vOtjpy;iy.

,jpy; Ntbf;if vd;dntd;why; Gtpapd; 66.5 ghiff;F tlf;F my;yJ njw;F jpirfspy; gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijfSf;F rhjfk; fzpf;f KbahJ. fhuzk; mq;F mbthdj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,uhrpfs;> #upad; cjakhtjpy;iy!

xU Foe;ij gpwf;Fk; NghJ xU Foe;ij kPJ gbAk; Gtp <Hg;G tpir Vida Nfhs;fs; el;rj;jpuq;fNshL xg;gpLk; NghJ gj;J ,yl;rk; mjpfkhdJ. mNj Nghy; jha; my;yJ me;jf; Foe;ij gpwe;j kUj;Jtkid ntspg;gLj;Jk; <Hg;G tpir thd; clypfis tpl mjpfkhdJ.

gUg;nghUisg; (matter) gilf;fTk; KbahJ mopf;fTk; KbahJ vd;gJ ,aw;gpay; tpjp. gUg;nghUis Mw;wyhfTk; Mw;wiyg; gUg;nghUshfTk; khw;w KbAk; Mdhy;> mopf;f KbahJ. mjid mwptpayhsH ma;d;];jPd; jdJ E=mc² vd;w rkd;ghL %yk; vz;gpj;Jf; fhl;bdhH. .

gUg;nghUs; NghyNt ,aw;ifapy; ehy; tif mbg;gil tpirfs; kl;LNk tpz;ntspapy; ,Ue;J fpilf;fpd;wd. mitahtd ty;tpir (Strong force) kpd;fhe;j tpir (Electromagnetic force) nkd; tpir (Weak force) <Hg;G tpir (Gravitational force) vd;gdthFk;. ,tw;Wf;F Nkyhf nja;tPf Mw;wy; ,y;iy vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

mYkpdpaj;jpy; mZf;fs; mt;tsT neUf;fkhf ,y;iy - fhuzk; nkd; tpir vd;fpwhHfs;. mNj Neuk; ,Uk;Gf; Fz;by; mZf;fs; kpfTk; neUf;fkhf ,ize;jpUg;gjhy; mJ fdkhfj; Njhd;WfpwJ. mt;thW mZf;fs; neUf;fkhf ,ize;jpUg;gij ty;tpir vd;fpNwhk;.

,e;j mbg;gil tpir gw;wpa mwpT NrhjplHfSf;F mwNt fpilahJ. Foe;ij gpwf;Fk; NghJ VNjh xU jhf;fk; my;yJ Mw;wy; me;jf; Foe;ij kPJ gbfpwJ vd;W kl;Lk; fpspg;gps;is nrhd;d khjpupr; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwhHfs;.

,jid kf;fs; ek;GtJjhd; tpag;ghf ,Uf;fpwJ. mjw;nfhU fhuzk; ek;GtJ vspjhdJ. rpe;jpg;gJ fbdkhdJ. gps;isahH ghy; Fbf;fpwhH vd;W Nfl;lTlNdNa kf;fs; mij .,Nyrpy; ek;gp tpLfpwhHfs;. fy;Yg; gps;isahH vg;gbg; ghiyf; Fbf;f KbAk; vd;W mtHfs; rpe;jpj;Jg; ghHg;gjpy;iy. mg;gbr; rpe;jpg;gJ fbdkhd fhupak;. vdNt tpl;L tpLfpwhHfs;. (tsUk;)

Vwj;jho ,uz;lhapuk; Mz;Lfshf mz;lk; gw;wp mup];Njhl;ly; (Aristotle) gpshl;Nlh (Plato) njhykp (Ptolemy) KjypNahH vOjp itj;j Nfhl;ghLfis NfhngHdpf;f]; (Copernicus) nfg;yH (Kepler) fypypNah fypyp (Galileo Galilei) ma;rf; epA+l;ld; (Isasac Newton) Nghd;w thdpayhsHfs; jiyfPohf khw;wp mikj;jhHfs;! Fwpg;ghff; NfhngHdpf;f]; mz;lj;jpd; ikaj;jpy; ,Ue;j Gtpia vLj;Jtpl;L me;j ,lj;jpy; Qhapiw itj;jNghJ fpwpj;jt kjj;jpd; mbj;jsNk Ml;lk; fz;lJ. fpwpj;jt kjFUkhHfs; gijj;Jg; NghdhHfs;! vd;d nra;tnjd;Nw mtHfSf;F tpsq;ftpy;iy!

,aw;gpayhsH my;Ngl; mapd;];jPdpd; nghJ rhHGf; Nfhl;ghL (General Theory of Relativity) ,aw;gpaypy; Gul;rpfu khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ. mz;lj;jpy; Mff;$ba Ntfk; xspapd; Ntfj;ij tpQ;r KbahJ> gUg;nghUSk; Mw;wYk; kjpg;gpy; xg;ghdit> xd;W kw;nwhd;whf khwf; $bait vd;w mtuJ fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fs; ,aw;gpay; tuyhw;wpy; xU Gjpa jpUg;G Kidia Vw;gLj;jp ,aw;ifapd; rpf;fyhd Kbr;Rf;fis mtpo;f;f cjtpaJ.

NrhjplHfs; xU Foe;ij gpwe;j Neuj;jpy; QhapW> re;jpud;> Nfhs;fs; ,Ue;j ,Uf;iff;Nf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fpwhHfs;. Mdhy; gpwg;ngd;gJ xU fzNeuj;jpy; elg;gjy;y. xU Foe;ij xU fz Neuj;jpy; gpwf;f KbahJ. mJ ePz;l Neuk; vLf;Fk;.

kUj;Jtr;rp xU Foe;ij gpwe;j Neuj;ij xU jhspy; Fwpg;gjhy; mJNt gpwe;j Neukhfptpl KbahJ. gpwg;G ePz;l Neuk; ePbf;Fk; epfo;thFk;.

xU Foe;ij gpwe;j Neuk; vJ? mJ fUtpy; cUthd Neukh? gpwf;Fk; NghJ jiy my;yJ fhy; Gtpapy; njhl;l Neukh? njhg;Gs; nfhb mWf;fg;gl;l Neukh? gd;dPHf;Flk; cile;j Neukh? Foe;ij Kjy; %r;Rtpl;l Neukh? Foe;ijapd; Kjy; “Fth Fth” mOifr; rj;jk; Nfl;l Neukh? my;yJ kUj;Jtpr;rp kzpf;$l;ilg; ghHj;J Neuj;ijf; Fwpj;j Neukh? ,jpy; ve;j Neuk; rupahd Neuk;? ,jpy; NrhjplHfspilNa xj;j fUj;J ,y;iy.

xU Foe;ijapd; gpwg;G jha; fUf;nfhs;tNjhL (conception) njhlq;FfpwJ. mJ fUtiwapy; ,Uf;Fk; NghNj mjd; Fzhk;rq;fs; epr;rapf;fg;gLfpwJ.

,g;Nghnjy;yhk; Foe;ijapd; gpwg;ig xU Fwpg;gpl;l ehSf;F Kd;dNuh gpd;dNuh js;spg; Nghl KbAk;. ,uz;L kzpj;jpahyj;Jf;F xU ,uhrp khwpf;nfhz;L ,Ug;gjhy; xU ,uhrpapy; gpwf;f Ntz;ba Foe;ijia nraw;ifahf ,d;ndhU ,uhrpapay; gpwf;f itj;Jtpl;lhy; mjd; jiytpjp khwptpLkh? Cdj;NjhL gpwf;f Ntz;ba xU Foe;ijapd; gpwg;G Neuj;ij khw;Wtjd; %yk; Cdj;ij ,y;yhJ nra;J tpl KbAkh?

xU kUj;Jtkidapy; ,uz;L %d;W kzpj;Jsp NtWghl;by; gpwe;j ,ul;ilf; Foe;ijfspd; rhjf gyd; xd;whf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mtHfsJ fy;tp> nry;tk;> njhopy;> cly; eyk;> jpUkzk; Nghd;wit xNukhjpup ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; mt;thW ,Ug;gjpy;iy. mjw;fhd rhj;jpaKk; ,y;iy.

,uhrpr; rf;fuk; vdr; NrhjplHfs; $WtJ #upad; nry;Ykhg; Nghy; vq;fs; fz;Zf;Fj; Njhd;Wk; Gyf;fhl;rpahFk;. cz;ikapy; mJ ehk; thOk; G+kp #upaidr; Rw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ghijahFk;.

gd;dpuz;L ,uhrpfSf;Fk; Nklk; Kjy; kPdk; <whf 12 cUtq;fs; fw;gpj;J mjw;Fupa Fzhk;rq;fis kdpjNd tpjpf;fl;bd;wp (arbitrary) vOjp itj;Js;shd;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf Nkl ,uhrp; Mlhf (fplh) cUtfg;gLj;jg; gl;L Ml;Lf;Fs;s Fzkhd JzpT> typar; rz;ilf;Fg; Nghjy; Nghd;w Fzhk;rq;fs; khNlw;wg;gl;Ls;sd. mNj Neuk; ,lg ,uhrp ,lgkhf (vUJ) cUtfg;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;sJ. mg;gb vd;why; Ml;bd; Fzj;Jf;Fk; khl;bd; Fzj;Jf;Fk; ,ilapy; fhzg;gLk; NtWghL vd;d? my;yJ el;Ltf;fhypf;Fk; (tpUr;rpf ,uhrp) ez;Lf;Fk; (flf ,uhrp) cs;s Ntw;Wik vd;d? ,e;j el;rj;jpuf; $l;lq;fSf;F (,uhrpfs;) Nkir> fjpiu vd;W ngaH itj;jpUe;jhy; me;j ,uz;Lf;Fk; cs;s Ntw;Wik vd;d?

,uhrpfSf;f kl;Lky;y Nfhs;fSf;Fk; gz;ilafhy kdpjHfs; tpahoDf;F nrt;tha; vd;W ngaH itj;jpUf;fyhk;. mwptpay; mJ gw;wp myl;bf;nfhs;shJ. Mdhy; NrhjplHfsJ gyd; gpioj;JtpLk;. fhuzk; me;jg; gyd; Nfhspd; ngaiu kl;LNk itj;Jr; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ. me;j Nfhspd; ,aw;gpay; gz;Gfspd; (physical properties) mbg;gilapy; nrhy;yg;gLtjpy;iy.

gj;J> EhW> Mapuk; xsp Mz;LfSf;F mg;ghy; cs;s el;rj;jpuf; $l;lq;fis kdk;Nghd Nghf;fpy; xd;NwhL xd;W tpjpf;fl;Lghbd;wp njhLj;J mtw;Wf;Fg; ngaH ,l;lJ nraw;if MFk;. me;jg; ngaHfSk; mtw;wpd; tbtj;ijf; nfhz;L ,l;l ngaHfshFk;. rpy ,uhrpfspd; njhiyT fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. xU xsp Mz;L vd;gJ xsp tpdhbf;F 300>000 fpkP Ntfj;jpy; XH Mz;L gazpf;Fk; njhiythFk;. vdNt xsp XH Mz;by; 9>500>000>000>000 fpkP (9.5 jpupy;ypad fpkP;)

**Qhapwpy; ,Ue;J ,uhrpfspd; njhiyT**
	,uhrp	Sign	Star	xsp Mz;Lfs;
QhapW	kpJdk;	Gemini	Pollux	33.7
QhapW	kpJdk;	Gemini	Castor	51.6
QhapW	,lgk;	Taurus	Aldbaran	65.2
QhapW	rpk;kk;	Leo	Regulus	77.6
QhapW	fd;dp	Virgo	Spica	263
QhapW	,lgk;	Taurus	Pleiades	385
QhapW	tpUr;rpfk;	Scorpius	Antares	604

xsp xU tpdhbf;F 300>000 fpkP Ntfj;jpy; nryT nra;fpwJ vd;gJ njupe;jNj. ,jd; mbg;gilapy; xsp re;jpud; QhapW Mfpatw;wpy; ,Ue;J Gtpf;F te;J Nru vLf;Fk; NeuKk;; Qhapwpy; ,Ue;J Nfhs;fSf;Fk; tpz;kPd;fSf;Fk; Nru vLf;Fk; NeuKk; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

el;Ltf;fhyp Nghy; njupe;j el;rj;jpuf; $l;lj;Jf;F tpUr;rpfk; (Scorpio) vdg; ngaupl;L el;Ltf;fhypf;F ,Uf;Fk; Fzhk;rq;fis me;j ,uhrpf;Fk; khNlw;wp tpl;lhHfs;. ,jdhy;jhd; tpUr;rpf

,uhrpapy; gpwe;jtHfs; el;Ltf;fhypNghy; kw;wtHfisf; nfhl;LthHfs;> rpq;f ,uhrpapy; gpwe;jtHfs; rpq;fj;ijg; Nghy; %Hf;f Fzk; cilatHfshf ,Ug;ghHfs; vd vOjp itj;J tpl;lhHfs;. ,e;j ,uhrp cUtq;fs; nraw;ifahdJ. ,uhrpfSk; mtw;Wf;Fupa cUtq;fSk; gpd;tUkhW.

**,uhrpfsk; mtw;Wf;Fupa cUtq;fSk;**
,uhrp	Sign	cUtk;
Nklk;	Aries	ML
,lgk;	Taurus	vUJ
kpJdk;	Gemini	Mz; ngz;
flfk;	Cancer	ez;L
rpk;kk	Leo	rpq;fk;
fd;dp	Virgo	ngz;
Jyhk;	Libra	juhR
tpUr;rpfsk;	Scorpio	el;Ltf;fhyp
jDR	Sagittarius	tpy;
kfuk;	Capricorn	flw;Fjpiu
Fk;gk;	Acquarius	Flk;
kPdk;	Pisces	,ul;il kPd;

Mjp kdpjd; tpz;zpy; QhapW nry;Yk; ghijia (,uhrp tl;lj;ij) mz;zhe;J ghHj;j NghJ rpy tpz;kPd; njhFjpfs; my;yJ $l;lq;fs; mtdJ fz;fSf;F Nklk; (ML) ,lgk; (vUJ) kpJdk; (Mz; ngz; cUtk;) flfk; (ez;L) rpk;kk; (rpq;fk;) fd;dp (ngz;) Jyhk; ( juhR) tpUr;rpfk; (el;Ltf;fhyp) jDR (tpy;) kfuk; (flw;Fjpiu) Fk;gk; (Flk;) kPdk; (,ul;ilkPd;) Nghd;W fhl;rpaspj;jd.

vdNt ,uhrpfs; vd;gJ thd tPjpapy; kdpjd; jd; Cdf; fz;zhy; ghHj;j tpz;kPd; njhFjpfSf;F mtd; nfhLj;j fw;gid cUthFk;. fpNuf;fnkhopapy; Zodiac vd;w nrhy;Yf;F tpyq;Ffs; vd;gJ nghUshFk;.

,jdhy;jhd; ,e;jpaHfsJ fz;Zf;F ,lgkhfTk; tpUr;rpfkhfTk; (el;Ltf;fhyp) Njhd;wpa ,uhrpfs; rPdHfsJ fz;Zf;F KiwNa vypahfTk; ghk;ghfTk; Njhd;wpapUf;fpwJ! (tsUk;)

Nrhjplk; rhj;jpug; Nga;fs; nrhy;Yk; ngha;! vd;Dk; njhliu gugug;G N[Hdypy; vOj vz;zpa NghJ mjw;F vj;jifa tuNtw;Gg; Gyk; ngaHe;j thrfHfsplk; ,Uf;Fk; vd;w ma;ak; vd; kdpy; xU %iyapy; ,Ue;jJ. ,J Nghd;w njhliu (Nrhjplg; Gul;L) %d;W Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH fdlhtpy; ,Ue;J ntsptUk; Kof;fk; Vl;by; 72 fpoikfs; njhlHe;J vOjpNdd;.

Nrhjplg; Gul;il vOJtjw;Fj; Jhz;LNfhyhf ,Ue;jJ ,e;jpahtpy; 2003 Mk; Mz;L cyff; fpz;zj;Jf;F ele;j Kj;jug;Gj; JLg;ghl;lg; Nghl;bahFk;. mJ gw;wp te;j nra;jpapy; ,e;j Kiw ,e;jpahjhd; ntw;wpthif #Lk; vdg; gy NrhjplHfs; vjpHT$wy; (M&lk;) $wpapUe;jhHfs;. ,e;jr; NrhjplHfspy; rpyH gpugy NrhjplH neh];ulhikf; (Nostradamus) Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;b mtH #rfkhf cyff; fpz;z Nfhg;igia ,e;jpahjhd; ifg;gw;Wk; vdf; $wpdhHfs;.

,e;j neh];ulhk; (fpgp 1503-1566) A+j ,dj;jtH. njd; gpuhd;]; ehl;bd; Saint Remi vd;w khfhzj;jpy; gpwe;jtH. mtuJ ,aw;ngaH Michel de Nostredame vd;gjhFk;. mjid ,yj;jPd; nkhopapy; Nostradamus vd khw;wp itj;Jf; nfhz;lhH. rkatprhuiz (Inquisition) vd;w jz;lidf;Fg; gae;J neh];ulhk; FLk;gk; fj;Njhypf;f kjj;Jf;F khwpf; nfhz;lJ. neh];ulhk; 16 Mk; Ehw;whz;L njhlf;fk; cyfk; KbAk;tiu eilngwg; Nghfpw epfo;r;rpfis ftpij tbtpy; (Quatrains) vJif NkhidNahL vOjpdhH. mtH ifahz;l eil G+lfkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw ,yj;jPd;> fpNuf;fk;> ,j;jhyp nkhopr; nrhw;fisg; GFj;jp vOjpdhH. kaq;f itf;FkhW nrhw;fisAk; nrhw;fspd; vOj;Jf;fisAk; khw;wp vOjpdhH. cyfk; fpgp 3>797 Mk; Mz;L KbTf;F te;JtpLk; vd;gJ mtuJ vjpHT$wy; MFk;.

JLg;ghl;lk; Njhd;whj fhyj;jpy; 2003 Mk; Mz;L cyff; fpz;zj;Jf;F ele;j Kj;jug;Gg; Nghl;bapy; ,e;jpah nty;Yk; vd;W xUtH vg;gb vjpHT$wp ,Uf;f KbAk; mg;gb ,Uf;f tha;g;gpy;iy vd vdJ gFj;jwpT nrhy;ypaJ. vdNt Nrhjplk; xU Nghyp mwptpay; vd;w vz;zk; vdf;F Vw;fdNt ,Ue;j fhuzj;jhy; mjid kWj;J vOjpNdd;. ehd;F ma;e;J fpoikNahL Kbj;J tplyhk; vd Kjypy; epidj;Njd;. Mdhy; thdpay;> rhjfk;> fhz;lk;> vz;rhj;jpuk; vd mJ tpupe;J nfhz;Nl Nghapw;W.

Ntbf;if vd;dntd;why; ,e;jpah nty;Yk; vd;W vjpHT $wy; $wpa gpugy NrhjplHfs; vy;NyhUk; kz; ft;tpdhHfs;! ,e;jpah Kj;jug;Gg; Nghl;bapy; Njhw;Wtpl;lJ!

me;jf; fl;Liuj; njhlH nrk;ikg;gLj;jg; gl;L Nrhjplg; Gul;L vd;w ngaupy; ,g;NghJ Ehy; tbtpy; ntspte;Js;sJ.

“fzpaj;ij ef;fPud; ngha; vd;W nrhy;tjhy; ahUk; rpdk; milaj; Ntz;bajpy;iy….. Vndd;why; ngha;ia ePq;fs; fzpak; vd;W nrhy;tjhy; mtH rpdk; mile;jpUf;fpwhH. ehd; ef;fPud; gf;fNk!

mtH gilg;G mwpahikf;Fj; jPapLk; mdy; gpok;G rPHjpUj;jg; Gaypd; rPw;wk;. cz;ikapd; Fuy;.”

Nrhjplg; Gul;L Ehiy jkpo;ehL ngupahH jpuhtplf; fofk; gjpg;gpj;J ,e;j Mz;L ntspapl;Ls;sJ. ftpQH mwpTkjp mjid ntspapl;L itj;jhH.

Ehiy vOjp Kbj;j gpd;dUk; Nrhjplk;> thdpay; gw;wp Neuk; fpilf;Fk; Nghnjy;yhk; gbj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;.

,g;NghJ gugug;G N[Hzy; thrfHfSf;F Vw;wthW rw;W khWgl;l Nfhzj;jpy; Nrhjplk; gw;wp vOjpf; nfhz;bUf;fpNwd;.

njhlf;fj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghy; vd;id murpay;> ,yf;fpak; njhlHghf vOJk; vOj;jhsd; vd;Nw gyH vz;zpf; nfhz;L ,Ug;gjhy; jkpo;r; FKfhaj;jpy; GiuNahbg; Ngha;tpl;l xU %lg; gof;fj;ij kWj;J vOJtij gugug;G thrfHfs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;thHfsh? vd;w jaf;fk; Kjypy; ,Ue;jJ. me;jj; jaf;fj;ij gugug;G MrpupaH up\p Nghf;fptpl;lhH. njhiyNgrpapy; vd;id mioj;j mtH “cq;fs; fl;Liuj; njhlUf;F Vfg;gl;l ghuhl;Lf;fs; ma;Nuhg;gh thrfHfsplk; ,Ue;J te;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ” vd;w ey;y nra;jpiag; gugug;NghL nrhd;dhH. me;jr; nra;jp vdf;F kl;lw;w kfpo;r;rpia mspj;jJ. <d;wnghOJ ,Ue;j ctifiatpl ngw;w gps;is rhd;Nwhd; (fy;tpapy; ty;ytd;) vdf; Nfl;l jha;f;F mjpf ctif ,Uf;Fkhk;. mJ Nghy vOJtijtpl vOj;ij kw;wtHfs; ghuhl;Lk; NghJjhd; $Ljy; kfpo;r;rp gpwf;fpwJ.

fdlhtpy; fle;j rpy khjq;fshf gy Nrhjpl rh];jpupfs;> Nrhjpl rpfhkzpfs;> Nrhjpl gz;bjHfs;> Nrhjpl gfthd;fs;> Nrhjpl rf;futHj;jpfs;> Nrhjpl Rthkpfs; $lhuk; mbj;J fil tpupj;Js;shHfs;. filfSf;F Xk; rf;jp N[hjplyhak;> = gj;jpufhspfhk;ghs; N[hjpl rhiy> Xk; Kj;Jkhup mk;kd; N[hjplyhak;> Xk; = JHf;fhNjtp N[hjplhyak; vd ey;y ftHr;rpahd ngaHfs; itj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;.

,jpy; gz;bjH rhkp gpufh\; uht; n[Hkdp> gpuhd;];> ,j;jhyp> nejHyhe;J> NehHNt> nlk;khHf;> Rtp];> ,q;fpyhe;J> mT];jpNuypah> epA+rpyhe;J> rpq;fg;G+H> jha;yhe;J Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; gpurpj;jp ngw;wtuhk;!

NrhjplHfsJ tpsk;guq;fs; ,q;Fs;s nra;jpj;jhs;fs;> thndhyp> njhiyf;fhl;rp Nghd;wtw;wpy; ml;lfhrkhf ntsptUfpd;wd.

ifNuif> Kfehb %yk; Jy;ypakhf ele;jit> elg;git> elf;fg; Nghfpd;wit gw;wp tpgukhff; $wg;gLk;. MAs; G+ir> yl;Rkp flhr;r G+ir> njhopy;> tpahghuk;> yl;RkPfu tplakhd nghUj;jk;> tpthfg; nghUj;jk;> thfd kidg; nghUj;jq;fs;> gps;isfspd; gbg;G> fhjy; tptfhuk;> ngz;gps;isfs; FLk;g xw;Wik (?) fztd; kidtp xw;Wikapd;ik> Nfhl; tof;F> cly; eykpd;ik> Ntiytha;g;G> Nghd;wtw;wpw;F gupfhuk;> xd;W$Ljy;> vjpupfspdhy; ke;jpuk;> #dpak;> Nga;> gprhR> Vty;> nra;tpid> fz;jpU\;b Nghd;wtw;wpw;fhd gupfhuq;fs;> ,tw;Wld; ifNuif> [hjff; Fwpg;igf; nfhz;L vjpHfhyg; gyhgyd;fisj; njuptpj;jy;> gupfhuk; nra;jy; vd;gd ,tHfs; tpw;gidg; gLj;Jk; ruf;FfshFk;!

Vwf;Fiwa kdpjHfs; vjpHnfhs;Sk; rfy rpf;fy;fisAk; ,tHfs; jPHj;J itg;ghHfshk;! jPHj;J itf;f Kbahj rpf;fy; vJTk; ,y;iy.

,tHfs; jq;fsJ Bio-Data itAk; nfhLf;fj; jtWtjpy;iy. “,e;jpahtpy; gy re;jjpfshf rhj;jpuk; $Wk; FLk;gj;jpy; gpwe;jtH. gy ebfHfSf;Fk; mikr;rHfSf;Fk; gyd;fisf; fzpj;Jf; $wpAs;shH. ePq;fs; NtW N[hjplHfsplk; ghHj;jpUf;fyhk; ,tiuAk; xUKiw ghUq;fs;. mk;ghspd; jpUtUs; JizAld; ifNuif Nrhjplk;> kNehjj;Jtk; Mfpatw;wpy; cs;s gyhgyd;fis rhj;jpuuPjpahfj; jd;Dilia jpwikiag; gad;gLj;jp cq;fSila ,we;jfhy> epfo;fhy> vjpHfhyq;fis rupahff; fzp;j;J cq;fSf;F $WthH.”

,e;jr; NrhjplHfs; jq;fs; tPug;gpujhgq;fis tpdk;gug;gLj;j rpth[p fNzrd; Nghd;w gpugy ebfHfSld; vLj;j Gifg;glj;ijAk; NghLfpwhHfs;.

,t;tsT jpwik gilj;j ,e;jr; NrhjplHfshy; jq;fsJ jpwikahy;> Kj;Jkhup mk;kd; mUshy; Kf;fhyj;ijAk; mse;J jPHj;J itf;f KbAnkd;gJ cz;ikahdhy; Kjypy; ,tHfs; jq;fs; tho;f;ifr; rpf;fy;fis Vd; jPHj;J itf;f Kaytpy;iy? ,e;jpahtpy; thOk; kf;fsJ Vo;ikia> fy;yhikiag; Kjypy; Vd; Nghf;ftpy;iy? fdlh Nghd;w ciwgdp nga;Ak; ehl;Lf;F Vd; gilnaLf;f Ntz;Lk;? gpiog;gjw;F ehL ehlhf Vd; Ngaha; miya Ntz;Lk;?

fdlhtpy; Nga; (kdpjg; Nga;fisr; nrhy;ytpy;iy) gprhR ,Ug;gjhf ahH mtHfSf;Fr; nrhd;dJ? mnjy;yhk; me;jf; fhyj;jpy; CHfs; ,Ul;by; %o;fpf; fple;j NghJjhd; gps;isfs; jpd;Dk; Giof;fil Kdp> nfhs;sptha;g; Nga;> Fwisg; Nga;> fhl;Nlup cyh te;jd? nts;isad; fz;L gpbj;j kpd;rhuk; te;j gpd;dH ,e;jg; Nga;fs; vy;yhk; Xbg;Ngha; tpl;ldNt!

NrhjplHfs; kdpjHfsplk; kype;J fhzg;gLk; %lek;gpf;iffis jq;fsJ gpiog;Gf;F %yjdkhfg; gad;gLj;JfpwhHfs;.

kdpjd; jpq;fspy; fhy; gjpj;J 38 Mz;Lfs; fope;J tpl;ld. nrt;tha;> Gjd;> tpahod;> rdp Nghd;w Nfhs;fis Muha tpz;fyq;fs; Vtg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. mLj;J nrt;thapy; kdpjid ,wf;f ehrh jpl;lkpl;L tUfpwJ. Gtpapy; cs;s kf;fs;njhif rpf;fiyr; rkhspf;f jpq;fspy; kdpjHfis FbNaw;Wk; jpl;lk; $l Muhag;gl;L tUfpwJ. Mdhy; jkpod; kl;Lk; ,d;Dk; Nrhjplk;> fhz;lk;> ifNuif> mUs;thf;Fr; nrhy;yp Ciu Vkhw;wp tapW tsHr;Fk; Nrhk;Ngwpf; $l;lj;ijj; Njb Xbf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;.

xU Foe;ij ey;y ,yf;fpdj;jpy; ey;y ,uhrpapy; ey;y el;rj;jpuj;jpy; gpwe;jhy; mf; Foe;ijapd; tho;T rpwg;ghf mikAk; vd;Wk; mt;thW my;yhJ nfl;l ,yf;fpdj;jpy;> nfl;l ,uhrpapy;> nfl;l el;rj;jpuj;jpy; gpwe;jhy; tho;T rpwg;ghf mikahJ vd;Wk; ve;j tpjpf;fl;bd;wp (arbitrary) mDkhdj;jpy; fz;L gpbf;fg;gl;lJjhd; Nrhjplk; MFk;.

,ilf; fhyj;jpy; jkpofj;ij Mz;l kd;dHfspd; muz;kidapy; ,uhrFUthf ,Ue;j NrhjplHfs; rhjfj;ijf; fhl;b murUf;F Njhrk; ,Uf;fpwJ murpahHf;F Nga; gpbj;jpUf;fpwJ mtw;iw ePf;f ahfk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; GNuhfpjHfSf;Fj; jhdk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wpf; fUT+yj;ij nfhs;isabj;jhHfs;. nghd;jhdk; Nfhjhdk; G+jhdk; nfhLj;j Nru> Nrho> ghz;ba tk;rq;fs; 13 Mk; Ehw;whz;NlhL kiwe;J Nghapd!

fdba jkpoHfspd; gytPdq;fisg; gzkhf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; jkpo;ehl;by; ,Ue;J jq;fisj; jhq;fNs rhj;jpupfs;> gz;bjHfs;> rhkpahHfs;> up\pfs; vdr; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;L fdlhtpw;Fg; gilnaLg;gtHfs; jq;fspd; gpj;jyhl;lj;ijg; gzkhf;f fdlhtpy;jhd; mjpfsT ,spj;jthaHfs; ,Uf;fpwhHfs; vdf; fzf;Fg; NghLtNj ,e;jg; gilnaLg;Gf;Ff; fhuzkhFk;. Kd;idtplg; GJg; GJ njhopy; El;gj;NjhL NrhjplHfs; filtpupf;fpwhHfs;. filtpupf;f ,q;Fs;s rpy mq;fhbfs; kw;Wk; Nfhapy;fs; xj;Jiog;G ey;Ffpd;wd.

tpNtfhde;jH Nghd;w Jha Jwtpfs; cLj;jpa fhtp ,d;W Gul;Lf;fis kiwf;Fk; Milahf khwptpl;lJ.

gpuhkzHfspd; tPLfspy; kl;Lk; ,Ue;J te;j Nrhjplk; ,d;W jkpoHfspd; ,y;yj;jpYk; cs;sj;jpYk; Fb nfhz;Ltpl;lJ. Foe;ij gpwe;jJ Kjy; ngaH #l;LtJ> jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;tJ> njhopy; njhlq;FtJ> tPL thq;FtJ> Fb GFtJ> Ntiy NjLtJ> kUj;Jtk; ghHg;gJ tiu NrhjplHfisj; Njbj; jkpoHfs; Ngaha; miyfpwhHfs;.

ehd; Kd;dH $wpathW Gtp cUz;il vd;Nwh> mJ jd;idj; jhNd Rw;wpf; nfhz;L QhapiwAk; Rw;wp tUfpwJ vd;Nwh> QhapW xU Nfhs; my;y mJ Nfhlhd Nfhb ghy; kz;lyq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; Nfhlhd Nfhb tpz;kPd;fspy; xd;W vd;W njupahjtHfshy;jhd; Nrhjpl rhj;jpuk; ,aw;wg;gl;lJ. ,d;Wk; QhapW G+kpiar; Rw;WfpwJ vd;w gpioahd mbg;gilapy;jhd; rhjfk; fzpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

xU Foe;ij gpwe;j Neuj;jpy; Nfhbf;fzf;fhd fw;;fs; njhiytpy; cs;s Nfhs;fs;> gy xsp Mz;LfSf;F mg;ghy; cs;s ,uhrpfs; kw;Wk; el;rj;jpuq;fs; rQ;;rupf;Fk; ,uhrp tPLfisg; nghWj;J mf;Foe;ijapd; vjpHfhyKk; FzeyKk; fy;tp kw;Wk; njhopy; kidtp kf;fs; vy;yhk; mikfpwJ vd;gJ ntWk; fl;Lf; fij. ,d;iwa mwptpay; cyfk; mjid Vw;Wf;nfhs;shJ. rpyuJ rhjfj;ijAk; me;j rhjfj;jpw;FupatHfspd; Fzeyd;fs; MSik kw;w ,ay;Gfs; gw;wpa tpguq;fisf; nfhLj;J ve;jr; rhjfk; ahUilaJ vd;W fz;L gpbf;fr; nrhd;dhy; NrhjplHfshy; Cfpj;Jr; nrhy;y KbANk jtpu fz;L gpbj;Jr; nrhy;y KbahJ.

FLFLg;igf;fhud; nrhy;Yk; FwpiaAk; Fwj;jp $Wk; thf;ifAk; Nrhop cUl;br; Nrhjplk; $WgtidAk; fpsp Nrhrpak; ghHg;gtidAk; ifNuif ghHg;gtidAk; rhjf gyd; nrhy;gtidAk; fhz;lk; thrpg;gtidAk; ghku kf;fs; ek;GfpwhHfs; vd;why; gbj;jtHfSk; ek;GfpwhHfs; vd;gJjhd; ngupa Nrhfk;!

NrhjplH nrhy;Yk; vjpH$wypy; rpy fhfjhypakhf ele;J tpLtijf; nfhz;L Nrhjplk; cz;ik vd;W rpyH ek;gp tpLfpwhHfs;. NrhjplH nrhy;tJ elf;fhky; Nghdhy; “vy;yhk; g+Ht n[d;k ght Gz;zpaj;ijg; nghWj;Nj elf;Fk;” vd;W $wpr; rkhspf;fpwhHfs;. ,jdhy; Nrhjplupd; gpiog;G jil ,y;yhky; njhlHe;J elf;fpwJ. %d;whtJ cyf ehl;by; thOk; NghJ Nrhjplk; Nghd;w %l ek;gpf;ifia ek;gpdhy; mjidg; ngUe;jd;ikNahL kd;dpj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. Mdhy; fdlh Nghd;w Kjy; cyf ehLfSf;F te;j gpd;dUk; Nrhjplj;ij ek;GtJ %lj;jdk; MFk;! .

jkpo;kf;fs; Nrhjplk; Nghd;w %lek;gpf;ffspy; ,Ue;J tpLgl Ntz;Lk;. jq;fs; vjpHfhyj;ij jhq;fNs jq;fs; ifapy; vLj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. nja;tj;jhy; MfhnjdpDk; Kaw;rp nka;tUj;jf; $yp jUk; vd;gtw;iw typAWj;jNt ,e;jj; njhliu vOJfpNwd;.

fle;j nehntk;gH 8 Mk; ehs; (Gjd;fpoik) thdpy; xU mofhd Mdhy; mjprakhd fhl;rpiag; ghHf;ff; $bajhf ,Ue;jJ. (tsUk;)

thdpaYf;Fk; Nrhjpl rhj;jpuj;Jf;Fk; neUq;fpa njhlHG cz;L. Nrhjpl rhj;jpuj;jpd; gbKiw tsHr;rpNa thdpayhFk;.

Nrhjplk;> thdkz;lyj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; Nfhs;fs;> ,uhrpfs;> ,uhrp tPLfs;> el;rj;jpuq;fs; Nghd;wtw;Wf;Fk; Gtpapy; gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijf;Fk; 'Kbr;R' g; Nghl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;f mwptpay; mz;lj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; (Gtp ePq;fyhf) jplg;nghUs; - Mw;wy;> gq;fPL> Mf;f mikg;G> ,aw;nghUs; epiy> mirTfs;> Xl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; gbKiw tsHr;rp Mfpatw;iw mwptpay; mbg;gilapy; Muha;e;J tUfpwJ. (The science which investigates all the matter-energy in the universe: its distribution, composition, physical states, movements, and evolution)

Gjd; Nfhs; Gtpiatpl QhapWf;F mz;ikapy; fhzg;gLk; xU rpwpa NfhshFk;. mjd; Rw;Wg; ghij Qhapwpy; ,Ue;J 58 kpy;ypad; fpkP njhiytpy; cs;sJ. mJ Qhapiwr; Rw;wptu vLf;Fk; fhyk; 88 ehs; kl;LNk. mJ Rw;Wk; ghij Gtp Rw;wp tUk; ghijapd; jsj;jpw;F 7 ghif rha; Nfhzj;jpy; cs;sJ. ,g;gbr; rha;e;jpUg;gjhy; Qhapwpd; ghijiag; Gjd; Nfhs; mupjhfNt fle;J nry;fpwJ. xU Ehw;whz;by; ,g;gbahd ngaHr;rp rPuw;w ,ilntspapy; nkhj;jk; 13 KiwNa ,lk; ngWfpwJ.

nrd;w Kiw Nk 07> 2003 ,y; ,lk;ngw;wJ. mLj;J ,uz;L fpoikfSf;F Kd;dH ( nehntk;gH 8> 2006) ,lk; ngw;wJ. ,dpNky; 2016 ,y; jhd; ,lk;ngWk;.

,g;gb ,uhrptl;lj;jpy; (QhapW nry;Ykhg; Nghy; njupAk; thdtPjp) cs;s ,uhrp tPLfisf; Nfhs;fs; fle;J nry;tijg; ngaHr;rp (Transit) vd miof;fpwhHfs;. ,e;jg; ngaHr;rp> Nfhs;fs; Qhapiwr; Rw;wptUk; Ntfj;ijg; nghWj;J ,lk; ngWfpwJ.

,g;gbahd ngaHr;rpfisAk; mjdhy; Vw;gLk; fpufzq;fisAk; thdpayhsH mz;lj;jpd; GjpHfis mtpo;fg; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ NrhjplHfs; ehl;by; nfl;lJ elf;fg;Nghtjhfr; nrhy;ypg; ghku kf;fisg; gaKWj;JfpwhHfs;. Njhrk; ePq;ff; Nfhapy; Fsq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W fpufq;fSf;F mUr;rid> mgpNrfk; kw;Wk; rhe;jp nra;AkhW Jhz;Lfpd;whHfs;. Fwpg;ghfg; ghg fpufq;fs; vd ek;gg;gLk; rdp> nrt;tha;> #upad;> ,uhF> NfJ Mfpatw;wpd; ngaHr;rpapd; NghJ Njhrk; cz;lhtjhfr; nrhy;yp kf;fis Va;j;Jg; gzk; gwpf;fpwhHfs;.

fdlhtpy; etf;fpufq;fs; ,y;yhj Nfhapy;fisNa ghHf;f KbahJ. Vida flTsiutpl ,e;j etf;fpufq;fshy;j;jhd; mjpf tUkhdk; tUfpwjhk;!

Nfhapy; thrypy; “vs;nsz;izr; rl;b vupf;f 2 nlhyH kl;LNk” vd ngupa tpsk;gug; gyiffspy; vOjp itj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. ngupa re;ijfspy; vOjp itg;gJNghy “,uz;L vs;nsz;izr; rl;b vupj;jhy; xd;W ,ytrk;” vd;W vOjp itj;jhYk; tpag;NgJk; ,y;iy!

NkNy $wpathW nrd;w nehntk;gH 07 Mk; ehs; Gjd; Nfhs; (Mercury) Gtpf;Fk; QhapWf;Fk; ,ilapy; NeHf; Nfhl;by; te;jJ. mg;nghOJ #upa fpufzk; Vw;gl;lJ. Mdhy; QhapNwhL xg;gpLk; nghOJ Gjd; Nfhs; kpfTk; rpwpaJ. mjd; tpl;lk; 4>800 fpkP kl;LNk.

thdj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; nghUl;fspd; Nfhz msit (angular measure) ghif> MHf;kzpj;Jsp> MHf;tpdhb vd thdpayhsHfs; mstpLfpwhHfs;.

    xU ghif          - xU tl;lj;jpd; 1/360 ghfkhFk;
    xU MHf;kzpj;Jsp   - 1 ghif = 1/60 ghifahFk;
    xU MHf;tpdhb      - 1 MHf;kzpj;Jsp = 1/60 ,d; MHf;kzpj;Jsp = 1/3600
                        ghif

Gjd; ngaHr;rpapd; NghJ Qhapwpd; tpl;lk; 1937.5 MHf;tpdhb MFk;. mNj rkak; Gjdppd; tpl;lk; 10.0 MHf; tpdhb kl;LNk! NtWkhjpupr; nrhy;tjhdhy; QhapNwhL xg;gpLk; NghJ Gjdpd; tpl;lk; 0.005 kl;LNk. vdNt QhapWf;Fk; Gtpf;Fk; ,ilapy; epyh NeHf; Nfhl;by; tUtjhy; Vw;gLk; #upa fpufzk; Nghy; ,J ,Uf;ftpy;iy. Gjd; Nfhs; xU rpwpa nghl;Lg;Nghy; QhapW kPJ fhzg;gl;lJ. Gjd; Qhapiwf; fle;J mjd; gpd;Gwk; nry;y vLj;j Neuk; Vwj;jho 5 kzpj;jpahyk; MFk;.

re;jpu-#upa fpufzq;fs; ,uhF NfJ vd;w ,uz;L ghk;Gfs; mtw;iwf; ft;Ttjhy; Vw;gLfpwJ vd;W NrhjplHfs; nrhy;fpwhHfs;. fpufzk; Kbe;j gpd;dNu Fspj;J KOfpr; rikf;fj; njhlq;f Ntz;Lk; my;yhtpl;lhy; cztpy; eQ;R fye;J tpLk; vd;W ghkukf;fs; mr;RWj;jg;gLfpd;whHfs;. fpufzk; gw;wpa mwpahik fhuzkhf vOfpd;w tPz; mr;rNk ,jw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;.

Gjd; Nfhs; GtpNahL xg;gpLk;NghJ ma;e;jpy; ,uz;L gq;fhFk;. ,J Nfhs;fspy; ,uz;lhtJ rpwpa NfhshFk;. ,jpy; fhw;W kz;lyk; ,y;yhjjhy; capupdq;fs; thOk; tha;g;G ,y;iy.

Nkw;gug;G - %yfk; (rpypNfl;) nfhz;l Jhrpg; gilfshy; %lg;gl;Ls;sJ. rkntspfs;> Fopfs;

ntg;gk; - QhapW xspgLk; gf;fk; 950 ghif ghud;ifl; (510 ghif nry;rpa];) ,Uspy; ,Uf;Fk; gf;fk; -346 ghif ghud;ifl; (-210 ghif nry;rpa];;)

Nrhjpl Ehy;fs; midj;Jf; Nfhs;fspd; gyj;ij tupirg;gLj;Jk; nghOJ Gjd; Nfhis ,Wjpapy; itj;jpUf;fpd;wd.

NkYk; GjDf;Fr; re;jpud; rj;JU> nrt;tha;f;Fg; Gjd; rj;JU. Njhy; rk;ge;jkhd Neha; Gjd; Nfhspdhy; Vw;gLkhk;. Vida Nfhs;fspdhy; Vw;gLk; Neha;fs; gpd;tUkhW:

,tw;iw vy;yhk; ahH ahH vg;gb vg;nghOJ Ma;e;J fz;L gpbj;jdH vd;gJ njupatpy;iy. ghuj;ij my;yJ gopiag; guhruH> thuhfkpUfH Nghd;w Kw;fhy KdptHfs; jiyapy; Vw;wp tpl;Lr; NrhjplHfs; jg;gpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;whHfs;. ,tHfs; ve;j mbg;gilAk; ,y;yhJ> ve;j tpjpf;fl;bd;wpAk; kdk;Nghd Nghf;fpy; Nfhs;fspd; Fzhk;rq;fisr; rpj;jpupj;J ,Uf;fpwhHfs;.

Ntbf;if vd;dntd;why; ,uz;L NrhjplHfs; xU rhjfj;ijg; ghHj;J xNu khjpupahd gyd;fis xNu Fuypy; nrhy;tjpy;iy. MSf;F Ms; khw;wp khw;wpr; nrhy;fpd;whHfs;. mjw;F jf;f fhuzk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

n[dd yf;fpdk;> n[dd uhrp> gd;dpuz;L ,uhrpfs; vd mtw;Wf;Fj; jdpj;jdpg; gyd;fs; cz;L. Mdhy; mit epw;Fk; 12 tPLfisg; nghWj;J gyd;fs; khWgLfpd;wd. xd;gJ Nfhs;fSf;Fk; jdpj;jdpg; gyd;fs; cz;L. Mdhy; mit epw;Fk; tPLfisg; nghWj;J gyd;fs; khWgLfpd;wd.

xd;gJ Nfhs;fSk; Ml;rp> cr;rk;> rkk;> ePr;rk;> el;G (kpj;JU) gif (rj;JU) njrhGj;jp> MNuhfzk;> mtNuhfzk;> me;j];j Njh\k;> mjp Njtijfs;> fhufg;gyd;> ghHitfs;> ethk;rk; Nghd;w gyjpwg;gl;l jd;ikfisg; nghWj;Jg; gyd;fs; NtWgLfpd;wd.

rhjfj;jpy; fpuf (Nfhs;) epiyfs; ,Ue;jJ Nghy; rhjfk; ghHf;Fk; NghJ mit ,Ug;gjpy;iy. vdNt ,uz;L Nfhs;epiyfisAk; fzf;fpy; vLj;Jg; gyd; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;.

,t;thW NrHj;Jk; fzpj;Jk; tupirkhw;wpAk; (combination, computation and permutation) gj;jhk;juk; gbj;j Nrhjpluhy; gyd; nrhy;y KbAkh? mjdhy;jhd; xU NrhjplH rhjfj;ijg; ghHj;J kzg; nghUj;jk; ,y;iy vd;why; kw;w NrhjplH kzg;nghUj;jk; cz;L vdr; nrhy;fpwhH! Nrhjplk; ghHj;Jg; nghUj;jk; nrhy;Yk; NrhjpluJ kfNs jpUkzk; nra;J rpy fhyj;jpy; ,we;J NghfpwhH my;yJ tpjitahf tPl;by; cl;fhHe;jpUf;fpwhH my;yJ Foe;ijg; ghf;fpak; ,y;yhjtuhf ,Uf;fpwhH. mg;gbnad;why; kw;wtHfs; fjp vd;d? gbahjtHfis tpl;L tpLNthk;. mtHfisj; jpUj;j KbahJ. gbj;jtHfs; rpe;jpj;Jg; ghHf;f Ntz;lhkh?

fkk; tpisa Ntz;Lk; vd;why; gapNuhL Kiisf;Fk; Gy;iyAk; gpLq;f Ntz;Lk;. rKjhak; Kd;Ndw Ntz;Lk; vd;why; me;jr; rKjhaj;jpy; GiuNahbg; Ngha;f; fplf;Fk; %lg;gof;f tof;fq;fisAk; fisnaLf;f Ntz;Lk;. (tsUk;)

kuk; Rk;kh ,Ue;jhYk; fhw;W mjid tpLtjpy;iy. mirj;J mirj;J Ml;bf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.

NrhjplHfSk; mg;gbj;jhd;. ehd; Rk;kh ,Uf;f tpUk;gpdhYk; mtHfs; vd;id tpLtjhf ,y;iy. ,Njh mz;ikapy; jkpof VL xd;wpy; te;j nra;jpiag; gbAq;fs;. nra;jpapy; fhzg;gl;l jkpo; eilia rw;W nrk;ikg;gLj;jpAs;Nsd;.

mj;thdp Kjy; NjtfTlh tiuapy; N[hjpl MNyhrid Nfl;Fk; gpuKfu; xUtu; fhQ;rp Guj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwhuhk;. ,e;jj; jftiy rkPgj;jpy; Nfs;tpg;gl;l ebfu; u[pdpfhe;j;> N[hjpliu cldbahf i`juhghj;Jf;Fg; Gwg;gl;L tur; nrhd;dhuhk;. ‘rpth[p’ glg;gpbg;G ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;NghNj> fhQ;rpGuj;J N[hjpluplk; jdJ vjpu;fhyj;ijf; fzpj;Jr; nrhy;Yk;gb Nfl;lhuhk;.

‘cq;fs; [hjf Nahfj;Jf;F ePq;fs; murpaypy; Fjpg;gPu;fs;. ahUk; vl;lKbahj cauj;Jf;Fg; NghtPHfs;... mjw;F cq;fs; Ngudpd; [hjfKk; Jizahf ,Uf;fpwJ....’ vd;W nrhy;yptpl> u[pdpapd; cs;sk; Fspu;e;J tpl;ljhk;.

‘,g;NghJ ‘rpth[p’ glg;gpbg;ig Kjypy; Kbj;J tpLfpNwd;. mjd;gpwF> kPz;Lk; xUKiw vdJ urpfu; kd;w rfhf;fsplk; fye;J Ngrptpl;L> murpaypy; Fjpg;gJ Fwpj;J KbntLf;fpNwd;...’ vd;W nrhy;yp N[hjpliu Vfkhff; ftdpj;J mDg;gpa u[pdp> njhlu;e;J me;j N[hjplUf;F Nghd;Nky; Nghd; Nghl;Lg; Ngrpf;nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpwhuhk;. ,e;j tp\ak; vg;gbNah fhQ;rpGuk; gFjpapy; gutptpl> ‘u[pdp N[hjplu;g;gh...’ vd;W nrhy;yp> jw;NghJ Vfj;Jf;Fk; $l;lk; tUfpwjhk;!

NjhjplHfs; jq;fs; gpiog;Gf;fhf “rpth[p fNzrDf;F ehd;jhd; rhjfk; fzpj;Jg; gyd; nrhd;Ndd;” “u[pdp vd;idf; fye;jhNyhrpf;fhky; vijAk; nra;a khl;lhH” “vd;d ey;y fhupaj;Jf;Fk; mz;zhr;rpf;F ehd;jhd; ehs; el;rj;jpuk; fzpj;Jf; nfhLg;Ngd;” vd;nwy;yhk; GSFthHfs;.

u[pdp Nahff;fhuH vd;gij mtuJ rhjfj;ijg; ghHj;Jj;jhd; njupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;bajpy;iy. godpkiy mbthuj;jpy; gpr;ir vLj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; gpr;irf;fhuidf; Nfl;lhNy nrhy;Ythd;!

“u[pdp jhd; jkpo;ehl;bd; mLj;j Kjyikr;rH” vd;W ePz;l fhykhfNt NrhjplHfs; M&lk; nrhy;yp tUfpwhHfs;. xt;nthU NjHjy; tUk;NghJ mg;gbahd Ngr;R mbgLk;. NjHjy; Kbe;jJk; mJ epd;WtpLk;.

u[pdp ey;y ebfH. Mdhy; Nrhjplk; Nghd;w %lek;gpf;iffis vspjpy; ek;gptpLk; NgHtop. ek;GtJ kl;Lky;y mtNu %lek;gpf;iffSf;F jPdp Nghl;L tsHj;J tUfpwhH. ,kakiy mbthuj;jpy; xU ghth (rhkpahH) ,Uf;fpwhH vd;Wk; jhd; mtuplk; mbf;fb Ngha; juprpj;J MrPHthjk; thq;FtjhfTk; me;jr; rhkpahH Mapuj;J ma;q;EhW Mz;Lfshf capNuhL ,Ug;gjhfTk; u[pdp nrhy;fpwhH!

,e;j rhkpahH kPjhd mjPj gf;jp ntwpapy; u[pdp mtuJ ngaupNyNa xU jpiug;glk; jahupj;jhH. mjpy; rhkpahH Ntlj;jpy; tUk; u[pdp mbf;fb tpuiy kbj;J rpd; Kj;jpiu fhl;LthH. Mdhy; ghgh glk; gLNjhy;tp mile;jJ. jpiuapl;l rpy ehl;fspy; jpiug;gl muq;Ffis tpl;L Xbtpl;lJ. glk; XNfh vd;W XLk; vd ek;gp mij thq;fpatHfs; nehe;J NghdhHfs;. ey;y fhykhf u[pdp mtHfsJ ,og;ig <L nra;jhH!

u[pdpia kpQ;rpa %lq;fs; gy jkpo;ehl;by; ,Uf;fpd;wd. Kd;dhs; Kjyikr;rH n[ayypjhitr; Rw;wp vg;NghJk; NrhjplH gl;lhsk; ,Uf;Fk;. mtH Kjyikr;ruhf ,Ue;j NghJ ve;jf; fhupaj;ijAk; ehs; el;rj;jpuk; ghuhJ nra;akhl;lhH. Nfhl;ilf;Fg; Nghtjhf ,Ue;jhYk; ,uhF fhyk; fopj;Jj;jhd; NghthH. tPl;by; ahfk; nra;tJ Nghjhnjd;W Nfhapy; Nfhapyhfg; Ngha; Fk;gpl;L ahfk;> rhe;jp> mUr;rid> mgpNrfk;> fhzpf;if vd;W mkHf;fsg;gLj;JthH.

NrhjplH cd;dpfpU\;z gzpf;fiug; gw;wpf; Nfs;tpg;gl;bUg;gPHfs;? Nrhjplk; fzpg;gjpy; gpu];dk; (Nrhspfis cUl;b tpl;L flTsplk; mUs; thf;Ff; Nfl;gJ) ghHg;gjpy; ,tH xU “Gyp” ahk;! ,tHjhd; n[ayypjhtpd; muz;kidr; NrhjplH.

godp Nfhapypy; cs;s KUfdJ gQ;rgh\hz rpiy Nja;e;Jtpl;lJ. mjdhy; mjDila rf;jp Ngha;tpl;lJ. mjid mg;Gwg;gLj;jptpl;L jq;fj;jhy; nra;j rpiynahd;iw itf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W cd;dpfpU\;z gzpf;fH n[ayypjhTf;F MNyhrid nrhd;dhH. nrhd;dJjhd; jhkjk; gQ;rgh\hz rpiy ,uNthL ,uthf mfw;wg;gl;L jq;fj;jhy; Md rpiy itf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. rpiy khw;wk; gf;jHfspilNa ngupa #whtspiaf; fpsg;gpaJ!

“gpu];d;d Gyp” cd;dpfpU\;z gzpf;fupd; gpu];dj;jhy; Gyp kPjku;e;j ma;ag;gf; flTNs Mbg; NghFk; msTf;F thjg;gpujp thjq;fs; fpsk;gp Nfush kw;Wk; fu;ehlfh Mfpa ,U khepyq;fspYk; R+l;ilf; fpsg;gpapUf;fpwJ. cr;rf;fl;lkhf kj;jpa muR ,e;j tptfhuj;jpy; jiyapl Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nfhupf;iff; Fuy;fSk; vOe;Js;sd.

Nfusj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; rgupkiy ma;ag;gd; re;epjhdj;jpy; tsu;r;rpg; gzpfs; nra;tjw;fhf fle;j a+d; 19 Mk; ehs; jpUthq;$u; mwepiyaj; Jiw cd;dpfpU\;z gzpf;fiu mioj;J Njtgpu];dk; Nfl;lJ.

“ma;ag;gd; re;epjhdj;jpy; ,sk; ngz; xUtu; mtiuj; njhl;Lf; Fk;gpl;bUf;fpwhH. mjdhy; ma;ag;gDf;Fj; jPl;Lg; gl;Ltpl;lJ! gpu];dk; ghHj;jjpy; NfhapYf;Fs; ngz; te;J NghdJk; $lNt fs; thrid ,Ug;gJk; njupe;jJ. ,q;Fs;s je;jpupfs; fs;> rhuak; Nghd;w kJghdq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp cs;sdu;. ,jdhy; ma;ag;gd; gaq;fu Nfhgj;jpy; cs;shH. mtupd; KfNk khwp tpl;lJ. ,e;jf; Nfhgj;ij khw;w mtUf;F mzpAk; Mguzq;fisg; Gjpjhfr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. Gjpjhf ma;ag;gd; rpiyiaAk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;” vd jd; gpu];dj;jpy; njuptjhf gzpf;fu; xU Fz;L Nghl;lhu;.

“Nfhapy; fUtiwf;Fs; ahUk; Eioa KbahJ. mJTk; xU ngz; Eioe;J Rthkp rpiyiaj; njhl;L tzq;FtJ vd;gJ fw;gidapy; $l elf;f KbahjJ. vdNt cd;dpfpU\;z gzpf;fUk; ebif n[akhyhTk; $l;Lr; NrHe;J vjw;fhfNth ehlfkhLfpwhHfs;” vd;W Nfhapy; je;jpupfs; cd;dpfpU\;z gzpf;fH kPJ Fw;wk; rhl;bdhHfs;

“je;jpupfs; Mfk tpjpg;gb ehSk; Fspj;Jtpl;Lj;jhd; G+ir nra;a Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; ,g;NghJ rgupkiy Nfhapypy; cs;s je;jpupAk; Nky; rhe;jpAk; Fspg;gjpy;iy. Fspf;fhkNyNa G+ir nra;fpwhHfs;. kPwpf; Fspj;jhYk; Foha;j; jz;zPupy; Fspf;fpwhHfs;> Mrhu epakdk; xd;Wk; ghHg;gjpy;iy> kfhUj;u ahfk;> rf];ufyrk; MfpaitAk; Kiwahf elg;gjpy;iy ,jdhy; rgupkiyapd; Gdpjk; ,tHfshy; nfl;Ltpl;lJ. ma;ag;gd; gaq;fuf; Nfhgj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwhH” vdg; gjpYf;F cd;dpfpU\;z gzpf;fH je;jpupfs; kPJ Fw;wk; rhl;bdhH.

je;jpupAk; Nky; rhe;jpAk; ek;G+jpupg; gpuhkzHfs;. cd;dpfpU\;z gzpf;fH NtW rhjpiar; NrHe;jtH. vdNt ,e;jr; rz;il gpuhkzH - gpuhkzH my;yhjhH vd;w Nfhzj;jpYk; eilngWfpd;wJ vd;w Ngr;Rk; mbgLfpwJ.

gpu];dj;ijj; njhlu;e;J> fd;dlj;ijr; Nru;e;j gpugy ebifahd n[akhyh> “1986 Mk; Mz;L vd; ,Ugj;NjohtJ tajpy;> je;jpup xUtu; cjtpAld; ma;ag;gd; rpiy mUfpy; nrd;Nwd;. $l;l neuprypy; fPNo tpOe;j ehd; ma;ag;gdpd; fhy;fisj; njhl;L tzq;fpNdd;. cd;dpfpU\;z gzpf;fu; nrhy;Yk; ngz; ehd;jhd;” vd mwepiyaj; Jiwf;F xU njhiyg;gbia (fax) mDg;gpdhH.

khjtplha; epd;Wtpl;l ngz;fSk;> taJf;F tuhj rpWkpfSk;jhd; rgupkiy NfhapYf;Fs; Eioa mDkjpf;fg;gLthu;fs;. mg;gbapUf;f> n[akhyh ,g;gbr; nrhd;dJk; “mtu; kPJ eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk;” vd;W Fuy; vOk;gpaJ. ,J ,U khepy rl;lkd;wq;fspYk; fhurhukhf tpthjpf;fg; gl;lJ.

,e;jr; re;jbfSf;F ,ilapy;> guk;giu guk;giuahf ma;ag;gd; NfhapYld; njhg;Gs;nfhb njhlu;Gnfhz;l ge;jsk; mur FLk;gj;jpdu;> mwepiyaj; Jiw kPJk; cd;dpfpU\;z gzpf;fu; kPJk; fLk; Fw;wr;rhl;Lfis nrhy;y Muk;gpj;jdu;.

“NfhapYf;Fk; vq;fSf;Fkhd njhlu;Gfis ,y;yhky; Nghfr; nra;Ak; Kaw;rpjhd; ,J. rgupkiyapy; Coy; nra;tjw;fhfNt Njtrk; rigAk;> je;jpupAk; (G+rhupAk;) cd;dpfpU\;z gzpf;fUk; NrHe;J Njtg;gpu];dk; elj;jpAs;sdH” vd;W ge;jsk; muz;kid tl;lhuk; Fw;wk; rhl;LfpwJ.

ge;jsk; murupd; tsHg;G kfd;jhd; ma;ag;gd; vd;gJ ma;jPfk;. ma;ag;gd; Ntz;LNfhs;gb rgupkiyapy; ma;ag;gd; Nfhapy; fl;lg;gl;lJ vd;gJ tuyhW.

flTSf;Fk; rhjhuz kdpjidg; Nghy; Nfhgjhgk; ,Uf;fpwjh? mJ vy;yhk; ty;y vy;yhk; njupe;j vq;Fk; epiwe;j flTs; ,yf;fzj;Jf;F Kuz; ,y;iyah?

Nfhapy; G+rhupAk; njhl;Lj;jhNd Fk;gpLfpwhH? mtUk; kdpjHjhNd? n[akhyh vd;w ebif kl;Lk; Vd; njhl;Lf; Fk;gplf; $lhJ? ngz; Fk;gplf; $lhJ vd;W nrhy;tJ ngz; mbikj;jdj;Jf;F rhkuk; tPRtJ Nghy; ,y;iyah?

ma;ag;gd; xU tpj;jpahrkhd flTs;! ma;ag;gd; mupf;Fk; muDf;Fk; gpwe;jtH. filrptiu jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;shjtH. vdNt mtUf;Fg; ngz;thil gpbf;fhJ! ghyhopiaf; file;jJk; mKjk; vLj;jJk; ghftjj;jpy; tpyhthupahf tptupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Nkhfpdp tbtnkLj;j tp\;Zitf; fz;lJk;> jd;Dila kidtpahd ghHtjp mUfpy; ,Ug;gijf;$lg; nghUl; gLj;jhky; rptd; fhkj;Jld; neUq;fpdhH. filrpapy; mtUf;Fr; Rf;fpy ntspg;ghL cz;lhdJ. mJ tpOe;j ,lq;fs; nghd;Dk; nts;spAk; tpisAk; gpuNjrq;fshf khwpd vdg; ghftj Guhzk; $Wfpd;wJ.

NrhjplH cd;dpfpU\;z gzpf;fH ma;ag;gd; rhkpf;F 19 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH jPl;L Vw;gl;Ltpl;lJ vd;W nrhy;tJ rupahdhy; ,t;tsT ehSk; nra;j topghL> G+ir vy;yhk; Rj;jkhf tPzhfptpl;lNj! mJ kl;Lky;y ma;ag;gidtpl ebif n[akhyhTf;F rf;jp mjpfk; vd;w nghUSk; ,jpy; nghjpe;J fplf;fpwJ!

jPl;L ePq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;why; Nfhapiy ,dpg; Gdpjg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. Kd;dUk; Mfk tpjpfSf;F khwhf jypj;Jf;fisf; NfhapYf;Fs; mDkjpj;j NghJ Rthkpf;Fj; jPl;Lg;gl;Ltpl;lnjd;W gf;jHfs; Gyk;gpdhHfs;! GNuhfpjHfs; gijj;Jg; NghdhHfs;! Fk;ghtpNrfk; nra;J jPl;Lf; fopf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W xNu Fuypy; nrhd;dhHfs;.

cz;ik vd;dntd;why; cd;dpfpU\;z gzpf;fUf;Fk; ebif n[akhyhTf;Fk; Vw;fdNt njhlHG ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ. th];J njhlHghf n[akhyhTf;F gzpf;fH MNyhrid toq;fp ,Uf;fpwhH. mjidg; gad;gLj;jpj;jhd; gzpf;fH “mUs;thf;F” r; nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhH!

cd;dpfpU\;z gzpf;fH Vd; mg;gbnahU ehlfkhl Ntz;Lk;? rupe;J tUk; mtuJ GfioAk; tUkhdj;ijAk; Jhf;fp epWj;jj;jhd; vd;fpwhHfs; je;jpupfs;!

,g;NghJ ebif n[akhyh nrhy;tijg; gbAq;fs;. vdJ ifr;ruf;F VjhtJ ,Uf;FNkh vd;W ahUk; ma;ag;glf; $lhJ vd;gjhy; tpfldpy; te;j mtuJ nfhr;irj; jkpo; nrt;tpia mg;gbNa fPNo jUfpNwd;.

‘‘,e;j tPl;ilf; fl;LwJf;F Kd;dhy ,q;f epiwa fiuahd; Gj;J ,Ue;Jr;R. mij ,br;rp %bl;L jhd; tPl;ilf; fl;bNdhk;. mg;Ngh N[hjplu;. ‘tPl;Ly Njh\k; ,Uf;F. Fb tuhjPq;f... kPwp te;jh> %Z khrj;JyNa nrj;J LtPq;fd;D nrhy;ypl;lhU.

tPl;Ly m\;lkq;fyk; Nghl;lh vd;d Njh\k; ,Uf;Fd;D ghu;j;J rupgz;zplyhk;D nrhd;djhy;> cd;dpfpU\;z gzpf;fiu vq;f tPl;Lf;Ff; $l;b te;Njhk;. m\;lkq;fyk; Nghl;l gzpf;fu;> ‘ePq;f Rg;ukzpah rhkpia vq;fhtJ njhl;L ,Uf;fPq;fsh?’D Nfl;lhU. ‘,y;iyNa’D nrhd;Ndd;. ‘ey;yh Nahrpr;rpr; nrhy;Yq;f... fhl;Ly ,Uf;fpw xU gtu;/Gy; rhkpia ePq;f njhl;l Njh\k; ,Jy njupAJd;D jpUk;gTk; Nfl;lhU. clNd Iag;gd; Nfhapy; Qhgfk; te;jJ. mg;g rhkpia njhl;lij nrhd;Ndd;. clNd gzpf;fu;> ‘ePq;f Iag;gd; NfhapYf;Fg; NghdJk;> mq;Nf ,Ue;j rhkpiaj; njhl;lJk; nuhk;g jg;G. me;jj; Njh\k;jhd; cq;fis Ml;Ltpf;FJd;D nrhy;yp> gupfhu G+i[ elj;jpdhU. ,njy;yhk; ele;jJ 2000 Mk; tU\j;Jy. mJf;Fg; gpwF ehd; gzpf;fiu ghu;f;fNth> NgrNth ,y;iy. kj;jgb vq;fSf;Fs;s ve;j njhlu;Gk; fpilahJ.’’

‘‘gzpf;fu; rgupkiyapy Njtgpu];dk; ghu;j;j md;iwf;Nf vg;gb ePq;f Njt]k; Nghu;Lf;F /Ngf;]; mDg;gpdPq;f?’’

‘‘mijj;jhd; nrhy;y tNud;. gzpf;fu; rgup kiyapy Njtgpu];dk; ghu;j;j md;idf;F gzpf;fNuhl cjtpahsu; vdf;F Nghd; gz;zp> ‘Nfhapy;y gzpf;fu; gpu];dk; ghu;j;jjpy; ePq;f Iag;gidj; njhl;l Njh\k; ,d;Dk; ,Uf;FD nrhy;whU. ePq;f mij xg;Gf; fpl;L kd;dpg;G Nfl;L /Ngf;]; mDg;gr; nrhy;yp gzpf;fu; nrhd;dhUd;D jfty; nfhLj;jhu;. vq;f FLk;g N[hjplu;l;l fd;ry;l; nra;Jl;L /Ngf;]; mDg;gpNdd;. Mdh> kWehs; ,ijnay;yhk; kiwr;R gzpf;fu; gpu];dk; ghu;j;Jr; nrhd;d gtu;yjhd; ehd; /Ngf;]; mDg;gpa khjpup Njt]k; Nghu;L jpupr;rp nra;jpfis ntspapl;lJ. mij ghu;j;J \hf; Mapl;Nld;. ,Ue;Jk; flTs; tptfhuk; vd;gjhy; mg;Ngh tha;jpwf;fy.’’

‘‘rpy thuq;fSf;F Kd;G gzpf;fiu ehd; ghu;j;jNj ,y;yd;D nrhy;ypl;L ,Ue;jPq;fNs..?’’

‘‘rgupkiy tptfhuk; njhlu;ghf vJTk; Ngrf;$lhJD Nfus NghyP]; nrhy;ypapUe;jhq;f. fu;ehlf NghyP]hUk; ‘,e;j tp\ak; rPupa]hfpl;Nl NghFJ. mjdhy ahU vijf; Nfl;lhYk; njupahJD nrhy;Yq;fd;D nrhy;ypapUe;jhq;f. ,g;Ngh ehd; VNjh gzpf;fu;$l Nru;e;Jfpl;L buhkh NghLw khjpup f;upNal; gz;zpl;L ,Uf;fhq;f. mjdhyjhd; ,dpAk; cz;ikfis kiwf;ff; $lhJd;D nrhy;ypl;Nld;.’’ ‘‘Nfus NghyP]hu; cq;fsplk; tprhupr;r NghJ vd;d nrhd;dPq;f..?’’ (njhlUk;)

“v];.gpahd ,uhkr;re;jpud; ehau;$l te;j NghyP]; Bk;> vd;fpl;l 73 Nfs;tpfis vOjpf; nfhLj;J tprhupr;Rl;L> ‘cq;f Nky ve;jj; jg;Gk; ,y;yk;kh’D nrhy;ypl;Lg; Nghdhq;f. mg;gbapUf;Fk; NghJ NghyPN]hl KOikahd tprhuiz mwpf;if ntsp tu;wJf;F Kd;Ng n[akhyhjhd; Fw;wthspD fij fl;bl;L ,Uf;fhq;f. ,e;j tp\aj;Jy vd;idg; gypflhthf;fg; ghu;f;fpwhq;f.”

“gzpf;fu;> Njt]k; Nghu;L> mikr;ru; Rjhfud; vy;yhNk xNu Nfh\;bjhd;. gzpf;fu; VNjh mtNuhl nja;thjPd rf;jpahy ehd; ma;ag;gidj; njhl;lijf; fz;L gpbr;rijNghy fhl;bf;f epidf;fpwhU. mg;gb fhl;bf; fpl;lh mtNuhl kTR ,d;Dk; mjpfkhFk; ,y;y. Njt]k; Nghu;Ly ,Uf;fpwTq;f mTq;f Nky cs;s jg;ig kiwf;f> ,e;j tp\aj;ij Cjp tpLwhq;f. mikr;ru; tpsk;guj;Jf;fhf vd;Nky eltbf;if vLf;fg; Nghwjh nrhy;ypl;Lj; jpupapwhU. ,Tq;f %Z NgUk; Nru;e;J NghLw ehlfj;jpy vd;id tpy;ypahf;fpl;lhq;f.

,Jf;F NkyAk; VjhtJ nrhy;ypl;L ,Ue;jhq;fd;dh>rl;lgb eltbf;if vLf;fpw ijj; jtpu Ntwtop njupay. mJf;F ma;ag;gd; vdf;Fj; Jiz epw;ghU’’ vd neQ;rpy; ifitj;Jr; nrhd;dhu; n[akhyh.

Nfus Fw;wg;gpupT fhty;Jiw mjpfhup ,uhkr;re;jpud; ehaH jiyikapy; eilngw;w tprhuizapy; cd;dpfpU\;z gzpf;fUk; ebif n[akhyhTk; rjpj; jpl;lk; jPl;b ehlfkhbaJ njupate;Js;sJ. mtH fle;j 2 khjj;jpw;F Kd; Nfus cs;Jiw mikr;ru; NfhbNaup ghyfpU\;zdplk; nfhLj;j mwpf;ifapy; n[akhyh kPJk;> N[hjplu; gzpf;fu; kPJk; Fw;w tof;Fg; gjpT nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;W gupe;Jiu nra;jpUe;jhu;. ,jdhy; ,d;Dk; xU rpy thuq;fspy; mtu;fs; kPJ tof;Fg; gjpT nra;ag;gLk; vdj; njupatUfpwJ. mjw;fhd cj;juit Nfus muR gpwg;gpj;Js;sJ.

,e;epiyapy; n[akhyh mwj;Jiw mikr;ru; RjhfuDf;F fbjk; xd;iw mDg;gpdhu;. mjpy; "ehd; ve;jj; jtWk; nra;atpy;iy. N[hjplu; cd;dpfpU\;z gzpf;fu;jhd; vd;id rpf;fitj;J tpl;lhu;. vd; kPJ tof;Fg; gjpT nra;a Ntz;lhk;>' vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;. ,e;jf; fbjj;jpw;F mikr;ru; Rjhfud; ehd;F gf;f mstpy; gjpy; fbjk; mDg;gpAs;shu;.

"ebif n[akhyh jd;id "Fw;wkw;wtu;' vd;W $wpAs;shu;. mg;gbahdhy;> ,yl;rf;fzf;fhd ma;ag;g gf;ju;fspd; czu;Tfisf; fhg;ghw;Wk; nghUl;L> ,e;j ru;r;ir Fwpj;j cz;ik epiyia mtu; ntspapl Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j tp\aj;jpy; mtu; gfilf; fhahf gad;gLj;jg; gl;bUf;fyhk;. cd;dpfpU\;z gzpf;fUk; xU fUtpahfg; gad;gLj;jg; gl;bUf;fyhk; vd tprhuiz elj;jpa Fw;wg;gpupT fhty;JiwapdH njuptpj;jdu;. fd;dl ebif n[akhyh 20 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G rgupkiy Nfhtpypy; ma;ag;gd; rpiyia njhl;ljhf mwpf;if ntspapl;ljw;fhd fhuzj;ijj; njuptpj;jhy; mtUf;Ff; fUiz fhl;lg;gLk;.

gj;J Kjy; Ik;gJ taJ ngz;fs; Nfhtpypy; Eioaj; jil ,Uf;Fk;NghJ> jd;Dila ,sk; tajpy; ebif n[akhyh NfhtpYf;Fs; Eioe;jjhff; $Wtij ahUk; ek;g khl;lhu;fs;. mg;gbg;gl;l jil ,Uf;Fk;NghJ> mtu; Eioe;jJ cWjp nra;ag;gl;lhy; mJ fpupkpdy; Fw;wkhf vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,it midj;ijAk; n[akhyhTf;F vOjpa fbjj;jpy; ehd; njuptpj;Js;Nsd;” vd Nfus mikr;ru; Rjhfud; $wpdhu;.

,jw;fpilapy; kuj;jhy; tpOe;jtid khNlwp kpjpj;j fijahf “,oe;j nry;thf;if kPz;Lk; ngWtjw;fhfNt ebif n[akhyh %yk; ma;ag;gd; Nfhtpy; ru;r;iria muq;Nfw;wp Mjhak; Njl KaYfpwhu; cd;dpfpU\;z gzpf;fu;” vd;W mtuJ Kd;dhs; cjtpahsu; ehuhazd; Fw;wk; rhl;Lfpwhu;.

‘n[akhyh nrhy;tJ Rj;jg; ngha;. NfhtpYf;Fs; Eioe;jJ> Rthkp rpiyia njhl;lJ vy;yhNk cd;dpfpU\;z gzpf;fu; nrhy;ypf; nfhLj;jJ. mtu; Nghl;Lf; nfhLj;j rjpj; jpl;lj;ijj;jhd; n[akhyh ,g;NghJ mky;gLj;jpAs;shu;” vd;W ehuhazd; rhLfpwhu;.

ney;iyapy; cs;s jdJ tPl;by; ehuhazd; nra;jpahsu;fsplk; NgRifapy; “ ehd; %d;W Mz;Lfs; gzpf;fuplk; jdp cjtpahsuhf ,Ue;Njd;. gpd;du; vd;idf; fle;j khjk; (A+d; 2006) gzpapypUe;J ePf;fp tpl;lhu;. NkYk;> ehuhazd; gug;gdq;fhbapy; ehd; thq;fpapUe;j &gh 7 yl;rk; kjpg;Gs;s tPl;ilAk; &gh 2 yl;rk; kl;Lk; nfhLj;J vOjp thq;fp tpl;lhu;. n[akhyh nrhy;tJ midj;JNk ngha;. vy;yhNk gzpf;fupd; jpl;lk;jhd;. mjhtJ mtUf;F rgupkiy Nfhtpypy; Njtgpurd;dk; ghu;f;f mDkjp nfhLf;fg;gltpy;iy. NkYk;> Kd;G Nghy mtUf;F Nfushtpy; nry;thf;Fk; ,y;iy.

mtiu ek;gp M&lk; Nfl;l gyUk; ,g;NghJ tpyfpr; nry;y Muk;gpj;J tpl;ldu;. ,jdhy; tpuf;jp mile;j gzpf;fu;> ,oe;j nry;thf;ifg; ngWk; tpjj;jpy;jhd; “ehd; fzpj;jJ Nghy ele;J tpl;lJ ghu;j;jPu;fsh” vd;W fhl;Ltjw;fhfNt n[akhyh %yk; ,g;gb xU ehlfj;ij muq;Nfw;wpAs;shu;.

n[akhyhit ehd; ghu;j;jNj ,y;iy vd;W gzpf;fu; $WtJ gr;irg; ngha;. fle;j 2 Mz;Lfspy; kl;Lk; nkhj;jk; 3 Kiw ,tu;fs; ,UtUk; re;jpj;Js;sdu;. ngq;fShupy; ,uz;L KiwAk; nrd;idapy; xUKiwAk; ,UtUk; re;jpj;jdu;. me;j re;jpg;gpd;NghJ ehDk; gzpf;fUld;jhd; ,Ue;Njd; vd;W $wpAs;shH.

NrhjplH cd;dpfpU\;z gzpf;fH vd;d nrhy;fpwhH? “Njtgpu];dk; ghu;g;gJ vd;gJ ehd; kl;Lk; jdpg;gl;L ghu;g;gjpy;iy. Njt]k; Nghu;ilr; Nru;e;j 23 N[hjplu;fs; Kd;dpiyapy;jhd; ghu;g;Ngd;. Nrhspia cUl;b ehd; gpu];dk; ghu;j;Jr; nrhy;tijf; $lNt ,Ue;J mtu;fSk; cWjpg;gLj;Jthu;fs;. md;iwf;Fk; mg;gbj;jhd; ele;jJ. mg;Nghnjy;yhk; NgrhkypUe;j je;jpupfs;> ,g;NghJ kl;Lk; Vd; gpur;id fpsg;gNtz;Lk;?” vd;fpwhH.

je;jpup fz;luF NkhfdUNth “mtu; nrhy;tij ahUk; ek;gj; jahuhf ,y;iy. tpsk;guj;Jf;fhf gzpf;fu; nray;glf;$batu;’’ vd;fpwhH.

mwj;Jiw cWg;gpdu; GdY}u; khJ “ge;jsk; uh[h> jdJ gioa nry;thf;if itj;Jf; Nfhapy; epu;thfj;jplk; gzk; gwpf;Fk; Kaw;rpapy; njhlu;e;J <Lgl;L tUfpwhu;. ,jdhy;jhd; mtUf;Fk; Nghu;Lf;Fk; kd];jhgk; Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. uh[htplk; ,Uf;Fk; eiffs; midj;Jk; jpUthq;$u; rk];jhdj;jpd; nrhj;J. vg;gbNah> Vkhw;wp jq;fs; FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;by; itj;J tpl;ldu;” vd;fpwhH.

vy;NyhUf;Fk; nrhy;Yk; gy;yp jhd;kl;Lk; $o;g; ghidf;Fs; tpOe;jjhk;. vy;NyhUf;Fk; rhjfk;> th];J> gpu];dk; ghHj;Jr; nrhy;Yk; “gpu];d Gyp” cd;dpfpU\;z gzpf;fH me;jg; gy;ypapd; epiyapy;jhd; ,Uf;fpwhH. ma;ag;gDf;F gpu];dk; ghHf;F Kd;dH gzpf;fH jd; gpu];dk; vg;gb vd;W Vd; ghHf;ftpy;iy?

mtuJ cjtpahsH nrhy;tJ Nghy jdJ GfioAk; tUkhdj;ijAk; Jhf;fp epWj;jNt gzpf;fH ,e;j ehlfj;ij muq;Nfw;wpapUf;fpwhH. mtuJ nfl;l fhyk; ehlfk; Jd;gpaypy; Kbe;jpUf;fpwJ!

,J ,t;thwpUf;f Milapy;yhj mofpfNshL ma;ag;gd; Nfhapy; fz;luU NkhfdU je;jpup fytpf; flypy; %o;fpj; jj;jspj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j fhl;rpia rpy khjq;fSf;F Kd;dH rpyH glk; vLj;Js;shHfs;!

nfhiy> fsT> ngha;> fs;> fhkk; vd;w gQ;rkh ghjfq;fspy; ma;ag;gd; Nfhapy; G+rhupahH filrpg; ghjfj;ijj; Jzpe;J nrajpUf;fpwhH.

ma;ag;gDf;Ff; fsq;fk; Vw;gLj;jpa je;jpupia rpiwapy; js;Sq;fs; vd Njtrk; rig mikr;rH MNtrkhfg; NgrpAs;shH. je;jpupapd; NtiyiaAk; Njtrk; rig gwpj;J tpl;lJ.

“ehd;fhtJ khbf;Fr; nrd;wJk; xU miwapy; vd;idj; js;spf; fjit %bdH. vd; Milfis mtpo;j;Jtpl;L fl;bypy; js;spdH. gpd;dH> fWj;j epwj;jpy; ,Ue;j ngz;iz vdf;F mUNf js;sptpl;ldH. ,uz;L Ngupd; jiyfisr; NrHj;J itj;Jk; ehq;fs; fl;bg;gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L fplg;gJ NghyTk; Nghl;Nlh vLj;jdH. me;jg; ngz; xl;Lj;Jzp$l ,y;yhky; epHthzkhf ,Ue;jhH. ,uz;L epkplj;jpw;Fg; gpwF jpUk;g te;jhHfs.; Nghl;Nlhitf; fhl;b &.30 yl;rk; Nfl;ldH. Nfl;lijj; juhtpl;lhy; nfhd;WtpLNthk; vd;W kpul;bdH.

ehd; ,q;fpUe;J Nghdhy;jhd; gzk; juKbAk; vd;Nwd;. gzNkh> nrf;Nfh clNd ju Ntz;Lk; ,y;yhtpl;lhy; Nghl;Nlhit ntspapLNthk; vd;W kpul;bdhHfs;. vd;dplk; ,Ue;j nry;Nghd;> gpNu];nyl;> khiy> ,uj;jpd Nkhjpuq;fisg; gwpj;Jf;nfhz;L ntspNa tpl;ldH” vdg; Gyk;GfpwhH je;jpup!

fz;luU NkhfdU fhty;Jiwf;Ff; nfhLj;j Kiwg;ghl;by; $wpAs;s mLf;F khb FbapUg;gpy; RkhH 22 tPLfs; cs;sd. je;jpup milf;fg;gl;ljhff; $wpa me;j tPl;by; 2 ngz;fs; kl;LNk cs;sdH. ,tHfs; kPJ Vw;fdNt guj;jik tof;Ffs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;L ,Uf;fpd;wd.

Fwpg;gpl;l ,e;j tPl;bw;Ff; fle;j xU Mz;by; kl;Lk; RkhH 20 Kiwf;F Nky; je;jpup nrd;W ,Uf;fpwhH. RkhH xU kzp Neuj;Jf;F Nky; me;j tPl;Lf;Fs; mtH ,Ug;ghH. mjd; gpwNf ntspNa tUthuhk;. ePz;l ehs;fSf;Fg; gpwNf ,e;j tPl;Lf;F te;J nry;tJ rgupkiy je;jpup vd;gJ mf;fk; gf;fj;jhUf;Fj; njupate;Js;sJ.

,t;thW je;jpupapd; Kiwg;ghl;il tprhupj;j vHzhf;Fsk; fhty;Jiw njuptpf;fpwJ. ,jw;fhd Mjuhq;fs; midj;Jk; jw;NghJ jq;fsplk; cs;sjhf fhty;Jiw NkYk; nrhy;fpwJ.

me;j mLf;Fkhbf; FbapUg;gpy; je;jpupAld; fhzg;gl;l ngz; NrHj;jiyiar; NrHe;jtH. tpgrhu tof;fpy; Njtiu vd;w ,lj;jpy; ifJ nra;ag;gl;ltH. ,g;gbg;gl;l ngz; jdpahf trpf;Fk; FbapUg;gpy; je;jpupf;F vd;d Ntiy?

,Jgw;wpf; Nfus mwj;Jiw mikr;rH Rjhfud; $Wk;NghJ “rgupkiy tptfhuj;jpy; GjpJ Gjpjhf gy gpur;idfs; Kisf;fpd;wd. je;jpup kPjhd gaq;fu Fw;wr;rhl;L Nfus kf;fSf;Nf ngUj;j mjpHr;rpahf cs;sJ. Nfus fyhrhuj;ijNa mtH mtkhdg;gLj;jp tpl;lhH. ,J Fwpj;J Njtrk; rig Kiwahd tprhuiz elj;j Ntz;Lk;. mtiuf; ifJ nra;J rpiwapy; js;s Ntz;Lk;” Fwpg;gpl;lhH.

ebif n[akhyh ma;ag;gidj; njhl;Lf; Fk;gpl;ljhy; ma;ag;gDf;Fj; jPl;L vd;W nrhy;yp ngupa nghUl;nrytpy; gupfhuk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,g;NghJ je;jpupahy; ma;ag;gDf;F jPl;Lg;gl;Ltpl;ljhk;. mjw;Fk; gupfhuk; nra;ag;NghfpwhHfshk;!

,g;gb rgupkiy ma;ag;gd; Nfhtpiyg; gw;wp ntsptUk; nra;jpfs; cq;fSf;F vg;gbNah vdf;F me;j ehw;wk; tapw;iwf; Fkl;LfpwJ!

rgupkiyiar; Rw;wpAs;s fhL mopf;fg;gl;L mjd; #oy; khRgLjg; gl;Ltpl;lJ. mUfpy; XLk; gk;ig ejp Jha;ik ,oe;J Fspg;gjw;Ff; $l cjthky; Ngha;tpl;lJ. ma;ag;gd; ,q;Fjhd; fz;nlLf;fg;gl;lJ vd;W ,e;jg; gk;gh ejpf;fiuiaj;jhd; fhl;Lfpwhu;fs;.

rgupkiy ma;ag;gd; NfhapYf;F gf;jHfs; fhu;j;jpif khjj;jpypUe;J nry;yj; njhlq;Fthu;fs;. rgupkiyapd; mbthuj;jpy; jq;fp> gk;igapy; ,Ue;J 40 kpkP Jhuk; nrq;Fj;jhd kiyg;ghijapy; ele;J> gk;gh ejpapy; Fspj;J ma;ag;gdplk; ,UKbiaf; nfhLj;J tpl;Lj; jpUk;Gthu;fs;. tajhNdhH> ,ja Nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfs;> Rthrf; Nfhshwhy; mtjpg;gLNthH ngupJk; rpukg; gLfpd;wdH.

,tHfs; eyd;fUjp jpUthq;$H mwj;Jiw gk;ig - ePypkiyNaw;wk; mg;ghr;rp NkL - rgupkiy eilghjapy; 18 ,lq;fspy; capHf;fhw;W %r;R ikaq;fis mikj;Js;sJ.

,Jkl;Lky;y> capH fhf;Fk; kUe;Jfs;> ,ja Neha; kUj;JtHfs; vy;yhk; jahuhf itf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwjhk;. ma;ag;gdhy; vJTk; MfhJ Jsp$lg; gadpy;iy vd;gJ ,jpypUe;J njupatpy;iyah?

gf;ju;fs; Nghfpd;w topfspYk; jq;Ffpd;w ,lq;fspYk; fopg;giw trjpfs; vJTk; fpilahJ. thdNk $iuahff; fUjp ntl;lntspapy; vy;yhtw;iwAk; Kbj;Jf; nfhs;thu;fs;. Fspf;Fk; trjpAk; fpilahJ. kiyg; ghijapy; XLk; ePNuhilfspy; Fspj;Jf; fiuNaWthu;fs;.

gf;jHfs; gk;gh Mw;wpNyNa kyq; fopg;gij tof;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;shHfs;. Mw;wq;fiufspy; fhy; itf;fNt ,lk; ,y;yhky; mJ ntWk; kyf;fhlhfNt fhl;rp jUfpwJ. ePH Njq;Fk; ,lq;fspy; kyk; Njq;fp kpjf;fpwJ. .

ehd;F Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G vLf;fg;gl;l kjpg;gPl;bd;gb ,k;kyj;jpd; vil 12 Mapuk; njhd;fs;. gj;J njhd; vil xU ghuTe;jpy; Vw;wyhk; vd;why; vj;jid ghuTe;J kyk; vdf; fzf;F Nghl;Lf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

,e;j Mw;iwj;jhd; Gdpjk; vd epidj;J mjpy; ePuhl Mz;L NjhWk; xU Nfhbg; gf;jHfs; fhHj;jpif Kjy; ij tiu gilnaLf;fpwhu;fs;.

,e;j Mz;L (2006) rdtup 13 ,y; kfutpsf;F md;iwf;Fg; gk;gh ejpapd; ePiu khR fl;Lg;ghl;L thupak; Nrhjpj;Jg; ghu;j;Js;sJ. 100 kpy;yp ePupy; nghJNkdp 4 yl;rj;J 30 Mapuk; Ez;ZapHf; fpUkpfs; (coliform bacteria) fhzg;gl;ld! (tsUk;)

gf;jp te;jhy; Gj;jp Ngha;tpLk; vd;ghHfs;. rgupkiy ma;ag;g gf;jpAk; ,J Nghd;wJjhd;. gk;gh MW Fspg;gjw;Ff; $l cjthJ Jha;ik mw;Wg; Ngha;tpl;lJ vdf; Nfus khR fl;Lg;ghl;L thupak; nrhy;fpwJ.

xU ypl;lupy; 43 ,yl;rj;Jf;FNky; Ez;ZapHf; fpUkpfs; ,Uf;fpd;wdthk;. mDkjpf;fg;gl;l Ez;ZapHf; fpUkpfspd; msT 100 kpy;yp ePupy; 500 kl;LNk!

,yl;rf;fzf;fhd ypl;lu; jz;zPu; Xbf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; gk;gh ejpapy; Nfhbf;fzf;fpy; Ez;Zapu;f; fpUkpfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,e;j Neha;f; fpUkpfs; Flypy; typiaAk; NehiaAk; cz;lhf;ff; $bait. (The Hindu – October 09, 2006)

kjk; xU Nghij. flTs;> Nfhapy;> Fsk;> [Pthj;kh - gukhj;kh> eufk; - nrhHf;fk; Nghd;wit gf;jpg; Nghijia tpw;gid nra;ag; gad;gLk; trPfukhd jFLjj;jq;fs;! kdpj %isf;F tpyq;fpl;L kdpjid tpyq;fhfNt Mf;Fk; xU tif %isr; ryit!

Mdhy; ,itnay;yhk; ma;ag;g gf;jHfSf;F ciwf;fhJ. mtHfs; njhlHe;J “rhkpNa! ma;ag;gh” “fy;Yk; Ks;Sk; fhYf;F nkj;ij”vdf; ghbf; nfhz;Nl nrUg;Gf; fhy;fNshL kiy VWthHfs;!

,e;j ma;ag;gd; topghL jkpoHfSf;Fg; GjpJ. jkpoHfsJ kdk; Gjpa Gjpa flTsHfisj; NjLfpwJ. mt;thW Gjpa flTsHfisj; Njbajd; tpisNt Nfus ma;ag;gd; Gfo; VWtjw;Fk; jkpo;ehl;Lf; flTsH;fs; kjpg;G ,wq;Ftjw;Fk; fhuzkhapd.

,d;W kiyahs Me;jpuf; flTsHf;Ff; nfhz;lhl;lk; jkpo;ehl;Lf; flTsHf;Fj; jpz;lhl;lk; vd;whfptpl;lJ.

,e;jpahtpy; cs;s gzf;fhuf; flTshd jpUg;gjp VOkiyahDf;F Mz;nlhd;Wf;F 500 Nfhbf;F Nky; tUkhdk; tUfpwJ. VOkiyahid topgl ehs; NjhWk; 50>000 mbahHfs; kiy VWfpwhHfs;.

VOkiyahid ehSk; &gh 100 Nfhb ngWkjpahd jq;fk;> ituk;> it^upak;> kufjk;> khzpf;fk;> etuj;jpdk;> NfhNkjfk; Nghd;w tpiy caHe;j itu Mguzq;fis mzptpj;Jg; Gjpa gl;L Milahy; myq;fhuk; nra;fpwhHfs;. xt;nthd;Wk; 60 fpNyh vilAs;s ,yl;Lfs; VOkiyahDf;F xt;nthU ehSk; gilf;fg;gl;L gpd; mbahHfSf;F toq;fg;gLfpwJ.

VOkiyahdpd; epue;ju itg;G epjp 2835 Nfhbia vl;bAs;sjhk;. fle;j 2 Mz;Lfspy; &gh 500 Nfhb mjpfupj;Js;sJ.

VOkiyahdpd; Mz;L tuT - nryTj; jpl;lk; &gh 600 Nfhb. ,jpy; & 230 Nfhb epue;ju itg;G epjpapy; ,Ue;J fpilf;Fk; tl;b vd;fpwJ Njt];jhdk;.

cyfpy; ehs; NjhWk; kzpf;F xU jlit tq;fpapy; gzk; nrYj;Jk; xNu epWtdk; jpUkiy jpUg;gjp Njt];jhdk; kl;Lk;jhd;. nry;tr; nropg;gpy; tj;jpf;fDk; nkf;fhTk; jpUg;gjpiaf; fpl;l neUq;f KbahJ!

jpUg;gjp VOkiyahd; Nfhapy; jq;fj;jpd; ifapUg;ig cyfr; re;ijapy; ,wf;fptp;l;lhy; jq;fj;jpd; tpiy gLghjhsj;jpw;Fr; rupe;JtpLk;!

jpUg;gjp VOkiyahNdhL rgupkiy ma;ag;gid xg;gpl;lhy; gpd;dtH “Vio”jhd;. Mz;L tUkhdk; 75 Nfhb kl;LNk. ,Ue;Jk; Nfus muR rgupkiy ma;ag;gid fhR fha;f;Fk; kukhfg; ghHf;fpwJ.

,jdhy; KjYf;F Nkhrk; te;Jtplf; $lhJ vd vz;zp rgupkiy ma;ag;gd; Nfhtpiy &.30 Nfhbf;F jpUtpjhq;$u; Njt];jhd thupak; fhg;GWjp nra;Js;sJ.

,Jjtpu Nfhtpy; eiffs;> tpiy cau;e;j nghUl;fSk; &gh 5 Nfhbf;Ff; fhg;GWjp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.

ma;ag;g gf;ju;fSf;Fk; fhg;GWjp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. fPo; epyf;fy; gFjpapypUe;J rd;dpjhdk; tiuapyhd 18 fpkP njhiytpyhd ghijapy; tUk; gf;jHfSf;F tpgj;jpdhy; fhak; my;yJ capu;r; Nrjk; Vw;gl;lhy; mtu;fSf;F &.1 yl;rk; fhg;gPl;Lj; njhif toq;fg;gLk;.

,NjNghy rgupkiyapy; gzpapy; <Lgl;bUf;Fk; Njt];jhd kw;Wk; muR Copau;fs; ,wf;f Neupl;lhy; mtu;fsJ FLk;gj;Jf;F &. 1.5 ,yl;rk; fhg;gPl;Lj; njhifahf fpilf;Fk;. ,e;j tpgj;Jf; fhg;gPl;Lj; jpl;lj;jpw;F kl;Lk; Mz;Lf; fl;lzk; &gh 14.75 ,yl;rk; MFk;.

,e;j ma;ag;grhkp Ntlk; g+z;lhy; 48 ehs; ey;y czT fpilf;Fk;. tPl;by; ahUk; jpl;lkhl;lhHfs;. rhkp.. rhkp.. vd;W ey;y kupahij NtW. ,tw;why; nghWg;gw;w FLk;gj; jiytHfSk; CH Rw;Wk; ,isQHfSk; ma;ag;gd; rhkpf;F khiy Nghl;Lf; nfhz;L kiy VWfpwhhHfs;.

“,g;NghJ vd;dplk; ve;jf; nfl;l gof;fq;fSk; ,y;iy. kr;r khkprk; Fb vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; ma;ag;gd; mUshy; KOf;Fg; Nghl;L tpl;Nld;” vd;whH. xUtH ahUila mUshy; my;yJ Jhz;Ljyhy; jpUe;jpdhYk; mJ tuNtw;ff;$baNj! vdf;F mwtw;w kfpo;r;rp. Mdhy; me;j kfpo;r;rp mjpfehs; ePbf;ftpy;iy. ,d;ndhU ehs; mtiug; ghHj;jNghJ kdpjH jz;zPupy; js;shbf; nfhz;bUe;jhH!

rKjhaj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; gpugyq;fs;jhd; Nrhjplk; Nghd;w %lek;gpf;iff;F nea;A+w;wp tsHf;fpwhHfs;.

fle;j nehntk;gH 28; md;W tl ,e;jpa ebfu; mkpjhg; gr;rd;> n[ah gr;rd;> kfd; mgpN\f; gr;rd;> kfs; RNtjh> ebif ma;];tu;ah uha;> rkh[;thbf; fl;rpapd; nghJr;nrayH mkH rpq;> thuzhrp NfhapYf;Fj; jpBnud;W NghdhHfs;. mgpN\f; - ma;];tHah uha; ,UtUk; kzf;Nfhyj;jpy; nrd;wjhy; mtu;fs; jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhz;ljhff; fij gutpaJ. mtHfisg; ghHf;f $l;lk; miy NkhjpaJ. mtHfSf;F fhty;Jiw gyj;j ghJfhg;G mspj;jJ.

Kjypy; rq;fl; Nkhr;rd; NfhtpYf;Fr; nrd;W gy;NtW G+irfis elj;jpdu;. gpd; mq;fpUe;J rpwpJ J}uj;jpy; cs;s fhrp tp];tehju; NfhapYf;Fr; nrd;wdH. mq;F =fhe;j; jpupghjp jiyikapy; 11 mu;r;rfu;fs; rpwg;G mgpNrf G+irfs; nra;jdu;. ,ijaLj;J kq;fs Muj;jp G+ir ele;jJ. ,jpy; gr;rd; FLk;gj;jpdUk; ma;];tu;ahTk; fye;J nfhz;L gagf;jpAld; rhkpia topgl;ldu;. gpd;du; ghu;tjp Njtp NfhtpYf;F nrd;w gr;rd; FLk;gj;jpdu; mq;Fk; topghL elj;jpdu;. mq;fpUe;j mu;r;rfu; I];tu;ahtpd; new;wpapy; Fq;Fkj;ij ,l;lhu;. mg;NghJ I];tu;ah gagf;jpAld; jiyiaf; Fdpe;J mjid Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhu;. mgpN\f;fpd; tyJ ifia ma;];tu;ah gpbj;jpUe;jhu;. ,J> mgpN\f;Fk; ma;];tu;ahTk; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;sg; Nghtjhf Ngrg;gLk; nra;jpia cWjpg; gLj;JtJ Nghy; ,Ue;jJ>

fhrp tp];tehju; Nfhapypy; G+iria Kbj;Jtpl;L es;spuT 2.40 kzpf;F ntspNa te;jdu;. cldbahf mkpjhg;Gk; mtuJ FLk;gj;jhH xU tz;bapYk; ma;];tu;ah uha;> mgpN\f; gr;rd; ,d;ndhU tz;bapYk; Vwp Kk;igf;Fg; Gwg;gl;ldu;.

mgpN\f; - ma;];tu;ahTf;Fj; jpUkzk; elf;ftpy;iy. gpd; Vd; ,e;j G+ir> mgpNrfk;> kzf;Nfhyk;? jpUkzj; jilfis ePf;Ftjw;fhfNt ,e;j topghL elj;jg;gl;ljhf mHr;rfHfs; njuptpj;jhHfs;. Kd;djhf gr;rd; FLk;gj;jpdu; gpugy Nrhjplu; re;jpukTyp cgj;ahahit re;jpj;Jg; Ngrpdu;. gr;rd; FLk;gj;jpdu; NfhtpYf;F Vd; te;jhHfs; vd;gij mtH tpsf;fpdhH. “ma;];tu;ahtpd; [hjfj;jpy; rpy Njh\q;fs; ,Ue;jd. Fwpg;ghf nrt;tha; Njh\k; ,Ue;jJ. mjid ePf;f rpwg;G G+ir topghL elj;jpdhy; ey;yJ vd;W MNyhrid $wpNdd;;” vd;whu;.

trjpAk; tha;g;Gk; nry;tKk; nry;thf;Fk; tha;e;j Nkl;Lf;FbapdNu rhjfj;jpy; nrt;tha; Njh\k; ,Uf;fpwJ vd ek;gp mjid ePf;f G+ir mgpNrf topghL nra;Ak; NghJ kw;wtHfs; rhjfj;ij ek;Gtij vg;gbj; jLf;f Kbak;?

nrt;tha; Nfhs; GtpNahL xg;gpLk; NghJ ehypy;; xU gq;F msT cs;sJ. Nkw;jiu nrq;Fj;jhd gs;sj;jhf;Ffs;> vupkiy> gdpj;JUtq;fs; nfhz;lJ. mjd; tpl;lk; 6>794 fpkP fy; ePsk;. top kz;lyj;jpy; 95.32 tpOf;fhL fupkythA> 2.7 tpOf;fhL ePufk; cilaJ. ntg;gk; -305 ghud;ifl; (-187 nry;rpa];).

jd;idj;jhNd Rw;w vLf;Fk; fhyk; 24 kzp> 38 kzpj;Jsp> 23 tpehb. jd;idj;jhNd Rw;Wk; Ntfk; tpehbf;F 24.13 fpkP. Qhapiwr; Rw;wp tu vLf;Fk; fhyk; 687 Gtp ehs;fs;. Gtpapy; ,Ue;J nghJNkdp njhiyT 56.00 kpy;ypad; fpkP (35.00 kpy;ypad; fy;) MFk;. Gtpapy; cq;fs; vil 200 fpNyh vd;why; nrt;thapy; cq;fs; vil 75.4 fpNyh kl;LNk!

Gtpapy; ,Ue;J 56.00 kpy;ypad; fpkP (5.6 Nfhb fpkP) njhiytpy; cs;s nrt;tha;f; NfhSf;F thuzhrpapy; cs;s fhrp tpRtehjH Myaj;jpy; G+ir nra;jhy; Njhrk; ePq;fptpLkh? ke;jpuq;fSf;F me;jsT Mw;wy; ,Uf;fpwjh? ke;jpuj;jhy; xU khq;fhiaf; $l tpOj;j KbahJ vdg; gonkhopNa ,Uf;fpwNj!

rhjfj;jpd; gb nrt;tha; Njhrk; vy;NyhUf;Fk; cz;L. Mdhy; mJ 7 ,y; my;yJ 8 ,y; (tPLfs;) ,Ue;jhNy NrhjplHfs; kpfTk; nfl;l Njhrk; vd;fpwhHfs;. mJTk; ghgg;gl;l ngz;fSf;F nrt;tha; Njhrk; ,Ue;jhy; mtHfsJ jpUkzk; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,d;ndhU nrt;tha; Njhrk; cs;s khg;gps;isiaj; Njbg; ngz; tPl;lhH nrUg;Gj; Nja miya Ntz;bAs;sJ.

kdpjNd nrt;thapd; epwj;ijg; ghHj;J mjw;F nrt;tha; vd;W ngaupl;l gpwF rptg;G epwk; FUjpiar; Rl;Ltjhy; mjidg; NghHf; flTs; vd mjid topgLtJk; mjid xU ghg fpufk; vd;W Kj;jpiu Fj;JtJk; vt;tsT Kl;lhs;jdk; vd;gij jkpoHfs; vz;zpg; ghHg;gjpy;iy. gy;fiyf; fofj;jpy; gl;lk; thq;fpa je;ijkhNu nrt;tha; Njhrk; cs;s jq;fsJ kfsJ rhjfj;ijj; Jhf;fpf; nfhz;L CH Cuha; khg;gps;is Njbg; Ngaha; ehaha; miyfpwhHfs;!

XH MZk; xU ngz;Zk; ,iztjw;Fj; njhy;fhg;gpaH gj;Jg; nghUj;jq;fisr; nrhy;fpwhH. mtH 2>500 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH nrhd;dJ ,d;Wk; gFj;jwpTf;Fg; nghUj;jkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. Mdhy; Nrhjplk; nrhy;Yk; 10-12 nghUj;jq;fs; %lek;gpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy; nrhy;yg;gLgit. jpUkzg; nghUj;jk; ghHg;gjpy; cs;s Kl;lhs;j;jdj;ij gpd;dH tpupthf vOJNtd;.

thuzhrpapy; kl;Lky;y cs;SHf; Nfhtpy;fspYk; nrt;tha; Njhrj;ij ePf;fg; G+ir> mgpNrfk; nra;Ak; NghJ ehrh (NASA) epWtdk; nrt;tha;f; NfhSf;F mDg;gpa Mars Global Surveyor vd;w tpz;fyk; nrt;thapy; jz;zPH mupj;Njhba kiy ,Lf;Ffisg; (gullies) glk;gpbj;J Gtpf;F mDg;gpAs;sJ! ,e;j tpz;fyk; fle;j 10 Mz;Lfshf nrt;tha;f; Nfhis tyk; te;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.

,e;jf; fz;L gpbg;G nrt;thapy; capupdq;fs; ,Uf;ff; $ba tha;g;ig mjpfupj;Js;sJ. thdpayhsHfs; xU fhyj;jpy; nrt;tha;f; Nfhspy; ngupa Vupfs; ,Ue;jjw;Fk; mjd; JUtq;fspy; ciwgdpahy; %lg;gl;Ls;sijAk; mq;F jz;zPH ePHk (jptu) tbtj;jpy; (liquid) ,Ug;gjw;Fk; cs;s rhd;Wfisf; fz;L gpbj;Js;shHfs;.

ehrh thdpayhsHfs; 1999 Mk; Mz;L nrt;tha;f; Nfhisg; glk; gpbj;j NghJ mjd; jiu ,Ue;j Nfhyj;ijAk; 2006 Mz;L mNj nrt;tha;f; Nfhisg; glk; gpbj;j NghJ fhzg;gl;l jiuapd; Nfhyj;ijAk; xg;gpl;Lg; ghHj;J ,ilapy; Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fisf; ftdpj;jhHfs;. mtHfs; ,uz;L epyf;Fopr; RtHfspy; ,Ue;J jz;zPH gPwpl;Lf; fPo;Nehf;fpg; gs;sj;jpy; gha;e;jpUg;gijf; fz;lhHfs;. mg;gbg; gha;e;j jz;zPH gy EhW kPl;lUf;F fdpg;nghUs; tz;liy (mineral deposits) tpl;Lr; nrd;Ws;sJ. (,e;J – 08-12-2006)

,J kl;Lky;y. 2020 Mk; Mz;lstpy; ehrh epyhtpd; njd;JUtj;jpy; tpz;ntsp tPuHfisf; nfhz;l xU FbNaw;wj;ij epWTk; jpl;lj;ij mwptpj;Js;sJ. QhapW kz;lyj;ij Ma;T nra;tjw;F ,J Kjy; mb vd ehrh thdpayhsHfs; nrhy;fpwhHfs;. njhlf;fj;jpy; ehd;F ehd;F NgH nfhz;l FO xU fpoik epyhtpy; KfhkpLk;. mijj; njhlHe;J ePz;l nryTfs; (gazq;fs;) Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. Kbtpy; kpd;rf;jp kw;Wk; Njitahd toq;fy;fs; (supplies) nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;lJk; mq;F tpz;ntsp tPuHfs; epue;jukhfj; jq;fp tpLthHfs;! mq;fpUe;J nfhz;L nrt;tha;f; NfhSf;F tpz;tPuHfs; mDg;Gk; ePz;l fhyj; jpl;lj;ijAk; ehrh jPl;b itj;jpUf;fpwJ! ,e;jj; jpl;lq;fSf;F MFk; nryit ntspapl ehrh kWj;J tpl;lJ. cUrpahTk; ,e;jj; jpl;lj;jpy; NrHe;J nfhs;s Mtyhf cs;sJ. (USA Today – 4-12-2006)

,jw;fpilapy; gy mnkupf;f epWtdq;fs; epyhtpd; jiuia mse;J Jz;L Jz;lhf fhzpfis tpw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. fdlhtpy; ntspahFk; National Post vd;w ehNsL xU epWtdj;Jf;F 10 nlhyH nfhLj;J epyhtpy; fhzp thq;fpAs;sJ! ,Jtiu 11 ,yl;rk; NgH epyhtpy; 300 kpy;ypad; Vf;fH epyg;gug;ig thq;fpAs;sjhfTk; tha;g;ig eOt tplhky; ePq;;fSk; clNd thq;Fq;fs; vd;W ,iza jsj;jpy; epiwag; NgH tpsk;guk; nra;fpwhHfs;!

mwptpay;> mnkupf;fHfis epyhtpy; ,wf;fpaJ. mNj mwptpay; fz;L gpbj;j tpz;fyq;fs; ,g;NghJ nrt;thia Ma;T nra;a mjid tyk; te;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. mLj;J epyhtpy; epue;jukhf FbapUg;Gf;fis cUthf;fp mq;fpUe;J nrt;tha;f; Nfhspy; kdpjHfis ,wf;f mwptpay; Kaw;rpf;fpwJ! jkpoHfNsh nrt;tha; rdp Njhrk; ePq;f etf;fpufq;fis tyk; te;J nfhz;bUf;fpwhHfs;! ,e;j Nrhfj;ij ahuplk; nrhy;yp mOtJ?

vd Ehwhz;LfSf;F Kd;dH tho;e;j ghl;Lf;nfhU Gytd; ghujp fdT fz;lhd;. me;jf; fdit jkpod; epidthf;ftpy;iy. ,j;jhyp ehl;L khHf;Nfhdp; (Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937) ghujp fz;l fdit epidthf;fpdhH. 1901 ,y; thndhypiaf; fz;Lgpbj;jhH! (tsUk;)

Gj;jH xU kjthjpay;y. mtH xU gFj;jwpTthjp. flTs; ,Ug;gij Neubahf ,y;yhky; vjpHkiwahf kWj;jtH. Md;kh cz;nld;gij kWj;jtH. ,Ue;Jk; ,e;J kjj;jpd; nry;thf;fhy; Gj;jH flTshf;fg;gl;L tpl;lhH. mtH Nghjid kjkhfptpl;lJ. mtH Ngupy; tpfhiufs;> rlq;Ffs;> fw;gid fye;j ghl;bf; fijfs; vOjp itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. cz;ikahd Gj;jH nrhd;d gFj;jwpTf; fUj;Jf;fis vy;NyhUk; Cd;wpg; gbf;f Ntz;Lk;. gbj;j gpd;dH mtw;wpy; cz;ikapUe;jhy; mtw;iwg; gpd;gw;wp xOf Ntz;Lk;.

Nfhl;ghLfs; jiyKiw jiyKiwahff; ifaspf;fg;gl;L te;jpUg;gjhy; kl;Lk; mjid ek;gp
tplhNj!

vy;yhtw;iwAk; gFj;Jg; ghH. rpe;jpj;Jg; ghH. mjd; tpisthf Vw;gLk KbT gFj;jwpNthL nghUe;jp tUkhdhy;> mJ ed;ik gaf;FNkahdhy; mjid Vw;Wf;nfhz;L mjd;ggb thof; fw;Wf;nfhs;!

Gj;jH ,t;thW gFj;jwpTf;F tiutpyf;fzk; tFj;J 2>500 Mz;Lfs; Mfptpl;ld. Gj;jH kdpjdJ tho;f;if mtd; nra;Ak; ey;tpid jPtpidf;F Vw;g mikANkad;wp thdj;J el;rj;jpuq;fshy; my;y vdr; nrhd;dhH. gTj;j NjuHfs; gpf;Fzpfs; mjid ek;gNth> gapyNth njhopyhff; nfhs;sNth $lhJ vd mwpTWj;jp ,Uf;fpwhH. ,d;W rpy NjuHfNs NrhjplHfshf khwpg; gyd; nrhy;tJ Nrhfe;jhd;!

Gj;jiug; NghyNt ts;StUk; mwpTlik vd;w mjpfhuj;jpy; vg;nghUis ahH ahH $wf; Nfl;lhYk; mg;nghUspd; cz;ikiaf; fhz;gNj mwpT vd;fpwhH.

jkpofj;jpy; ,Ue;J tUk; nra;jpfs; vj;jid Gj;jHfs;> vj;jid ts;StHfs; vj;jid ngupahHfs; te;jhYk; jkpoHfisj; jpUj;jNt KbahJ Nghy; ,Uf;fpwJ.

“cd;dhy; tPl;Lf;F f\;lk;” Nrhjplu; nrhd;dij ek;gp nrd;id mz;zh efiur; NrHe;j fy;Y}up khztu; xUtH tPl;il tpl;L Xbtpl;lhH. Rk;kh Xltpy;iy xU cUf;fkhd fbjj;ij vOjpitj;J tpl;L XbapUf;fpwhH.

nrd;id Nfhak;NgL Fkud; efu; Kf;fpa njUtpy; tho;gtu; khzpf;fk; (50). ,tUila 2 MtJ kfd; itutngUkhs; (21) tsruthf;fj;jpYs;s vk;[pMH Catering fy;Y}upapy; 2 Mk; Mz;L gbj;J te;jhu;.

fle;j khjk; 22 Mk; ehs; fhiy fy;Y}upf;Fr; nrd;w itutngUkhs; kPz;Lk; tPL jpUk;gtpy;iy. cwtpdu;fs;> ez;gu;fspd; tPLfspy; NjbAk; fpilf;fhj epiyapy; itutngUkhspd; miwapy; xU fbjj;ij khzpf;fk; fz;nlLj;jhu;. me;jf; fbjj;jpy; itutngUkhs; vOjpapUg;gjhtJ:

“Nrhrpauplk; FLk;g epiyikiaf; $wp vd; rhjfj;ijf; nfhLj;Njd;. “vd; Nky; fz;lk; cs;sJ’’ vd;W $wpdhu;. vd;Dila 20 MtJ taJf;F Nky; ek; FLk;gj;jpYs;s midtUf;Fk; fz;lq;fs; tUk; vd;Wk; $wpdhu;. mij ehd; ek;gtpy;iy. Mdhy; vd; 20 MtJ taJ Kbe;j ma;e;Nj khjj;jpy; Vfg;gl;l e\;lk; te;jijf; fz;Nld;. Mjyhy; ehd; midtiuAk; tpl;Lr; nry;fpNwd;. vd;idj; NjlhjPu;fs;. ehd; tl,e;jpah nry;fpNwd;. Mdhy; epr;rak; xUehs; jpUk;GNtd;. ,wg;gjw;Fs; cq;fis te;J ghu;j;J tpl;Lj;jhd; ,wg;Ngd;. vy;yhk; ed;ikf;Nf.’’

fbjj;ij Nfhak;NgL fhty; epiyaj;jpy; xg;gilj;J khzpf;fk; Kiwg;ghL nra;jhu;. fhty;Jiw mjpfhupfs; tof;Fg; gjpT nra;J tprhuiz elj;jp tUfpd;wdu;.

fy;Yhupapy; gbf;Fk; xU khztDf;Fr; Nrhjplj;jpy; vg;gb ek;gpf;if te;jJ? rhjfj;ij Nrhjpluplk; fhl;l Ntz;ba mtrpak; mtruk; vd;d? FLk;g #o;epiyjhd; fhuzkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

rhjfj;ijg; ghHj;J “cd; Nky; fz;lk; cs;sJ. 20 MtJ mfitf;F Nky; midtUf;Fk; fz;lk; tUk; vd;W $wpdhH. mjid ehd; ek;gtpy;iy. Mdhy; vd; 20 MtJ taJ Kbe;j ma;e;Nj khjj;jpy; Vfg;gl;l e\;lk; te;jijf; fz;Nld;” vd;W me;j khztd; epidj;jJjhd; jtW. mJ fhfk; ,Uf;f gdk; gok; tpOe;j fij (fhfjhypak;) Nghd;wJ. khztd; FLk;gk; eype;j FLk;gk; Mf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjdhy;jhd; rhjfj;ijj; Jhf;fpf; nfhz;L Nrhjpluplk; XbapUf;fpwhd;!

xUtUila rhjfj;ij itj;J mtuJ gyd;fis nrhy;yyhk;. xUtUila rhjfj;ij itj;J kw;wtHfSila gyd;fisr; vg;gbr; nrhy;y KbAk;? mJ rhj;jpakh? Mdhy; NrhjplHfs; mg;gbj;jhd; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhHfs;. ,g;gbr; nrhy;yp gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd kf;fsJ tho;f;ifia ehrk; nra;J tpLfpwhHfs;.

NrhjplH xUtH “cdf;F 25 tajpy; fz;lk;” vd;W nrhd;dhy; me;jg; gak; fhuzkhfNt rhjfH capiu tpl;Lr; NrhjpluJ M&lj;ij EhW tpOf;fhL nka;g;gpj;J tpLthH! mjid Mq;fpyj;jpy; ‘self-induced suicide’ vd cstpayhsHfs; tUzpg;ghHfs;.

Kd;dH ebfH u[pdp ,kakiyf;f ahj;jpiu Ngha; ghghit juprpj;J MrPHthjk; ngw;W tUtijg; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;Njd;.

,g;NghJ rpth[p glg;gpbg;G Kbe;jJk; kPz;Lk; ,kakiyf;Fr; nrd;W ghghitr; re;jpf;fg; Nghfpwhuhk;. nrd;w Kiw NghdNghJjhd; ghth fij gpwe;jJ. mijg; glkhf;fp ifiar; Rl;Lf; nfhz;lhH. ,k;Kiw mg;gbahd tpgj;J xd;Wk; elf;fhJ ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;!

,e;j mz;lk; ePsk;> mfyk;> cauk; vd;Dk; %d;W msTfSk; fhyk; vdg;gLk; XH msTk; Mf nkhj;jk; ehd;F mstPLfs; (Four dimensional Space - Time) nfhz;ljhFk; vd;gij Kd;dH (mj;jpahak; 2) ghHj;Njhk;.

,t;tz;lj;jpd; Muk; (radius) 35>000>000>000> xsp Mz;Lfs; (336 Nfhb Nfhb fpkP) MFk;. Muj;jpd; ePsj;ij itj;Jf; nfhz;L mz;lj;jpd; tpl;lk;> rw;wsT> Gwg;gug;G Mfpatw;iw ePq;fNs fzf;fplyhk;.

mz;lj;jpd; tbtk; xU ,l;yp tbtj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwjhk;! mjhtJ eLtpy; gUj;Jk; tpspk;gpy; rw;W nkype;Jk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

Nrhjpl rhj;jpuk; xd;gJ Nfhs;fspy; (etf;fpufq;fspy;) xd;whd Qhapiwf; (#upaid) Nfhs;fs; gl;baypy; NrHj;jpUg;gJ rupay;y. QhapW Nfhsy;y - mJ Ra xsp gilj;j xU tpz;kPd; MFk;. jpq;fs; (re;jpud;) Nfhsy;y - mJ Gtpiar; Rw;wptUk; xU Jizf; Nfhs; MFk;. ,y;iy mJ Nfhs;jhd; vd;W thjpl;lhy; tpahoidr; Rw;wptUk; 45 Jizf; Nfhs;fisAk; rdpiar; Rw;wp tUk; 31 Jizf; Nfhs;fisAk; Nrhjplf; fzpg;gpy; NrHf;f Ntz;Lk;. mJNt Kiw> mJNt tha;ik MFk;. Vd; NrhjplHfs; mtw;iwr; NrHf;ftpy;iy?

,t;thNw 27 el;rj;jpuq;fSf;Fk; cUtk; fw;gpj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf m];tpdp el;rj;jpuk; Fjpiu Kfk; MFk;.

xd;gJ Nfhs;fspy; ,uhf NfJ vd;w Nfhs;fs; fw;gidf; Nfhs;fs;. mt;thwhd Nfhs;fs; thdj;jpy; ,y;iy. Nkw;Fyf Nrhjplj;jpy; ,uhF NfJ vdf; Nfhs;fs; ,y;iy.

NkNy $wpathW #upad; Nfhs; my;y. epyh Nfhs; my;y. ,e;jf’ fpufq;fSf;Fr; nrhy;yg;gLk; Fzhk;rq;fs; mjd; cUtj;Jf;Fr; nrhd;d Fzhk;rq;fs;. cs;slf;fj;jpw;Fr; nrhd;d Fzhk;rq;fy; my;y. fpufq;fis Mz; ngz; myp vd;W gpupg;gJk; Rg fpufk; ghg fpufk; vd;W gpupg;gJk; NrhjplHfsJ gps;is tpisahl;Nl!

fpufq;fspy; FU> Rf;fpud;> Gjd;> tsHgpiwr; re;jpud; Mfpait Rgfpufq;fs; vd;Wk; #upad;> mq;ffhud;> rdp> uhF> NfJ> Nja;gpiwr; re;jpud; ghg fpufq;fs; vd;Wk; NfhjplHfs; tFj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;.

Nrhjplk; fpufq;fis ghy; mbg;gilapy; Mz;> ngz;> myp vdg; gpupf;fpwJ. tHz mbg;gilapy; gpuhkzd;> rj;jpupad;> itrpfd;> #j;jpud; vdg; gpupf;fpwJ. Rg fpUfq;fshd FU> Rf;fpud; gpuhkzDf;Fk; ghg fpufkhd rdp #j;jpud; (jkpoH- #j;jpuH) vd;Wk; gFf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; #l;Rkj;ijf; ftdpAq;fs;. mg;gbf; ftdpj;jhy; ,e;jr; Nrhjplj;Jf;Fk; jkpoHfSf;Fk; njhlHgpy;iy vd;gijAk; Vkhe;j jkpod; jiyapy; ahNuh kpsfha; miuj;J tpl;lhHfs; vd;gijAk; czHtPHfs;. (tsUk;)

Gul;rpf; ftpQH ghujpjhrd;;; Kilehw;wk; tPRfpd;w %lj;jdj;ij jkpo; rKjhaj;jpy; ,Ue;J xopj;Jg; gFj;jwpitg; gug;gg; ghly; ,aw;wpatH. ghujpapd; rKjhag; gul;rpia Kd;ndLj;jtH. Mz; Foe;ij jhyhl;L> ngz; Foe;ij jhyhl;L vd;w ,uz;L ghly;fis ,aw;wpAs;shH. mjpy; ngz; Foe;ijf;Fg; ghba jhyhl;Lg; ghl;il ,t;thW Kbj;jpUf;fpwhH.

jkpo; rKjhaj;jpy; epyTk; %l ek;gpf;iffshy; Mz;fistpl ngz;fNs mjpfk; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwhHfs;. nrt;tha; Njhrk; cs;s Mizfis tpl nrt;tha; Njhrk; cs;s ngz;fs; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;tJ jilgLfpwJ. ,g;NghJ ,e;jr; nra;jpiag; gbAq;fs;.

rpj;jpiu khjj;jpy; ngz; Foe;ij gpwe;jhy; jpUkzk; jilgLk; vd;w %l ek;gpf;ifahy; gj;J khj gr;rpsk; ngz; Foe;ijiag; ghypy; eQ;R fye;J nfhLj;J nfhd;w jhia fhty;Jiw ifJ nra;Js;sJ. NtYhH khtl;lk; mizf;fl;L mUNf cs;s fPo;nfhj;JhH CH nfhy;iyNkL gFjpiar; NrHe;jtH tpehafk;. ,tuJ kidtp ,yl;Rkp (mfit 21) jhd; fiyaurp vd;w jdJ gj;J khjf; Foe;ijf;F G+r;rpf; nfhy;yp kUe;ijg; ghypy; fye;J Foe;ijf;Ff; nfhLj;Jf; nfhd;wpUf;fpwhH. mtH jdJ thf;F%yj;jpy; $wpapUg;gjhtJ:

“vd;Dila Foe;ij fiyaurp rpj;jpiu khjk; gpwe;jhs;. rpj;jpiu khjk; gpwe;j ngz; Foe;ijf;F vjpu;fhyj;jpy; jpUkzk; jilgLk; vd;W cwtpdu;fSk;> Cupy; cs;stu;fSk; $wpdu;. ,jdhy; ehDk;> vd; fztUk; kpFe;j Ntjid mile;Njhk;. vdNt> Foe;ijiaf; nfhd;Wtpl KbT nra;Njd;. fle;j rpy ehs;fSf;F Kd;> vd; fztUk; khkdhUk; rgupkiyf;Fr; nrd;wdu;. Foe;ijiaf; nfhiy nra;a Vw;nfdNt jpl;lkpl;bUe;jjhy;> G+r;rpf;nfhy;yp kUe;ijj; jahuhf itj;jpUe;Njd;. mijg; ghypy; fye;J Foe;ijf;Ff; nfhLj;Njd;. gpd;du;> vJTk; njupahjJ-Nghy; khkpahUld; Gy; mWf;f taYf;Fr; nrd;W tpl;Nld;. Mdhy;> G+r;rpf; nfhy;yp kUe;J Nghj;jypy; gjpthfpapUe;j vd; ifNuif vd;idf; fhl;bf; nfhLj;J tpl;lJ.”

rpj;jpiuapy; gpwe;j Foe;ijf;F jpUkzk; jilgLk; vd;gjw;F mwptpay; mbg;gilapy; ve;jtpj rhd;Wk; ,y;iy. khjq;fSf;F ngaH itj;jNj kdpjd;jhd;. gpd;dH Vd; jhd; itj;j ngaiuf; fz;L kpus;fpwhHfs;? ngw;w Foe;ijiaf; nfhy;Yk; msTf;F ntwp nfhs;fpwhHfs;?

kdpj ,dk; vLj;j vLg;gpNyNa ehfupfk; mile;J tpltpy;iy. ehfupfk; vd;gJ mwptpay; Jiwapy; Vw;gl;l my;yJ Vw;gl;L tUk; xU gbKiw tsHr;rpahFk;. ,d;iwa ehfupf tsHr;rpia miltjw;F kdpjDf;F gy;yhapuk; Mz;Lfs; vLj;jd.

gz;ila fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j kf;fsJ tho;f;ifia ,uT gfy;> tsHgpiw Nja;gpiw kw;Wk; gUtq;fs; Ml;rp nra;jd. QhapW> Gtp kw;Wk; epyh Mfpatw;wpd; mirtpd; mbg;gilapNyNa fhyq;fs; fzpf;fg;gl;ld.

vdNt ,d;iwa ehs;fhl;bapd; tuyhW thdpay;> Gtp> QhapW kw;Wk; jpq;fs; (re;jpud;) Mfpatw;NwhL njhlq;FfpwJ. ,d;Dk; tpsf;fkhfr; nrhy;yg;Nghdhy; ehs;fhl;bapd; tuyhW xU ehs;> xU jpq;fs; (lunar month) xU Mz;L Mfpatw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; njhlq;FfpwJ.

Kw;fhyj;jpy; vy;yh ehl;L kf;fSk; re;jpudpd; tsHgpiw Nja;gpiw ,uz;ilAk; itj;Nj fhyj;ijf; fzf;fpl;lhu;fs;. re;jpud; jkpopy; jpq;fs; vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. jpq;fs;> khjk; vdTk; nghUs; jUjy; fhz;f. ,t;thNw Mq;fpyj;jpy; moon vd;w nrhy;ypy; ,Ue;J month vd;w nrhy; gpwe;jJ. ,d;iwf;Fk; K];ypk;fs;; re;jpuid itj;Nj Mz;ilf; fzf;fpLfpwhHfs;. A+jHfs; Mz;il Gtp Qhapiwr; Rw;wptUk; fhyj;jpd; mbg;gilapYk; khjq;fis epyh Gtpiar; Rw;wptUk; fhyj;jpd; mbg;gilapYk; fzf;fpLfpwhHfs;. kw;nwy;N;yhUk; R+upaid mbg;gilaha; itj;Nj fhyj;ijf; fzpf;fpwhu;fs;.

vfpg;jpaH njhlf;f fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj Qhapwpd; mirit itj;Nj Mz;ilf; fzf;fpl;lhHfs;. vfpg;jpaHfs; xt;nthd;Wk; 30 ehs;nfhz;l 12 khjq;fis itj;jpUe;jhHfs;. ,Wjp khjj;jpy; NkYk; 5 ehs;fis $l;bdhHfs;. ,e;j 5 ehs;fSk; vfpg;jpaHfsJ flTsiu topglg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

Gtp jd;idj;jhNd Rw;Wk; fhyj;ij itj;Nj ehs; fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ. ,J mz;zsthf 24 kzpahFk;. mJ NghyNt Gtp Qhapiwr; Rw;wptu vLf;Fk; fhyj;jpd; mbg;gilapNyNa Mz;L fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ. epyh Mz;Lf;fhyk; Qhapiwtpl FiwthdJ. ,jdhy; jhd; ,uk;ohd; Nehd;G xt;nthU Mz;Lk; 10 - 11 ehs;fs; Ke;jp tUfpwJ.

Gtpapd; Rw;Wg; ghijapy; xU Gs;spapy; ,Ue;J kWgbAk; me;jr; Rw;Wg;ghijapy; mNj Gs;spapy; tUk; fhyj;ij XH Mz;L vd;W fzf;fpl;lhHfs;. ,e;jg; Gs;sp vkJ fz;fhl;rpf;F QhapW tpz;eLf;Nfhl;il (celestial equator) flf;Fk; NghJ ntl;Lk; ,lkhFk;. Mz;by; ,UKiw QhapW ,t;thW eLf;Nfhl;il ntl;LfpwJ. mg;NghJ ,uTk; gfYk; rkkhf ,Uf;Fk;. xU Mz;by; nghJNkdp 365.242190 ehs;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.

epyh> KOepyhtpy; ,Ue;J mLj;j KOepyh tiu cs;s fhyj;ij re;jpu khjk; vd;W mioj;jhHfs;. ,J nghJNkdp 29.5305889 ehs;fs; MFk;. xU ntg;gkz;ly Mz;by; (Tropical Year) 12.36826639275 khjq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mjhtJ gd;dpuz;L re;jpu khjq;fs; ntl;gkz;l Mz;il tpl 10.8751234326 ehs;fs; FiwthdJ.

epyh 240>000 iky; njhiytpy; kzpf;F 2>355.2 iky; Ntfj;jpy; Gtpiar; Rw;wptUfpwJ. Qhapiwr; Rw;wptUk; GtpAk; Gtpiar; Rw;wptUk; epyhTk; jkJ Ntfj;ij ,oe;J tUfpd;wd. re;jpud; xU Ehw;whz;by; miu tpehbAk; Gtp 10>000 Mz;Lfspy; 2 tpehbAk; Ntfk; ,of;fpd;wd.

Gtp jdJ mr;rpy; tpehbf;F 0.5 fpkP Ntfj;jpy; jd;idj;jhNd Rw;WfpwJ. mNj Neuk; nghJNkdp 149>600>000 fpkP ( 93 kpy;ypad; iky;) njhiytpy; fhzg;gLk; Qhapiw tpehbf;F 30 fpkP (18.5 iky;) my;yJ kzpf;F 1670 fpkP (1040 iky;) Gtp Rw;WfpwJ. vkJ QhapW kz;lyk; ghy; top kz;lyj;ij tpdhbf;F 250 fpkP Ntfj;jpy; Rw;WfpwJ. mNj rkak; vkJ ghy; top kz;lyk; mUfpy; cs;s mz;lq;fis tpehbf;F 300 fpkP Rw;WfpwJ.

ehq;fs; ,d;W gad;gLj;Jk; ehs;fhl;b fhyj;Jf;Ff; fhyk; jpUj;jp mikf;fg;gl;L te;jpUf;fpwJ. ehs;fs;> khjq;fs; $bAk; Fiwe;Jk; mtw;wpd; tupir Kiw khwpAk; te;jpUf;fpd;wd.

njhlf;fj;jpy; Xu; Mz;by; gj;J khjq;fSk; Kjy; khjkhf khu;r;Rk; ,Ue;jd. mjdhy;jhd; 7 Kjy; 10 tiu cs;s khjq;fs; nrg;njk;gu; (Septem-7) xf;Njhgu; (Octo-8) nehntk;gu; (Novem-9) bnrk;gu; (Decem-10) vd ,yj;jPd; nkhopapy; ngauplg;gl;ld. gpw;fhyj;jpy; rdtupAk; ngg;utupAk; Nru;f;fg;gl;L rdtup Kjy; khjkhfpaJ. ,Ue;Jk; 9-12 tiuahd khjq;fs; Kd;ida 7-10 khjq;fSf;Fupa ngauhNyNa njhlHe;Jk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ!

5 Mk; khjj;Jf;F Qulntillu (yj;jPd; Quinque 5) vdg; ngaH ,Ue;jJ. cNuhkh dpar; ru;thjpfhup A+ypaH rPru; gpwe;j khjk; mJthjyhy; mtupd; epidtha; A+iy vdg; ngau; ,lg; ngw;wJ. 6 Mk; khjk; Sextillis (yj;jPd; Sex 6) vdg;gl;lJ. cNuhkhdpag; Nguuru; Mf];jpd; rPrH epidthf mJ Mf];l; vdg; ngau; khw;wQ; nra;ag;gl;lJ. (tsUk;)

,g;NghJ cyF gpd; gw;Wk; ehs;fhl;bf;F tpj;jpl;ltu; cNuhkhdpar; ru;thjpfhup A+ypa]; rPru; (fpK A+iy 13> 100 - fpK khHr; 15> 44) MtH. ehs;fhl;biar; nrg;gdpl A+ypa]; rPrH fpNuf;f thdpay; mwpQu; (Sosigenes) mtHfsJ cjtpia ehbdhH. nrhrpn[d]; 365.25 ehs;fs; nfhz;lJ Xu; Mz;L vd;Dk; mbg;gilapy; xUehs; fhl;bia cUthf;fpdhH. fpK 46 Mz;bd; ehs;fis 445 ehs;fshf mjpfupj;jhH. ehd;fhz;Lf;F xUKiw ngg;utup khjj;jpy; (leap year) xU ehisf; $l;LtJ vd;Wk; KbT nra;jhH.

,e;ehs;fhl;b fpK 45 Mk; Mz;L rdtup Kjy; ehspy; eilKiwf;F te;jJ. A+ypad; ehs;fhl;b fpwpj;jt ehLfspy; 1>582 Mk; Mz;Ltiu eilKiwapy; ,Ue;jJ.

A+ypad; Mz;L (365.25) fzf;Fg;gb XH Mz;L 11 kzpj;Jsp 12 tpehbfshy; mjpfupj;Jf; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jdhy; 128 Mz;Lfspy; xU ehs; mjpfupj;jJ.

A+ypad; ehs;fhl;b mbg;gilapy; Ntdpy; rkapuT (vernal equinox) khHr;R 10 ,y; ,lk;ngw;wJ. Mdhy; Ntdpy; rkapuT 21 f;F Ke;jp tuf;$lhJ vd 13 MtJ Nghg;ghz;ltH fpnwNfhwp KbT nra;jhH. A+ypad; ehs;fhl;bapy; cs;s Fiwghl;ilf; fisa 1582 ,y; Nghg;ghz;ltH Gjpa ehs;fhl;bia cUthf;Ftjw;F mwpQu;fisf; nfhz;l xU FOit mikj;jhu;. FOtpd; gupe;Jiuf;F Vw;g Nghg;ghz;ltH fpnwNfhwp A+ypad; ehs;fhl;bapy; ,Ue;J 10 ehs;fisf; Fiwf;FkhW fl;lis gpwg;gpj;jhH. mjw;F mika xf;NjhgH 4> 1582 (A+ypad;) mLj;J xf;NjhgH 15 (nts;spf;fpoik) njhlHe;jJ. NkYk; xU Mz;L 00 ,y; Kbe;J mjid 400 Mfg; gpupf;f Kbe;jhy; ngg;utup khjj;jpy; NkYk; xU ehisf; $l;l Ntz;Lk; vd;W KbT nra;ag;gl;lJ. mjhtJ ehY Ehw;whz;by; 3 gha;r;ry; Mz;Lfs; (leap years) fzf;fpy; vLf;fg;glhJ tplg;gl;lJ.

ehDhW Mz;Lfs; 146097 ehs;fSf;F rkkhdJ. ,jd;gb nghJNkdp Mz;L 365.2425 ehs;fshFk;. ,J xU ntg;gkz;ly Mz;iltpl 26.8 tpehb mjpfkhdJ. ,e;j NtWghL 3200 Mz;Lfspy; 1 ehis mjpfupfr; nra;JtpLk;. ,Ue;Jk; 49 Mk; Ehw;whz;Ltiu ,g;NghJs;s ehs;fhl;bapy; khw;wk; nra;a Ntz;b ,Uf;fhJ!

cNuhkHfs; fpoik ehs;fis mtHfs; flTshff; Fk;gpl;l Nfhs;fspd; ngaHfisf; nfhz;L mioj;jdH.

jkpoHfSk; cNuhkiug; gpd;gw;wp Nfhs;fSf;F nfhLf;fg;gl;l ngaiu fpoik ehs;fSf;F itj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. 7 Mk; Ehw;whz;by; tho;e;j jpUehTf;furH “NtAW Njhopgq;fd; tplKz;l fz;ld; … “ vdj; njhlq;Fk; NfhsW gjpfj;jpy; ,e;jf; fpoik ehs;fis tupirahfr; nrhy;yp ,Uf;fpwhH. gpuQ;R nkhopapYk; ,t;thNw miof;fg;gLfpwJ. n[Hkd; nkhopapy; Mars, Mercury, Jupiter and Venus Mfpatw;Wf;Fg; gjpyhf Tiu, Woden, Thor and Freya vdg; ngaH khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

fpNuf;fHfNshL xg;gpLk; nghOJ jkpoHfsJ thdpay; mwpTk; fzpj mwpTk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fthW ,y;iy vd;gJ frg;ghd cz;ik MFk;. Nfhs;fs;> Nfhs;fspd; njhiyT> Nfhs;fspd; mirT> Nfhs;fspd; Xl;lk;> Gtpapd; tpl;lk;> fpufzq;fs; Mfpaitgw;wpj; jkpoHfs; tpupthfTk; jpUj;jkhfTk; Ma;T nra;jjhfj; njupatpy;iy. nra;jpUe;jhYk; mit ,d;W fpilj;jpyJ.

rq;f fhyj; jkpoHfSf;F ,Ue;j thdpay; gw;wpa mwpT mjd; gpd;dH te;j jiyKiwapduhy; Nkk;gLj;jg; gltpy;iy. gpw; fhyj;jpy; Nfhs;fisg; gw;wp Muha;tjw;Fg; gjpy; mtw;Wf;Ff; Nfhapy;fs; fl;b topghL nra;aj; jkpoHfs; jiygl;Ltpl;ldH.

#upad;> re;jpud;> rdp> ,uhF> NfJ Mfpa Nfhs;fSf;Fj; jdpf; Nfhapy;fs; fl;lg;gl;ld.

njhy;fhg;gpaH nghUsjpfhuk; mfj;jpiz ,aypy; ngUk;nghOij tFj;Jf; $wpatH ehs;fspd; ngaHfisNah khjq;fspd; ngaHfisNah Fwpg;gpltpy;iy.

,e;jg; gFg;G EhYf;F Ehy; NtWgLfpwJ. ,g;nghOJ fhHfhyk; ma;g;grp fhHj;jpifj; jpq;fs;fspy; ,lk;ngWfpwJ. mt;thNw Vida ngUk; nghOJfspd; fhyKk; khWgLfpd;wd.

jkpoHfs; ijj; jpq;fs; Kjy; ehisj; jq;fs; Mz;bd; Jtf;fkhff; nfhz;ldH vdj; njupfpwJ. ijj; jpq;fs; Kjy; ehs; (rdtup 14) QhapW jdJ njd;jpirr; nryit Kbj;Jf; nfhz;L tljpir Nehf;fpr; nry;fpwJ. vdNt QhapW> kfu Xiuapy; (23½ ghif njw;F) Njhd;wp tlf;F Nehf;fpr; nry;yj; njhlq;Fk; ehisNa jkpoHfs; jq;fs; Mz;bd; Jtf;fkhff; nfhz;bUe;jdH vdyhk;.

ctTkjp (G+uiz) ehspy; Gtpapd; xUGwk; QhapWk;> kWGwk; 180 ghifapy; jpq;fSk; vjpnujpNu epw;Fk; vd;gJ gz;ila jkpoHfSf;Fj; njupe;jpUe;jJ. jpq;fs; Njhd;Wk; nghOJ QhapW kiwAk; vd;gjid>

"KOkjp te;J $ba ngupa ehshhfpa nghOjpd; fz; QhapWk; jpq;fSkhfpa ,U RlUk; jk;Ks; vjpHepd;W ghHj;J> mtw;Ws; xU RlH Gy;ypa khiyg; nghOjpd;fz; kiyf;Fs; kiwe;jhw;Nghy" vd;gJ ,jd; nghUshFk;.

vl;lhk; ehs; gpiwepyit "vz;zhs; jpq;fs;" vd;Wk; KOkjp "ctTkjp" vd;Wk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

jhNk xsptpLk; kPd;fs; ehz;kPd;fs; vd;Wk;> Qhapw;wplkpUe;J gpwf;Fk; xspapdhy; xspUk; Nfhs;fs; Nfhs;kPd;fs; vdTk; miof;fg;gl;ld.

Nfhs;; kPd;fspd; epwk; jkpoHf;Fj; njupe;J ,Ue;jJ. nre;epwKila Nfhis nrt;tha; vd;Wk;> ntz;zpwKila Nfhis nts;sp vd;Wk;> fupa epwKila Nfhis rdp vd;Wk; (rdp fupa epwk; vd;gJ gpioahd KbT) ngaupl;ldH. ciuahrpupaH er;rpdhHf;fpdpaH md;iwa Mz;L Mtzpapy; njhlq;fp Mbapy; Kbe;jjhff; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. ,g;gbf; fzf;fpLk; Kiw fpK500 Mz;Lf;F Kd; ,Ue;jjhff; $wg;gLfpwJ.

,tw;wpy; ,Ue;J xU cz;ik Gyg;gLfpwJ. mJ vd;dntd;why; fhyk; Neuk; vd;gJ xU xg;gPL. ,e;j QhapW kz;lyk; Njhw;wk; ngw;W 4500 Nfhb Mz;Lfs; ,Uf;Fk; vd thdpayhsHfs; Fj;Jkjpg;gPlhfr; nrhy;fpwhHfs;. mjpy; 2107 Mz;Lfs; vd;gJ xU fzg;nghOJ.

Mdhy; rhjfj;ijg; ghHj;Jg; gyd; nrhy;Yk; NrhjplHfs; Nghy; vz; NrhjplHfs; xUtH gpwe;j ehs;> khjk;> Mz;il kl;Lk; itj;J gyd; nrhy;fpwhHfs;. ,g;gbg; gyd; nrhy;tjw;F ngupa fzpj mwpT Njitapy;iy. $l;lf; fopf;fj; njupe;jpUe;jhy; NghJk;. ,jdhy; xUtH jLf;fp tpOe;jhy; xU vz;rhj;jpup kPJjhd; tpoNtz;Lk;! fpl;lj;jl;l vy;NyhUNk jq;fis vz;rhj;jpupfs; vd;W nrhy;ypf; nfhs;fpwhHfs;. Ntbf;if vd;dntd;why; ,e;j vz;rhj;jpupfs; nrhy;tij kf;fs; ek;gptpLfpwhHfs;. jq;fSf;Fg; gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijfSf;F vz;rhj;jpuj;jpd; gb ngw;NwhHfs; ngaH itj;JtpLfpwhHfs;. taJ te;jtHfs; jq;fs; ngaiu vz;rhj;jpuj;Jf;F mika xU Fwpg;gpl;l ,yf;fj;jpy; itj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhHfs;. mjw;fhf ngaupy; cs;s Mq;fpy vOj;Jf;fis khw;wp mikj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhHfs;. Kd;dhs; Kjy;tH n[ayypjh vz;rhj;jpup nrhy;ypagb jdJ ngaiu Jayalalithaa vd xU Vf;Fg; gjpy; ,uz;L V f;fis itj;Jf; nfhz;Ls;shH!

Nrhjplk; NghyNt vz; Nrhjplj;jpYk; Nfhl;ghL gw;wp xj;j fUj;jpy;iy. rpyH 1 - 9 vz;fis itj;Jg; gyd; nrhy;fpwhHfs;. rpyH 1 - 8 vz;fis kl;Lk; itj;Jg; gyd; nrhy;fpwhHfs;. ,d;Dk; rpyH 11> 22 vz;fisAk; NrHj;Jg; gyd; nrhy;fpwhHfs;.

vz;Nrhjplj;jpy; xUtH gpwe;jTld; itj;j ngaNu Kf;fpakhdJ. mJjhd; mtuJ jiytpjpia jPHkhdpf;fpwjhk;. ,ilapy; mtH ngaiu khw;wpdhy; mJ mtuJ jw;Nghija MSikiaj; jPHkhdpf;fpwjhk;. Mdhy;> ,Jgw;wp elj;jpa Ma;Tfs; ,e;j ek;gpf;iffis nka;g;gpf;ftpy;iy.

vz; NrhjplHfs; ,g;gbg; gpwe;j jpfjpia $l;b tUfpw vz; miyajpHTfis (vibrations) vOg;Gtjhfr; nrhy;fpwhHfs;.

vz;fSf;F miyajpHTfs; cz;lh? vz;fs; nja;tPf rf;jpapd; ntspg;ghlh? ,d;d vz;Zf;F ,d;d gyd; vd;W ahH tFj;jhHfs;? vd;d mbg;gilapy; tFj;jhHfs;?

,e;jf; Nfs;tpfSf;F vz;NrhjplHfs; nrhy;Yk; gjpy; ',e;j vz;rhj;jpuk; kha ke;jpuk; rhHe;j xU nja;tPff; fiy. ehq;fs; nrhy;Yk; gyd; rupah gpioah vd;W xUKiw Nrhjpj;Jg; ghUq;fs;! mg;NghJ cz;ik njupAk;" vd;fpwhHfs;! NtW rpyH vz;Nrhjplk; mwptpay; mbg;gilapy; mike;j fiy vd;fpwhHfs;! vz;fis itj;Jf; nfhz;L -

1) xUtuJ Fzk;> eil> jpwik> tho;f;ifapd; Nehf;fk;> Jizia vg;gbj; NjHe;njLf;f Ntz;Lk;?

Rw;wpAk; Rw;wpAk; Rg;gUila Nfhbf;Fs; vd;gJ Nghy cyfj;jpy; ,d;W thOk; 610 Nfhb kf;fis 9 vz;fspy; vz;NrhjplHfs; mlf;fp tpLfpwhHfs;. ,jdhy; mz;zsthf xNu vz;zpy; cs;s 67.7 Nfhb kf;fsJ tpjp xNukhjpup ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;! mg;gb ,Uf;fpwjh? ,Uf;f KbAkh? mJ rhj;jpakh? vz; Nrhjplk; ghhg;gtHfs; ,tw;iw Vd; vz;zpg; ghHg;gjpy;iy?

vz;NrhjplHfs; muhgpf; vz;fisg; gad; gLj;Jtij XusT epahag;gLj;jyhk;. mJ cyfpy; cs;s ngUk;ghd;ik kf;fshy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy;> Mq;fpy mupr;Rtbiag; gad; gLj;JtJ ve;j tifapy; epahak;? Mq;fpy nkhop NgRNthH njhifiatpl ,e;jp> rPd nkhop NgRNthH njhif cyfpy; mjpfk; MFk;.

Ntbf;if vd;dntd;why; ,e;jpa vz;NrhjplHfs; $l Mq;fpy mupr;Rtbiaj;jhd; gad;gLj;JfpwhHfs;. ,J vz;rhj;jpuk; kpf kpf mz;ikf; fhyj;jpy; fz;L gpbf;fg;gl;l xU Gul;L vd;gijf; fhl;LfpwJ. ,jpy; vd;d Nrhfk; vd;why; me;jg; Gul;ilf; fz;Lgpbj;jtH xU jkpoH vdr; nrhy;fpwhHfs;!

vz; rhj;jpuj;jpy; xUtuJ gpwe;j jpfjpjhd; Kf;fpakhdJ. mJ khjk;> ehs>; Mz;L vd;w tupirapy; itj;Jf; fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ. mjid tho;f;ifg; ghij (life-path) vd miof;fpd;wdH.

xUtH gpwe;jNghJ gjpT nra;j ngaH vz;zhf khw;wg;gLfpwJ. xt;nthU vz;Zk; ve;j vOj;Jf;fspd; ngWNgw;iwf; Fwpf;fpwJ vd;gJ fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

,t;thW vOJj;Jf;fSf;F tupirg;gb vz;fis xJf;Ftjw;F mwptpay; mbg;gil vJTk; fpilahJ. tpjpf;fl;bd;wp (arbitrary) xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,JNt ,e;j vz;rhj;jpuk; xU Gul;L vd;gjw;F jf;f rhd;whFk;!

gpwe;j jpfjpia vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; vjw;fhf fpwpj;jt Mz;il vLj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;? fpwpj;jt Mz;il tpl-

,e;jf; Nfs;tpfisf; Nfl;ff; $lhJ. fhuzk; mtw;Wf;fhd gjpy; vz;NrhjplHfsplk; ,y;iy. mtHfs; ntWkNd jhq;fs; nrhy;tij kw;wtHfs; ek;g Ntz;Lk; vd vjpHghHf;fpwhHfs;. NkYk; neUf;fpdhy; vz; rhj;jpuk; kha ke;jpuf; fiyfisr; rhHe;jJ vd kOg;gp tpLfpwhHfs;.

fpwpj;jt ehs;fhl;bia vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; $l mJ jtwhff; fzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. fpK 1 ia mLj;J fpgp 1 vd fzpf;fg;gl;ljhy; xU Mz;L $Ljyhf fzf;fplg;gl;L tpl;lJ. NaRehjH gpwe;j Mz;Lj; njhlf;fKk; xU Cfk;jhd;.

,Ugjhk; Ehw;whz;bd; ,Wjp Mz;L 2000 vd vz;zg;gl;lJ. 2001 jhd; %d;whtJ Gj;jhapuj;jpd; (Third millennium) Kjy; Mz;L. Mdhy;> cyfk; 2001 Mk; Mz;Lf;Ff; fhj;jpuhJ 2000 Mk; Mz;ilNa %d;whtJ Gj;jhapuk; Mff; nfhz;lhbaJ!

,e;jf; Fog;gj;jpw;Ff; fpgp 976 tiu Rop (zero) ma;Nuhg;ghtpy; gad;ghl;Lf;F tutpy;iy vd;gJjhd; VJ MFk;. elg;G Mz;L 2004 Fg; gjpy; 2003 vd;W ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;!

vdNt fhyj;Jf;Ff; fhyk; khw;wg;gl;Lk; jpUj;jg;gl;Lk; te;j ehs;fhl;bapd; mbg;gilapy; vz;fzpj NrhjplHfs; gyd; $WtJ gFj;jwpTf;F KuzhdJ.

vz;NrhjplHfs; ntt;NtW vz;Kiw (9> 8) ntt;NtW vOj;JKiw (Mq;fpyk;> `Pg;GW) gad;gLj;Jtjhy; mit ntt;NtW KbTfisj; jUfpd;wd. vz;fisg; gw;wpAk; vOj;ijg; gw;wpAk; xNu khjpupahd tpsf;fk; ,y;iy. Kjyhk; vz;fhuH kpfTk; nry;thf;fhdtH vdTk; NgusT MSik cilatH; vd;Wk; tho;f;ifapy; ntw;wp ngWthH vd;Wk; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy;> 4 vz;fhuH 'Njhy;tp> tWik kw;Wk; JaH epiwe;jtHfshf ,Ug;gH” vdr; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

vz;fisg; gw;wpa %lek;gpf;if vy;yhg; gz;ghl;bYk; ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ. ,d;Wk; ,Ue;J tUfpwJ.

,uz;L (2) rPdnkhopapy; (Cantonese) 'Rygk;” vd;gJ Nghy; xypf;fpwJ. mNj Neuk; 24 vz; 'Rygkhfr; rhjy;” vd;gJ Nghy; xypf;fpwJ.

ehd;F (4) rPd ag;ghdpa gz;ghl;by; Ngh$o; (unlucky) vz;zhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. fhuzk; me;j vz;iz xypf;Fk; nghOJ rhT vd;w xypNghy; xypf;fpwJ. vdNt rPdH 4 vz; tUk; tPl;il thq;Ftjpy;iy. khwhf jkpoH gz;ghl;by; 4 gw;wpa gak; vJTk; ,y;iy.

VO (7) gy gz;ghl;by; Ngh$o; vz;zhfNt fUjg;gLfpwJ. jkpoupil ,e;j vz; jPikahd vz;zhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. Vopy; nrt;tha; Njhrkhf vz;zg;gLfpwJ. Voiur; rdpad; xUtiu eha; Nghy; miyf;Fk; vd ek;gg;gLfpwJ.

vl;L (8) rPdH ag;ghdpaH ,UghyhuhYk; M$o; (lucky ) vz;zhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. fhuzk; mjd; xypg;G tsik vd;w xypg;igg; Nghy; ,Uf;fpwJ.

Mdhy;> jkpoupilNa 8 nfl;l vz;zhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. vl;by; rdp kuzj;ijf; Fwpg;gjhfr; Nrhjpl rhj;jpuk; nrhy;fpwJ. fdlhtpy; tPL thq;Fk; jkpoH 8 tUk; tPLfis thq;Ftjpy;iy. Mdhy;> rPdH mjidNa tpUk;gp thq;FfpwhHfs;!

gjpd;%d;W (13) Nkw;Fyf gz;ghl;by; mr;rj;ij Cl;Lk; vz;zhff; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. njhlHkhb tPLfisf; fl;Lk;NghJ 12 MtJ khbf;F mLj;j khbia 14 MtJ khb vd;W vOjpitj;J tpLfpwhHfs;.

NaRehjupd; filrp tpUe;jpy; fye;J nfhz;l 13 rPlHfspy; xUtuhd A+jh]; NaRit 30 nts;spf;fhRf;F cNuhk; MSeUf;Ff; fhl;bf; nfhLj;jtd; vd;gJjhd; ,e;j mr;rj;Jf;Ff; fhuzk;.

Mdhy;> 13 vz; rPdHfsJ nkhopapy; 'tho;T epr;rak;” vd xypg;gjhy; mJ ey;y vz;zhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ.

gjpNdO (17) ,yj;jPd; nkhopapy; XV1I vd;W vOJk; NghJ mJ 'ehd; tho;e;J Kbj;J tpl;Nld;” vd;w nghUisj; jUfpwJ> mjhtJ ,wg;igf; Fwpf;fpwJ. vdNt ,j;jhyp ehl;by; 17 vz; Ngh$ohff; fUjg;gLfpwJ.

9413 vz; rPd nkhopapy; 'jg;gp thOk; tha;g;G kpfTk; FiwT” ("slim chance of survival") kw;Wk; 'xd;gJ NgH ,wf;fpwhHfs; xUtH kl;Lk; tho;fpwhH” vd;w gonkhopiaf; Fwpg;gjhy; mJ Ngh$ohff; fUjg;gLfpwJ!

,jpy; ,Ue;J njuptJ vd;dntd;why; xU vz; ey;yjh nfl;ljh ed;ikah jPikah vd;gJ kdpjuJ kdijg; nghWj;jJ MFk;. vz; ghgk; - Nfhs;fs;> ,uhrpfs;> ,uhrp tPLfs;> el;rj;jpuq;fs; Nghy mjw;F xd;Wk; njupahJ! mjw;F ve;jr; rpwg;G mjpHtiyfSk; fpilahJ.

rhjfj;ijf; fzpf;Fk; NrhjpldhtJ xUtd; gpwe;j ,lk;> ehs;> Neuk; ,tw;iw itj;J me;jf; fzj;jpy; tpz;zpy; Nfhs;fs;> ,uhrpfs;> el;rj;jpuq;fs; epd;w epiyfspd; mbg;gilapy; rhjfj;ijf; fzpj;Jg; gyd; nrhy;fpwhd;. ifahy; rhjfj;ijf; fzpj;Jg; gyd; nrhy;y xU ehs; gpbf;Fk;! Mdhy;> vz; NrhjplH gyd; nrhy;y rpy tpehbfNs Njitg;gLfpwJ.

vdNt vz;Nrhjplupd; gyd;fs; vz;Nrhjpl Kiwiag; nghWj;jpUf;fpwNj xopa vz;fisg; nghWj;jjy;y vd;gJ vspjpy; ngwg;gLk;. ,jw;F Nky; vz;Nrhjplj;ijg; gw;wp vOJtJ Neuj;ijg; ghohf;Fk; vd;gjhy; ,j;Jld; epWj;jpf; nfhs;fpNwd;.

Nrhjpl rhj;jpuk; vOjpatHfSf;F thdpay; mwpT NgusT ,Uf;ftpy;iy. vLj;Jf; fhl;lhf Gtp Qhapiwr; Rw;wp xU ePs;tl;lj;jpy; tUtij mtHfs; mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. Gyf;fhl;rpapd; mbg;gilapy; QhapW Gtpiar; Rw;Wtjhfj;jhd; mtHfs; vz;zpdhHfs;. ,jdhy; fpufq;fisg; gw;wp jhWkhwhf vOjp itj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;.

fpufq;fSf;F tUzk;> Mz;> ngz;> myp vd;w ghy;Ntw;Wik> kpj;JU (el;G) rj;JU (gif) vd;w Fzhk;rq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iwf; fw;gpj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;.

NrhjplHfis ehd; Fiw $wtpy;iy. md;iwa fhy fl;lj;jpy; thdpay; gw;wpa mwpT mt;tsNt ,Ue;jJ. gpio vd;dntd;why; ,d;W mwptpay; tsHe;j gpd;dUk; NrhjplHfs; “mg;gd; ntl;ba fpzW cg;Gj;jz;zPH vd;whYk; Fbf;Fk; gps;isfs; Nghy;” njhlHe;J Nrhjpl rhj;jpuj;ijf; Fuq;Fg; gpbahf gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L epw;fpwhHfs;.

gbj;jtHfSk; gbahjtHfSk; ke;ijfs; Nghy; fz;iz %bf;nfhz;L Nrhjplk;> vz;rhj;jpuk;> th];J Nghd;wtw;iw ek;gp rhjfKk; ifAkhfr; NrhjplHfisj; Njb Xbf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhHfs;! (tsUk;)

nrt;tha; Njh\k;> rdp Njh\k;> ehf Njh\k; gw;wpj;jhd; ,Jtiu ehk; Nfs;tpg;gl;bUf;fpNwhk;. ,g;NghJ khq;fy;a Njh\j;Jf;Fg; gupfhuk; Njbg; gpugy mgpN\f; gr;rd; - ebif ma;];tHa uha; Nrhb Nfhapy; Nfhapyhf miytjhfr; nra;jpfs; njuptpf;fpd;wd.

cj;jug; gpuNjr khepyk; kpu;rhGH efupy; cs;s Gfo;ngw;w tpe;jpahthrpdp Nfhapypy; mgpN\f; gr;rd; - ma;];tu;ah uha; 16 tifahd rpwg;Gg; G+irfs; nra;jdu;. epr;rajhu;j;jk; Kbe;j gpwF nghJ ,lj;jpw;Fr; Nrhbahf ,UtUk; nrd;wJ ,JNt Kjy; jlitahFk;. ,e;j ,sk; Nrhbiaf; fhz nghJkf;fs; jpuz;ldu;.

khq;fy;a Njh\ eptu;j;jpf;fhfNt rpwg;Gg; G+irfs; nra;ag;gl;ld. gupfhu G+irfs; nra;J rhkp juprdk; nra;j mgpN\f; - ma;];tu;ah uha; mtu;fSf;Ff; Fq;Fkg; gpurhjk; mUr;rfHfshy; toq;fg;gl;lJ.

jq;ff; Fil> tapu %f;Fj;jp> nts;spf; nfhYR Mfpatw;iw NfhapYf;Ff; fhzpf;ifahf ,UtUk; toq;fpdu;.

gzk;gilj;j nry;te;jHfs; rhkpf;Fj; jq;ff; Fil> tapu %f;Fj;jp> nts;spf; nfhYR Mfpatw;iwf; ifA+l;lhff; nfhLj;J 16 tif rpwg;Gg; G+irfs; %yk; Njh\ eptHj;jp Njbf; nfhs;fpwhHfs;. trjpaw;wtHfs; fjp vd;d? mtHfs; jq;fs; trjpf;F Vw;g elkhLk; rhkpfisj; Njb XLfpd;wdH.

nrd;id mNrhf; efu; fhtyu; FbapUg;G mUfpy; cs;s mq;fhs guNkRtup Nfhapypy; khjtd; vd;w rhkpahu; gf;ju;fSf;Ff; Fwp nrhy;yp te;jhuhk;.

,tu; kPJ nrd;id+ rpd;kah efu; Ngh°ly; fhydpiar; Nru;e;j ,utpf;Fkhu; vd;gtu; fhty;Jiw Mizau; yj;jpfh ruzplk; xU Kiwg;ghl;ilf; nfhLj;Js;shu;.

me;j Kiwg;ghl;by; rhkpahu; khjtd; Njh\k; fopg;gjhff; $wp 50 rtud; eiffis thq;fp mk;kd; fhybapy; itg;gjhf nrhy;yp Vkhw;wptpl;lhu; vd;W njuptpj;jpUf;fpwhu;.

,e;j Kiwg;ghL njhlHghf cupa eltbf;if vLf;Fk;gb kj;jpa Fw;wg; gpupT fhty;JiwapdUf;F fhty;Jiw Mizau; yj;jpfh ruz; cj;jutpl;lhu;.

mjd;gb rhkpahu; khjtd; kPJ fhty;Jiw tof;Fg; gjpT nra;J tprhupj;J tUfpwJ. Mdhy; rhkpahu; khjtd; jg;gp Xbtpl;lhu;. mtiug; gpbf;ff; fhty;Jiwapdu; Kad;W tUfpd;wdu;.

nrd;id mUk;ghf;fk;> ,sq;fhspak;kd; Nfhapy; njUitr; Nru;e;jtu; ,];khapy;. Nfushitr; Nru;e;j ,tu; nrd;id khefu muRg; Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; fofj;jpy; Xl;Leuhfg; gzpahw;wp Xa;T ngw;wtu;.

ke;jpu je;jpuk; khe;j;jp;uPfk; njupe;jtu; vd;gjhy; ,tuplk; Vuhskhd Ngu; jhaj;J fl;Ltjw;Fk;> gpy;yp R+dpak; vLg;gjw;Fk; tUthu;fs;. Xa;Tf;Fg; gpd;du; ,tu; khe;j;jpuPfj;ij KO Neuj; njhopyhf khw;wpf; nfhz;lhu;.

epUthz G+ir nra;tJ ,tuJ speciality! mjdhy; ,tuplk; Mz;fis tplg; ngz;fs;jhd; mjpf mstpy; tUtJ tof;fk; vd;W $wg;gLfpwJ. nrt;tha; kw;Wk; nts;spf;fpoikfspy;jhd; ,tu; G+irfs; nra;thuhk;. me;j ehs;fspy; kl;Lk; “gf;ju;fis' re;jpj;J mtu;fsJ rpf;fy;fisf; Nfl;gJ tof;fkhff; nfhz;bUe;jhH.

fle;j tpahof;fpoik ,uT ,tuJ tPl;by; jPtpgj;J Vw;gl;lJ. ,J gf;fj;Jf; FbirfSf;Fk; gutp ngUk; mopit Vw;gLj;jpaJ. jPaizg;Gg; gilapdu; tpiue;J te;J jPia mizj;jdu;.

tpgj;Jf; Fwpj;J tprhupf;f te;j fhty;Jiwapdu; jPtpgj;J ele;j Fbirg; gFjpapypUe;J xU ngz;zpd; fUfpa cliyf; fz;Lgpbj;jdu;. ,jdhy; mq;F gugug;G Vw;gl;lJ.

tpahof;fpoik ,uT mkhthir vd;gjhy; md;W rpwg;Gg; G+irf;F ,];khapy; Vw;ghL nra;jhu;. me;jg; G+irapy; Nfhlk;ghf;fk; rf;fughzp njUitr; Nru;e;j kQ;RshTk; fye;J nfhz;lhu;. ,tu; Me;jpuhitr; Nru;e;jtu;.

nrd;idapy; jdJ jk;gp gh];fu; uht; tPl;by; jq;fpapUe;jhu;. ,tuJ fztu; Nfhtpe;jrhkp nrd;idapy; Xl;Leuhf ,Ue;jjhy; mq;F te;J jq;fpapUe;jhu;. ,tUf;F xNu kfd; Mde;j;ghG. ,tu; rpy glq;fspy; fjhehafDf;Fj; Njhod; Ntlj;jpy; ebj;Js;shu;. kQ;RshTk; $l xU Jiz ebifjhd;. rpy glq;fspy; jiyiaf; fhl;bAs;shu;.

1999 Mk; Mz;L Nfhtpe;jrhkp ,we;jhu;. ,ijaLj;J jdJ fztu; “kPz;Lk; tu Ntz;Lk;” vdf; Nfhup ,];khapiy mZfpdhu;. mjw;F mtu; ehd; MtpfSld; NgRtJ tof;fk;. tpiutpy; cdJ fztu; fpilg;ghu; vd;W $wp gy Mapuk; &gha; gzj;ijf; fwe;Js;shu;.

,e; epiyapy; 2000 MtJ Mz;L Mde;j; ghG tpgj;jpy; ,we;J Nghdhu;. ,jdhy; kQ;Rsh kdk; cile;jhu;. ,];khapiy ehba mtu; jdJ fztiuAk;> kfidAk; 'kPl;Lj; jUkhW' $wpdhu;. ,];khapy; nrhd;dgbnay;yhk; G+irfs; nra;J te;jhu;.

,e;jf; fl;lj;jpy;jhd; epUthz G+ir nra;jhy;jhd; gyd; fpilf;Fk; vd ,];khapy; $wpAs;shu;. ,ijaLj;J tpahof;fpoik mkhthir jpdj;jd;W ele;j G+irapd;NghJ epUthz G+irf;Fj; jahuhdhu; kQ;Rsh.

ahf Fz;lk; Kd;G epUthz Nfhyj;jpy; kQ;Rsh mku;e;jpUf;f ,];khapy; ke;jpuq;fis cr;rupj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhu;. mg;NghJ jpBnud mUfpy; ,Ue;j kz;nzz;izia vLj;Jj; jd; kPJ Cw;wpf; nfhz;l kQ;Rsh> ahfj; jPia vLj;Jj; jd; kPJ Nghl;Lf; nfhz;L jPf;Fspj;jhu;.

,ijg; ghu;j;J mjpu;e;J Nghd Nghyp ke;jputhjp ,];khapy;> kQ;Rshitf; fhg;ghw;w Kad;Ws;shu;. Mdhy; gyd; ,y;iy. ,ijaLj;J mtu; mq;fpUe;J jg;gp ntspNa Xbdhu;.

ke;jputhjp ,];khapy; tPl;L mUNf fUfpa epiyapy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l ngz;zpd; cly; Jiz ebif kQ;Rsh vd;gJk; ke;jpuhthjp tPl;by; ele;j epUthz G+irapd;NghJ mtu; jPapy; fUfp ,we;jhu; vd;Wk; njupa te;Js;sJ. ,ijaLj;J me;j ke;jputhjpiaf; fhty;Jiw ifJ nra;Js;sdu;.

ke;jputhjp ,];khapy; Nkw;fz;l jftiy fhty;Jiwapduplk; njuptpj;Js;shu;. ,ijaLj;J mtiuf; fhty;JiwapdH ifJ nra;jdu;. mtu; cz;ikiar; nrhy;fpwhuh my;yJ ngz;iz mtNu vupj;jhuh vd;W tprhuiz ele;J tUfpwJ.

ehshe;jk; NrhjplHfs;> ke;jputhjpfs;> khe;j;jpuPfHfs;> Nghypr; rhkpfs;> ghghf;fs; Nghd;wtHfsplk; VkhWk; %lHfs; gw;wpa nra;jpfs; nra;jpj;jhs;fspy; te;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.

,e;j Vkhw;Wf;fhuHfs;; flTs;> nja;tk;> Nfhs;;> el;rj;jpuk;> Nga;> gprhR> eufk; Nghd;wtw;iwf; fhl;bg; gaKWj;jp %lHfsplk; ,Ue;J gzk; fwf;fpwhHfs;.

NjH> jpUtpoh> jPHj;jk;> mgpNrfk;> mUr;rid> gyp> fhzpf;if> Njh\gupfhuk; Nrhjplk;> MtpNahL NgRjy;> FwpghHj;jy;> gpy;yp #dpak; vLj;jy;> jhaj;Jf; fl;Ljy;> Ehy; fl;Ljy;> fhtb vLj;jy;> nrjpy; Fj;Jjy; vy;yhk; gzk; RUl;LtijNa Fwpf;Nfhshff; nfhz;lit.

,we;JNghd fztu; kPz;Lk; tu Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nfhup ke;jputhjpp ,];khapiy Jiz ebif kQ;Rsh mZfp ,Uf;fpwhH. vq;NfahtJ ,we;jtHfs; kPz;Lk; te;jpUf;fpwhHfsh? Guhzf; fijfspy; te;jpUf;fyhk;. Mdhy; cyfk; Njhd;wpa fhyk; njhl;L mg;gb xU mjprak; ,d;Dk; elf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; ke;jputhjp ,];khapy; “ehd; MtpfSld; NgRtJ tof;fk;. tpiutpy; cdJ fztu; fpilg;ghH”; vd;W mg;gl;lkhd ngha;iaf; $wp gy Mapuk; &gha; gzj;ijf; fwe;Js;shu;.

Nfhs;fs; Nfhb Nfhb iky;fSf;F mg;ghy; cs;s QhapW vd;w el;rj;jpuj;ijr; Rw;wp tUfpd;wd. mjw;F mg;ghy; Njhuhakhf 40>000 Nfhb el;rj;jpuq;fs; (400 billion stars) mz;l ntspapy; tyk; te;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. vkJ QhapW me;j el;rj;jpuq;fspy; xd;whFk;. mjw;F mLj;J mz;ikapy; cs;s el;rj;jpuj;jpd; ngaH Proxima Centauri (Alpha Centauri C). ,e;j el;rj;jpuk; 4.24 xspahz;LfSf;F mg;ghy; cs;sJ.

xU xsp Mz;L vd;gJ xsp tpdhbf;F 300>000 fpkP Ntfj;jpy; XH Mz;L gazpf;Fk; njhiythFk;. vdNt xsp XH Mz;by; 9>500>000>000>000 fpkP (9.5 jpupy;ypad fpkP njhiy gazpf;fpwJ. (mj;jpahak; 4)

,t;tsT neLe;njhiytpy; cs;s Nfhs;fs;> el;rj;jpuq;fs; kdpjDila tho;f;ifiag; ghjpf;fpwJ vd;gJ Kl;lhs;j;jdkhd fw;gidahFk;. mjw;F Nkyhf me;jf; Nfhs;fs; el;rj;jpuq;fshy; Vw;gLk; Njh\q;fSf;F G+ir mgpNrfk; mUr;rid nra;J> vs;nsz;iza;r; rl;b vupj;Jg; Nghf;fptplyhk; vd vz;ZtJ mijtpl tbfl;ba Kl;lhs;j;jdkhFk;!

kdpjd; ehfupfk; milahj fhyj;jpy;> thdpay; mwpT ,d;W Nghy; ,y;yhj xU fhy fl;lj;jpy; ,aw;wg;gl;l miuFiwr; rhj;jpuNk Nrhjpl rhj;jpukhFk;. ,d;W Nfhs;fspy; tpz;fyq;fis ,wf;fp mtw;iw thdpayhsHfs; Muha;fpwhHfs;. Mdhy; ,e;j 21 Mk; Ehw;whz;bYk; kf;fs;> Fwpg;ghf jkpoHfs;> Nfhs;fshy; Njh\k; Vw;gLfpwJ vd;W nrhy;tij ek;gp jq;fs; Neuj;ijAk; nghUisAk; khdj;ijAk; ,og;gJjhd; tpag;ghf ,Uf;fpwJ!

Nfhs;fisr; NrhjplHfs; tpjpf;fl;bd;wp vg;gbg; gpuhkzd;> rj;jpupad;> itrpfd;> #j;jpud; vd;W tFj;Js;shHfs; vdgijf; fPo;f;fz;l ml;ltiz fhl;LfpwJ.

,t;thW tFj;jjw;F ,e;J kjj;jpy; GiuNahbg; NghapUf;Fk; tUzhrpukf; Nfhl;ghL fhuzk; vd;gijr; nrhy;y Ntz;bajpy;iy. tUzhrpukk; gpuhkzHfsila Nkyhz;ikia epiyehl;l cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l je;jpukhFk;.

**fpufq;fspd; tUzk;**
tUzk;	fpufk;	,uhrp	,uhrp vz;
gpuhkzd;	FU> Rf;fpud;	flfk;> tpUr;rpfk;> kPdk;	4> 8> 12
rj;jpupad;	#upad;> nrt;tha;	Nklk;> rpk;kk;> jDR	1> 5> 9
itrpfd;	re;jpud;> Gjd;	,lgk;> fd;dp> kfuk;	2> 6> 10
#j;jpud;	rdp	kpJdk;> Jyhk;> Fk;gk;	3> 7> 11

rJHtHzak; khah ];U\;lk; Fz-fHk tpghfr:
j];a fHj;jhukgp khk; tpj;j;afHj;jhu-kt;aak;.

“ehd;F tUzq;fs; vd;dhy; cz;lhf;fg;gl;lit> mtutHfSf;Fupa fUkq;fis mtutH kPwhky; nra;aNtz;Lk;. mjid khw;wpr; nray;gl itf;f me;j tUz jUk cw;gj;jpahsdhfpa (fHj;jh) vd;dhy; $l KbahJ' (Though I am the creator of the four fold caste, know Me to be incapable of action or change).

fPij rhkhdpa Ehy; my;y. mJ ehy; Ntjq;fisAk; gpope;J tbfl;ba rhW! njhl;ljw;F vy;yhk; ,e;J kjthjpfs; ifapy; vLf;Fk; NghHths;!

Nkw;nfhz;L Nrhjpl rhj;jpuk; Nfhs;fisg; gw;wpr; nrhy;tijg; gbAq;fs;. fpufq;fspy;-

    #upad;- - murd;
    re;jpud;   - murp
    nrt;tha; - gilj; jsgjp
    Gjd;     - ,sturd;
    tpahod; kw;wk; nts;sp - mikr;rHfs;
    rdp     -. Ntiyf;fhud;
    ,uhF NfJ   - gil!

nrt;tha; - Gtp. re;jpud; kw;Wk; Rf;fpud; - jz;zPH. Gjd; - fhw;W. FU kw;Wk; #upad; - neUg;G. rdp - thd;ntsp.

Nrhjpl rhj;jpuk; fpufq;fis kpj;JU (el;G) rj;JU (gif) vdTk; gpupf;fpwJ. Vd;> vjw;fhf> ve;j mbg;gilapy; vd;gJ ahUf;Fk; njupahJ. (tsUk;)

Nrhjpl rhj;jpuk; fpufq;fisAk;; ,uhrpfisAk; tUz mbg;gilapy; tpjpf;fl;bd;wp kdk; Nghd Nghf;fpy; gpupj;jpUg;gijg; ghHj;Njhk;. Nrhjpl rhj;jpuk; Ntjj;Jf;F mq;fkhfg; ghHf;fg;gLk; Ntjhq;fq;fs; Mwpy; (rpf;if> fw;gk;> tpahfuzk;> epUj;jk;> re;Njhtprpjp> Nrhjplk;) xd;whf tpsq;FfpwJ. Ntj fhyj;jpy; ke;jpuq;fisr; nrhy;yp ahfq;fs; nra;tjw;Fupa ey;Ntisia (K$Hj;jj;ij) epUzapg;gjw;F Nrhjplk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ehsiltpy; jdpkdpjdJ vjpHfhyj;ijf; fzpj;Jg; gad; nrhy;yTk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

fpufq;fis kpj;JU (el;G) rj;JU (gif) vd Nrhjpl rhj;jpuk; gpupj;Js;sJ. ve;jf; fpufj;Jf;F ve;nje;jf; fpufq;fs; kpj;JU> rj;JU vd;gijf; fPo;f; fz;l ml;ltiz fhl;LfpwJ.

**kpj;JU rj;JU fpufq;fs;**
fpufk;	kpj;JUf;fs;	rj;JUf;fs;
#upad;	re;jpud;> mq;fhufd;> FU	Rf;fpud;> rdp> ,uhF
re;jpud;	#upad;> FU	rdp> ,uhF> NfJ
mq;fhufd;	#upad;> FU	Gjd;
Gjd;	Rf;fpud;	re;jpud;
FU	#upad;> re;jpud;> mq;fhufd;	Gjd;> Rf;fpud;
Rf;fpud;	rdp> Gjd;> ,uhF	#upad;> re;jpud;> mq;fhufd;
rdp	Gjd;> Rf;fpud;	#upad;> re;jpud;
,uhF	Rf;fpud;	#upad;
NfJ	#upad;> FU	re;jpud;

Fwpg;G - ve;jf; fpufk; ve;jf; fpufj;Jf;F el;G my;yJ gif vd;gjpy; Nrhjpl rhj;jpuj;jpy; xj;j fUj;jpy;iy. EhYf;F Ehy; mJ NtWgLfpwJ.

thdj;jpy; ghHj;j ,uhrp kz;lyq;fSf;F kdk; Nghd Nghf;fpy; cUtq;fis mikj;J mtw;iw Mz; ngz;> ruk;> ];jpuk;> cgak;> gfypy; gyKila ,uhrpfs;> ,utpy; gyKila ,uhrpfs;> gfypYk; ,utpYk; gyKila ,uhrpfs;> NahffhuHfs; khufhjpgjpfs; vdg; gpupj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. ,jw;F ve;j mwptpay; mbg;gilAk; mwNt fpiahJ. vLj;Jf; fhl;lhf rdpf; fpufk; ghg fpufk;> mjd; epwk; fUg;G> mjd; giff; fpufk; #upad; vd;gJ ntWk; fw;gidNa. nrt;tha; rptg;G epwkhff; fz;Zf;Fj; njupe;jjhy; (nrt;thapd; jiu rptg;ghf ,Ug;gjw;F mjpy; fhzg;gLk; iron oxides fhuzk; MFk;;) mjidf; fpNuf;fHfs; NghHf; flTshf vz;zpdH. ,J mwpahik fhuzkhf vLj;j jtwhd KbthFk;.

**ml;ltiz**
,uhrp	ghy;	cUtk;	ruk;/];jpuk; /cgak;	gfy;/ ,uT	elg;G/ fhyk;	jdpkk;
Nklk;	Mz;	ML	ruk;	,uT	4-15ehop	neUg;G
,lgk;	ngz;	vUJ	];jpuk;	.,uT	4-45ehop	gpUJtp
kpJdk;	Mz;	Mz; - ngz;;	cgak;	,uT	5-15ehop	[yk;
flfk;	ngz;	ez;L	ruk;	,uT	5-30ehop	neUg;G
rpk;kk;	Mz;	rpq;fk;	];jpuk;	gfy;	5-15ehop	gpUJtp
fd;dp	ngz;	ngz;	cgak;	gfy;	5-00ehop	[yk;
Jyhk;	Mz;	juhR	ruk;	gfy;	5-00ehop	neUg;G
tpUr;rpfk;	ngz;	el;Ltf;fhyp	];jpuk;	gfy;	5-15ehop	gpUJtp
jDR	Mz;;	tpy;	cgak;	,uT	5-30ehop	[yk;
kfuk;	ngz;	fly;Fjpiu	ruk;	,uT	5-15ehop	neUg;G
Fk;gk;	Mz;	Flk;	];jpuk;	gfy;	4-45ehop	gpUJtp
kPdk;	ngz;	,ul;ilkPd;	cgak;	gfy;/,uT	4-15ehop	[yk;

**Nfhs;fs;s gw;wpa juT**
Nfhs;	tpl;lk;		QhapW-Nfhs; njhiyT	Roy; fhyk;	Rw;Wf; fhyk;	Jiz Nfhs;	mlHj;jp	jpzpT	ntg;gk;	mr;rpd; rha;T	Qhapiw Rw;Wk; Ntfk;
	fpkP	fy;	kpy;.fpkP				ePH-1	Gtp-1	nry;rp	ghif	fpkP/tpehb
Gjd;	4>878	3>029	57>910	58.67 eh	87.96 eh	0	5.43	0.06	467/210	0	47.89
nts;sp	12>102	7>515	108>200	243 eh	224.70 eh	0	5.25	0.82	450	177.4	35.03
Gtp	12>756	7>921	149>600	23k56 k	365.24 eh	1	5.52	1.00	-89/58	23.45	29.79
epyh	3>476	2>159	384>467*	27.32**	27.32**	0	0.60	0.012	123/-233	7.00	31.022***
nrt;tha;	6>794	4>219	227>940	24.6 k	687 eh	2	3.93	0.11	-187	23.98	24.13
tpahod;	142>984	88>793	778>330	9.8 k	11.9 M	35	1.33	317.83	-148	3.08	13.06
rdp	120>536	74>852	1>426>940	10.665 k	29.46 M	31	0.71	95.2	-178	26.73	9.64
ANwd];	51>118	31>744	2>870>990	17.24 k	84 M	5	1.24	14.53	-210	97.92	6.81
neg;jpa+d;	49>528	30>756	4>497>070	16.1 k	165 M	8	1.67	17.14	-210	28.8	5.43
GSl;Nlh	2>300	1.428	5>913>520	6eh 9k	248 M	1	2.03	0.004	-229	122	4.74

,e;jf; fpufq;fs; czHtw;w rlg; nghUs;fs.; gy Nfhb fpkP f;F mg;ghy; tyk; te;J nfhz;bUg;git. mtw;wpdhy; kdpjHfs; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwhHfs; vd;gJ tPz; GuspNa!

thdpy; Nfhlhd Nfhb Nfhb el;rj;jpuq;fs; cz;L. mtw;wpy; 27 el;rj;jpuq;fis kl;Lk; NjHe;njLj;J mtw;Wf;Fg; gyd; nrhy;tJ mwptPdkhFk;. gz;ila kdpjd; jdJ mwpTf;F xg;g mtw;Wf;F cUtk; fw;gpj;Jg; ngaUk; itj;J Fzq;fisAk; nrhd;dhd;. ,jw;F mwptpay; mbg;gil vJTk; mbNahL fpilahJ.

NkNy $wpatw;why; jpUkzj;Jf;F kzkfd; kzkfs; rhjfj;ij itj;Jg; nghUj;jk; ghHg;gJ vt;tsT klik vd;gJ nrhy;yhkNy tpsq;Fk;. mJ ,Ul;liwapy; fUg;Gg; G+idiaj; Njba FUld; fij Nghd;wJ!

mz;ikf; fhyk; tiu re;jpu - #upa fpufzj;jpd; NghJ ghk;G mtw;iw tpOq;Ftjhf epidj;J kf;fs; mr;rk; mile;jhHfs;. ,g;NghJ re;jpu - #upa fpufzq;fs; vjdhy; Vw;gLfpwJ vd;gJ vy;NyhUf;Fk; njupAk;.

re;jpud;> Gtpia xU ePs;tl;lf; Nfhl;by; 29 ehs; 12 kzpj;jpahyk; 44 kzpj;Jspf;F xUKiw Rw;wptUfpwJ. ,g;gbr; Rw;wptUk; NghJ mkhthir md;W re;jpud; #upaDf;Fk; Gtpf;Fk; ,ilapy; xNu NeHf;Nfhl;by; tUk;NghJ #upa fpufzk; ,lk; ngWfpwJ. re;jpud;> mt;thW xNu NeHf;Nfhl;by; tUk;NghJ re;jpudpd; epoy; G+kpapy; gbfpwJ. mg;NghJ #upaid re;jpud; kiwj;J tpLfpwJ. cz;ikapy; xt;nthU 29 ½ ehSf;F xUKiw #upa fpufzk; Vw;gl Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; re;jpudpd; XLghij Gtpapd; XLghijf;F 5 ghif rupe;jpUf;fpw fhuzj;jhy; Mz;by; Fiwe;jJ ,uz;L #upa fpufzq;fs; kl;Lk; ,lk; ngWfpd;wd.

re;jpu fpufzk; G+uiz ehsd;Nw ,lk;ngWfpwJ. Gtpapd; ,Us;gFjpapy; ,Ug;gtHfNs re;jpu fpufzj;ijg; ghHf;f KbAk;. Gtp> re;jpuDf;Fk; #upaDf;Fk; ,ilapy; xNu NeHf;Nfhl;by; tUk; NghJ #upa xsp re;jpud; kPJ tpohjthW Gtp jLj;JtpLfpwJ. mNj Neuk; Gtpapd; epoy; re;jpudpy; gbe;J re;jpu fpufzk; ,lk; ngWfpwJ.

vdNt re;jpu - #upa fpufzq;fs; ,aw;if epfo;TfshFk;. fpufzk; epfOk; nghOJ rikf;ff; $lhJ rhg;gplf;$lhJ rhg;gpl;lhy; eQ;R vd;gnjy;yhk; ghl;bf; fijfs;. Mdhy; gbj;jtHfspy; rpyUk; mjid ek;GfpwhHfs;. Nfhapy; mUr;rfHfs; Njhrk; ePq;f NfhapYf;F te;J rhe;jp nra;AkhW kf;fis ntUl;LfpwhHfs;. G+ir nra;AkhW mr;RWj;JfpwhHfs;.

rdp 1>321>416>800 fpkP (821>190>000 fy;) njhiyTf;F mg;ghy; #upaid tyk; tUk; fpufk;. me;jf; fpufk; ,e;jg; Gtpapy; thOk; kf;fsJ ed;ik jpd;ik> Nahfk; mtNahfk;> Rfk;> Jf;fk; Nghd;wtw;Wf;Ff; fhuzkhf ,Uf;f KbAkh?

,q;fpUe;J ,t;tsT njhiytpy; cs;s rdpf; fpufj;Jf;F vs;nsz;iz vupj;jhy; rdpiar; rupf;fl;b tplKbAkh?

kdpjd; ehfupfk; milahj fhl;Lkpuhz;bf; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;jNghJ ,e;jf; fpufq;fis flTs; vd epidj;J mtw;iw topgl;lhd; vd;why; mwptpay; tsHe;j ,e;j 21 Mk; Ehw;whz;bYk; mtw;iw topgl Ntz;Lkh? mt;thW topgLtJ rupah? mwpT ehzaKs;stHfs; rpe;jpj;Jg; ghHf;f Ntz;Lk;. (tsUk;)